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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Miscellaneous Publication No. 698

WASHINGTON, D. C. ,~ N04] April 1950
: |

_ A REVISION OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF BEETLES
BELONGING TO THE FAMILY
BOSTRICHIDAE

By
W. S. FISHER

Entomologist, Division of Insect Identification
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
Agricultural Research Administration

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
< Washington 25,D.C. - Price 35 cents

749470

A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
BEETLES BELONGING TO THE oe BOSTRICHIDAE

By W.S. FisHer, entomologist, Division of Insect “oh egal Bureau of Entomol-
ogy and Plant Quarantine. Agricultural Research Administration

CONTENTS
Page Page
tiiseilucizon 2 OU A TOLD) | 1!Subfamilv Bostrichinae________ 51
Key to the subfamilies and tribes Tribe Dinapatini____________ 51
ni. Bosiviehadaes.2.- (1. 't....._ 2 Weibe. Basimiching 5 3 ~~ 2b -< 52
Subfamily Dysidinae___________ 3 Tribe Xyloperthini______- ___ 101
Subfamily Psoinae____-_______-~ : 2 LEE alee ede ile es Be ee a 143
Tribe Polycaonini___________ index to’spécies.! 12/2 ket 145
rise Papin. i<f3 Fe toc | 13 Index to host plants and com-
Subfamily Endecatominae___-_-__ 19 Mmpteia | BrOGUCtS. bo) Swe > 153
Subfamily Dinoderinae________- 2s
INTRODUCTION

This publication summarizes the resuits of severai years’ study of
the beetles of the family Bostrichidae and treats all the species of the
family known to occur in America north of Mexico and including
Lower California. In addition, a number of exotic species, int2rcepted
from time to time in imports from foreign countries, are included in
anticipation of the necessity of correctly identifying such material.
In all, 32 genera and 92 species are considered. So far as is known,
29 of these species have not become established in the United States.
Eight species are described as new.

From a utilitarian point of view the family Bostrichidae is one of
the most destructive families of the Coleoptera. A number of the
species cause considerable damage to stored vegetable products, such
as dried roots and all kinds of grain. Members of the family are espe-
cially destructive in the Tropics, where they cause great damage to
felled timber and bamboo, particularly in regions where bamboo is
widely used in construction of buildings and furniture. It has been
commonly supposed that bostrichids were simply wood borers and did
no damage to living trees. Recently, however, it has been established
that many species will attack and oviposit in weakened standing green
trees. Some species have the damaging habit of tunneling into the
green shoots of plants, either for food or for hibernation. The pro-
pensity for members of this family to burrow in wood products, such
as packing cases and articles made of bamboo, has resulted in their
being widely distributed through commerce.

This study, which has been made almost entirely from material in
the United States National Museum, was undertaken because of the

842409—50——1 :

2 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

need for a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of this econom1-
cally important family. Lesne’s excellent revision of the known
species of this family, published between 1896 and 1906, is not always
available to American students of the group. Furthermore, although
Lesne established a number of new genera in this work, he neglected
to designate genotypes, with the result that there has been some dif-
ference of opinion among subsequent workers as to the application
of certain generic names. Itesne treated the Lyctidae as a subfamily
of the Bostrichidae, but the author of this publication prefers to
follow Kraus? and consider the Lyctidae as a separate family.
Members of this family are elongate, cylindrical in form. They
greatly resemble and are often mistaken for Scolytidae. From the
Scolytidae they may usually be distinguished by their tuberculate
and rasplike pronotum, by their straight instead of elbowed antennae
with a 8- or 4-segmented club, and by their 5-segmented tarsi. The
outer surface of these beetles is very hard, and all parts fit closely to-
gether as is usually the case with wood-boring beetles. The prothorax
is occasionally furnished with hooks or frontal teeth in addition to
the rasplike tubercles, and the posterior part of the elytra is fre-
quently provided with one or more tubercles. These latter structures
are probably used by the beetles in moving about in their tunnels.
The femora and tibiae are broad, the latter frequently toothed on one
margin. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism and have the hooks

_and teeth of the pronotum and the tubercles of the elytra curiously

modified.
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES OF BOSTRICHIDAE

1. Head not deeply inserted in the prothorax, visible from above__________ 2
Head deeply inserted in the prothorax, not visible from above__________ 4
2. Front of head produced into a lobe on each side of clypeus; disk of pro-
notum tuberculate_-— 22-3 °+2.+_-. Saeeee DYSTD INAH pes:
Front of head not produced into a lobe on each side of the clypeus; disk of
pronotum not tuberculate: = __-_. _ =e PSOINAE p2 5a 3
3. Anterior coxae distinctly separated by the prosternal lobe; anterior tibiae
with a large arcuate spine at apices___________ POLYCAONINTL, p. 5.
Anterior coxae not or only partially separated by the prosternal lobe;
anterior tibiae without a large arcuate spine at apices__ PSOINTI, p. 15.
4, Pronotum completely margined laterally. ENDECATOMINAE, p. 19.
Pronotum not completely margined laterally, rarely with a distinct lateral

carina, on-each-side posteriorly ___.__ _ -__ aa eee 5
5. Posterior tarsi shorter than tibiae; pronotum rounded or ogival, rarely
truncate min ironte-ts< 6+ Sy aa DINODERINAE, p. 23.

Posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than, tibiae (not quite so long in some
specimens of Apatides fortis (Lec.), but then the pronotum is emarginate
in front) ; pronotum truncate or emarginate in front
BOSTRICHINAE;p: 512 6
6. First and second segments of antennal club compressed or flabellate_____ <i
First and second segments of antennal club ealiciform (cup-shaped)
DINAPATINI, p. 51.
7. Intercoxal process of abdomen tabular (T-shaped) or triangular
BOSTRICHINI, p. 53.
Intercoxal process of abdomen lamellate (|-shaped)
XVVLORE RACHINL sp: 101

*KRAUS, E. J. III.—aA REVISION OF THE POWDER-POST BEETLES OF THE FAMILY
LYCTIDAE OF THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE. U.S. Dept. Agr. Ent. Tech. Bul. 20,
poy tiit—13s8-) 191d.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 3

Subfamily DYSIDINAE

Dysididae Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Franc. pour l’Avance. des Sci., Cong. de Strasbourg
(1920), p. 286.

Dysidinae Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 4.

Apoleoninae Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 3 (larvae).
This subfamily contains but two genera, Dysides Perty and A poleon

Gorham, the former distributed throughout South America and the

latter restricted to the oriental regions.

Genus DYSIDES Perty

Dysides Perty, 1832, Delectus Animalium Articulatorum Ins. Brasil, p. 115, pl.
22, fig. 14; Silbermann, 1833, Rev. d’Ent. 1: 265; Westwood, 1835, Mag. Zool., Cl.
9, pl. 123 ; Guérin-Ménéville, 1844, Icon. Regné Anim., v. 3, Insectes p. 188; 1845,
Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p. xvii; Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des
Coléopt., v. 4, pp. 519, 527-528; Lesne, 1894, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 63:
18-21 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 4.

Head strongly convex, not covered by the prothorax, completely
visible from above, the front prolonged forward forming a lobe on
each side of clypeus; clypeus strongly transverse, emarginate in front;
labrum small, partially covered by clypeus; maxillary and labial palpi
subequal to each other in length, apical segments of maxillary palpi
broad, elongate, broadly rounded or subtruncate at apices, apical seg-
ments of labial palpi narrowly oblong, rather acute at apices; mandi-
bles large, robust, acute at apices, bidentate on inner margins, densely
pubescent posteriorly; eyes large, round, globose, strongly projecting.
Antenna 9-segmented ; first segment robust, elongate, sides nearly par-
allel, densely clothed with stiff hairs; second segment narrow, ex-
panded toward apex, subequal in length to the following two segments
united; third to sixth segments round, subequal in length; last three
segments forming a large, loose club, with numerous small sensory
depressions on each surface, and with a few erect blackish hairs. Pro-
notum moderately convex, uneven and irregularly tuberculate on top,
truncate at base, truncate or broadly, arcuately emarginate at apex,
without distinct lateral margins. Scutellum subtriangular, elongate,
broadly rounded at apex. Elytra moderately convex, without longi-
tudinal carmae. Legs long, subequal in length; tibiae with sides
nearly parallel, not distinctly dentate on exterior margins, anterior
pair with three spines at apices, a small, arcuate one on outer margin
and two unequal ones on inner margin; tarsi 5-segmented; posterior
pair shorter than tibiae, last segment subequal in length or slightly
longer than first. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly
separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen broadly triangular. Body
elongate, moderately depressed.

Genotype-—Dysides obscurus Perty. (Monobasic.)

The genus Dystdes was founded by Perty (1832) for his new species
obscurus from Brazil.

There is considerable discussion on the systematic position of this
genus. Perty placed it with some doubt between the “Ptiniors” and
“Clerides.” Silbermann (1833) placed it in the Anobiidae near
Anobium, stating that the tarsi have five segments, but the antennae
have only nine segments. Westwood (1835) placed it near A pate
and Psoa. Guérin-Ménéville (1844) placed it in Bostrichidae near
Psoa and Heterarthron. Uacordaire (1857) placed it near the end of
the Anobiidae close to the Bostrichidae. Lesne (1921) erected the

4 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE »

new subfamily Dysidinae for Dystdes Perty (1832) and Apoleon
Gorham (1885), and (1938) placed the Dysidinae in the Bostrichidae
between the subfamilies Euderiinae and Endecatominae. Since the
beetles of Dysidinae do not have the head deeply inserted in the pro-
thorax and it is distinctly visible from above, this subfamily is also
closely allied to Psoinae.

DysIDES OBSCURUS Perty

Dysides obscurus Perty, 1832, Delectus Animalium Articulatorum Ins. Brasil,
p. 113, pl. 22, fig. 14; Westwood, 1835, Mag. Zool., Cl. 9, pl. 128; Lesne, 1894,
Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 63: 18-21; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.
161, p. 4.

Male——Uniformly dark to light reddish brown, except palpi and
antennae, which are brownish yellow.

Head densely, rather coarsely granulose on front, very finely,
sparsely granulose on occiput, the granules round on front and trans-
verse on occiput, densely clothed with short, erect, arcuate, whitish
hairs; clypeus concave, broadly, shallowly emarginate in front,
densely, finely rugose or granulose, densely clothed with short, erect,
arcuate, whitish hairs; clypeal suture distinct, curved forward
between sides of clypeus and lateral lobes; labrum smooth at middle.
Antennal club with the segments narrowly oblong, second and third
segments petiolate at bases, the third distinctly longer than second,
and narrowly rounded at apex.

Pronotum inuch wider than long, widest along basal half, with a
narrow, transverse groove along base, a triangular, median flattened
space along anterior margin, and a narrow, longitudinal, median
groove on basal half; sides parallel on basal half, arcuately converging
anteriorly, with a number of small tubercles near margins; posterior
angles rectangular, each with four teeth; disk with four rather acute,
erect tubercles, placed in a transverse row near middle, and a few
smaller tubercles scattered over apical half, surface finely densely
granulose, the granules distinctly separated, densely, uniformly
clothed with short, erect, arcuate, whitish hairs.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along basal half; sides
gradually expanded to apical fourth, then arcuately converging to
the apices, which are separately rounded; apical declivity regularly,
arcuately deflexed; surface densely, finely, uniformly punctate, finely
granulose on basal region, densely, uniformly clothed with short,
erect, blackish hairs (with whitish and blackish hairs intermixed
on the pale brown specimens).

Abdomen beneath densely, finely punctate, densely, uniformly
clothed with short, erect hairs, similar to those on dorsal surface of
elytra; last visible sternite broadly depressed at middle, broadly
rounded at apex, and clothed with longer, erect, black hairs.

Female.—Diflers from the male in having the clypeus bilobed and
deeply, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front, the segments of the
antennal club robust, with the first and second segments subtriangular
and subequal in length to each other, and the third segment oblong,
longer than the eighth, and subtruncate at the apex, and the last vis-
ible abdominal sternite without a median depression.

Length 5-14 mm., width 44.5 mm.

Type locality—Piauhy Province, Brazil; present ‘location of the
type is unknown to the writer.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 8

Distribution.—This species is recorded in the literature from Vene-
zuela, Brazil, Bolivia, and Guiana.

So far as known this species has not become established in the
United States, but adults have been intercepted at Hoboken, N. J.,
with orchids from Venezuela and in a softwood board from Colombia,
South America. Nothing is known about the habits of this species,
but D’Orbigny reported collecting adults on a dead tree at Guarayos,
Bolivia, during December. Westwood (1855) recorded a specimen
in the Guilding collection from Saint Vincent Island, but the locality
is somewhat doubtful.

Subfamily PSOINAE
Tribe POLYCAONINI

Polycaonini Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Franc. pour Avance. des Sci., Cong. de Stras-
bourg (1920), p. 287.

Polycaoninae Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 96, 111-125.

Psoini LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 3 (1) : 207, 208 (part) ; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 540, 551 (part); LeConte and Horn, 1883,
Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 507: 227 (part).

Psoidae Béving and Craighead, 1931, Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 11: 62 (part) (larvae).

Psoinae Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Ree. Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 3, 4 (larvae) ; An-
derson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388-390 (part).

This tribe contains two genera, both of which are represented in
the United States.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF POLYCAONINI

Anterior tibia strongly emarginate at base; sides of pronotum

eet vet Lea 02 NL 2 i | pS Melalgus Dejean, p. 5.
Anterior tibia not emarginate at base; sides of pronotum_ con-
Wekeserencrey ies) fbr pe ER ee: Polycaon Castelnau, p. 11.

Genus MELALGUS Dejean

Melaigus Dejean, 1835, Cat. Coléopt., ed. 2, p. 309; 1836, ed. 3 rev., p. 334; Sturm,
1843, Cat. Kifer Sammlung, p. 231.

Heterarthron Dejean, 1836, Cat. Coléopt., ed. 3 revy., p. 334; Guérin-Ménéville,
1884, Icon. Régne Anim. Ins., v. 3, pp. 186-187; 1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
(ser. 2) 3: Bul, p. xvii; Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 169, note
2; 1896, 65: 111, 114-125; 1906, 75: 394-399; 1925, Encye. Ent. (ser. B),
Coléopt. 1: 31; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coléopt., Cat., pt. 161, pp. 27-29; Belkin,
1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Exropioides Guérin-Ménéville. 1884, Icon. Régne Anim. Ins., vy. 3, pp. 187-188;
1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p. xvii; Horn, 1878, Amer.
Phil. Soc. Proce. 17 : 551, 554; Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 111, 114;
1913, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 194.

Polycaon Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 551-54 (part).

Head strongly convex, not covered by prothorax, completely visible
from above; clypeus large, broadly transverse, separated from front
of head by a more or less distinct suture; labrum broadly transverse,
partially covered by clypeus, truncate or emarginate in front; mentum
strongly transverse, more or less emarginate in front; maxillary and
labial palpi subequal in length, densely pubescent, apical segment of
each narrowly oblong, rather acutely round at apex, mandibles
robust, asymmetrical; eyes round or oblong, globose, strongly project-
ing. Antenna short, 10- or 1l-segmented; first segment oblong,
longer than second; second to seventh or eighth segments short; last

6 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

three segments forming a loose club, which is as long as or longer
than funicle, first two segments subtriangular, last segment oblong-
oval. Pronotum moderately convex, truncate at base and apex, with-
out gibbosities or dentiform tubercles, and without distinct lateral
margins; sides flattened or feebly concave. Scutellum (visible part)
quadrate or slightly transverse. Elytra moderately convex, with or
without longitudinal carinae on apical declivity. Legs long; anterior
tibia emarginate at base, strongly dentate on outer margin, with two
spines at apices, a large, arcuate one on inner margin and a short,
straight one on outer margin; tarsi 5-segmented, posterior pair as
long as or longer than tibiae, last segment of each shorter than the
preceding four segments united, second and third segments flattened
and expanded toward apices. Anterior and middle coxae separated.
Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—Ot Melalgus, Bostrichus femoralis Olivier. Of
Heterarthron, Bostrichus femoralis Olivier. (Designated by Guérin-
Ménéville.) Of Hvopioides, Kxopioides carinatus Guérin-Ménéville.
(Monobasic. )

This genus contains 24 described species, most of which are found
in America, although a few species have been described from Asia.
The sexual dimorphism of the species of this genus makes their study
very difficult.

Melalgus Dejean (1835) is a valid genus based upon gonagra Fab-
ricius, with Bostrichus femoralis Olivier listed as its synonym, and
two undescribed species, chélensis Lacordaire and cylindricus Dejean.
Dejean (18386) included the same species under Jelalgus, but also
placed Heterarthron Guérin (nomen nudum) as a synonym of that
genus; therefore Heterarthron Dejean attains validity by citation in
synonymy. Sturm (1843) placed [eterarthron as a synonym of
Melalgus Dejean. Since Guérin-Ménéville (1844) has discussed the
two genera Melalgus and Heterarthron and has designated Bostrichus
femoralis Olivier as the genotype of Heterarthron, this species auto-
matically becomes the type of JM/elalgus (Article 30f of the Inter-
national Code). Guérin-Ménéville (1844) erected H'xopioides for
Exopioides carinatus, his new species from Bolivia. Lesne (1896)
placed L'xwopioides as a synonym of Heterarthron. WUacordaire (1857)
united Heterarthron and Polycaon, but Lesne (1925) in discussing
Van Dyke’s remarks about granulatus connecting Polycaon and
Heterarthron, states that the form of the anterior feet and propleura
of the prothorax form good characters for separating the two genera.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MELALGUS

1. Antenna 11-segmented; elytral declivity carinate at sides______________ 2
Antenna 10-segmented; elytral declivity not carinate at sides__________ 3

2. Marginal carina on elytral declivity short, extending to middle of declivity,
the tip closer to lateral margin than sutural margin; punctures on
elytra “arranged ine rows. 251. | ae exesus (LeConte), p. 7.

Marginal carina on elytral declivity long, extending nearly full length of de-
clivity, the tip (when viewed from above) midway between lateral and
sutural margins; punctures not arranged in rows_plicatus (LeConte), p. 7.

3. Eyes separated on front (when viewed from front) by at least six times
their own diameter; pronotum not distinctly wider than long; elytra
granulose toward sides and apices______ confertus (LeConte), p. 9.

Eyes separated on front by three times their own diameter; pronotum
distinctly wider than long; elytra not granulose toward sides or
apicess2 2. 2 ee ee megalops (Fall), p. 10.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE a4

ME.Latcus ExEsuS (LeConte)

Exops exesus LeConte, 1858, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. X: 74.

Polycaon exresus Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 552, 553; Gorham, 1883,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, pp. 210—211, pl. 10, figs. 18-19.

Heterarthron exesus Lesne, 1906, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 75: 394, 396; 1935,
Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Arch. (ser. 6) 12: 429, fig. 7 (Tricent. vol.) ; 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 28; 1939, Rev. Francaise Ent. 6:
95-97: Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51 :193.

Heierarthron femoralis Lesne (not Fabricius), 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
65: 15, 18-19, figs. 5, 6, pl. 8, fig. 2, pl. 9, figs. 17-19 (part).

The writer has not examined any specimens of this species, and it
is placed in the key entirely upon the characters given in the original
description and by other writers. The following is a copy of LeConte’s
original description :

Erops exesus, ater, capite confertissime granulato, thorace latitudine haud
breviore convexo, postice parum angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis omnibus
rotundatis, granulato-punctato, modice canaliculato, elytris thorace sesqui latiori-
bus cylindricis antice truncatis, fortiter cribratim postice confluenter punctatis
et sensim granulatis, postice oblique declivibus et linea elevata arcuata notatis,
antennis ferrugineis. Long. .47.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas. Mr. Haldeman. The posterior curved elevated line
of the elytra becomes marginal near the apex, but anteriorly bends inwards so
as to define the oblique declivity. The curious species is in the transition from
Exops towards Apate and allied genera.

Type.—tn the LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution—This species is distributed throughout southern
Texas, Lower California, Mexico, and Central America. lLesne
(1939) gives the distribution as follows:

TEXAS: Ringgold Barracks on the Rio Grande.
Mexico: Cocula, Zumpango, Oaxaca, Juchitan, Vera Cruz, Cordoba, Tehuantepec,

Chiapas, and Tapachula.

GUATEMALA: Torola and San Geronimo.
HonpurRAS: Amapala.

NICARAGUA: Managua and Contales.
Costa Rica: Surubres, San Mateo, La Uruca, Turrialba, and San José.

Hosts.—Nothing has been recorded on the host plants of this species.

MELALGUs PLICATUS (LeConte)

Polycaon plicatus LeConte, 1874, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 5: 65-66; Horn, 1878,
Amer. Phil. Soe. Proe. 17: 552, 553-554; Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, p. 211.

Heterarthron plicatus Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 115, 119-120
(part) ; 1937, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. (ser. 2), 9: 5; 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 28; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour.
29: 388, fig. 18 (larvae).

Polycaon obliquus LeConte, 1874, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 5: 66; Horn, 1878, Amer.
Pht See.,Proce.. 17 = 552,553.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly reddish brown to brownish
black.

Head in front subequal in width to pronotum at apex, strongly
convex posteriorly, vaguely fiattened along anterior margin at middle,
densely, finely, uniformly granulose, rather densely ‘clothed with
moderately long, semierect, yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect,
yellowish hairs intermixed ; clypeus convex, broadly, vaguely emar-
ginate or truncate in front; labrum slightly flattened, br oadly, arcu-
ately emarginate in front; ey es separated on the front (when viewed

S MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

from above) by at least six times their own diameter. Antenna short,

11-segmented, with a few long and short, erect hairs intermixed ; third

segment subequal in length to fourth.

‘Pronotum quadrate, widest near apex, broadly depressed along an-
terior margin, with a narrow, longitudinal line on basal two- thirds;
sides rounded near apical angles, obliquely narrowed posteriorly,
coarsely, densely punctate on “disk, coarsely, densely granulose on
deflexed sides, rather densely clothed with moderately ‘long, semierect,
yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect, yellowish hairs intermixed.

Elytra at base distinctly wider than pronotum at apex, strongly
obliquely declivous posteriorly ; sides parallel, broadly conjointly
rounded at apices; surface coarsely, sparsely, irregularly punctate at
base and along sutural mar gins on basal half, nearly impunctate pos-
teriorly, with a number of “short, transverse, parallel plicae on each
side, nearly glabrous on apical declivity, but sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs at sides; apical declivity with sutural
margins elevated and each with a strongly elevated, marginal carina,
extending nearly full length of declivity, the tip midway between
lateral and sutural margins when viewed from above.

Body beneath densely clothed with long, recumbent and semierect,
yellowish hairs, densely, rather finely punctate except on abdomen,
where it 1s very finely, confluently punctate; arcuate spine at apex of
anterior tibia extending nearly to middle ot second tarsal segment.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of head uni-
formly convex and not flattened at middle, the eyes separated on the
front by about four times their own diameter, the pronotum more
vaguely depressed along the anterior margin and the surface densely,
confluently punctate or granulose on the “disk, the elytra uniformly,
finely, densely granulose, punctate, or rugose, and rather densely
clothed with short and long, erect, yellowish hairs, which are more
erect on the apical declivity. The arcuate spine at the a pex of anterior
tibia about as long as the first tarsal segment.

Length 7.5-15 mm., width 2-5 mm.

Type locality. Of plicate is and obl'quus, Texas, no de‘inite locality ;
types in the LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology, Cambridge. Mass.

Distribution—_From material examined :

GeorGiA: Savannah, April 10, 1896, in fig stem.

Texas: Brownsville, March 28, 1895 (C. H. T. Townsend); March 238, 1936
(P. A. Glick) ; May 21-June 2, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; (C. Schaeffer, E. Schwarz
and H. F. Wickham). San Diego (Hubbard and Schwarz). Victoria, March
23 (H. A. Schwarz). Kingsville, March 6, 1920 (M. M. High). San Antonio,
March 17, 1908 (W. D. Pierce). Alice, March 23, 1995 (W. E. Hinds). No
locality (Ff. H. Chittenden, C. V. Riley and G. W. Belfrage).

Gorham (1883) recorded this species from Cordova and Peras,
Mexico.

Hosts.—This species has been reared from fig, cotton, and huisache
(Acacia farnesiana ( Linnaeus) Willdenow) stems and from the dead
limbs of Royal Poinciana in the Brownsville. Tex., region.

LeConte (1874) described plicatus from a single male and obliquus

from a single female, both collected by G. W. Belfrage at an unre-_

corded locality in Texas. Corham (1883), recognizing odliquus as
the female of plicatus, placed it as a synonym of plicatus.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE me)

MELALGUS CONFERTUS (LeConte)

Polycaon confertus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 103; Horn,
1878, Amer: Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 552, 554; Riley, 1882, Amer. Nat. 16: 747;
Lintner, 1896, N. Y. State Mus., Rpt. 49 (1895), p. 268; Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad.
Sci., Occas. Papers 8: 25, 184; Herbert, 1920, Jour. Econ. Ent. 13: 360-361.

lieterartiron confertus Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 114, 116-117,
125; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 27; Anderson, 1939, Wash.
Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388, figs. 19-20.

E.xopioides incisa LeConte, 1868, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 2: 64; Horn, 1878, Amer.
Fhils Soc., Prec... 97; : Sp:

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly reddish brown, sometimes
underside of body darker, and antennae, palpi, and tarsi shghtly paler.

Head in front subequal in width to pronotum at apex, strongly
convex, with a narrow, longitudinal, median line on occiput, finely,
densely granulose, sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous, re-
cumbent hairs, with a few long, erect, black hairs intermixed; clypeus
flattened or broadly, feebly, transversely concave at middle, broadly,
shghtly, arcuately emarginate or subtruncate in front; labrum trans-
versely concave, deeply, broadly emarginate in front; eyes separated
on the front by at least six times their own diameter. Antenna 10-
segmented, with a few long and short, erect hairs intermixed.

Pronotum quadrate, at most only slightly wider than long, widest
hear apex, broadly, vaguely, transversely depressed along anterior
margin, with a narrow, longitudinal median line on basal two-thirds;
sides rounded near apical angles, obliquely narrowed posteriorly ; sur-
face finely, densely granulose, rather densely clothed with short, re-
cumbent, yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect, black hairs inter-
mixed.

Elytra at base shghtly wider than pronotum at apex, arcuately
declivous posteriorly; sutural margins slightly elevated on apical
declivity; sides parallel, arcuately emarginate at apices; surface
rather coarsely, shallowly punctate or vaguely rugose on disk, densely
granulose at sides, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish
hairs, with a few long, erect, yellowish hairs intermixed.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with long,
erect and recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the clypeus usually more
convex at middle and more shallowly emarginate in front; the head
more densely granulose, and the elytra broadly conjointly rounded at
apices and usually very densely, coarsely granulose over the entire sur-
face, the granules more or less confluent and elongate.

Length 7-13 mm., width 1.7-3.7 mm.

Type locality—Of confertum, California, no definite locality; type
in the Ulke Collection in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Of
incisa, California, no definite locality; type in the LeConte Collection
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution—F rom material examined :

CALIFORNIA; Oakland, May 16, 1932 (E. C. Zimmerman). Placerville (H. E.
Burke). Los Gatos, Santa Clara County (R. E. Blackwelder, E. A. Schwarz).
Blair’s Ranch, Redwood Creek, Humboldt County, June 9, 1903 (H. S. Barber).
Napa County (H. F. Wickham). San Diego (F. H. Chittenden). Walnut
Creek, June 3, 1912 (R. L. Nougaret). Santa Cruz Mountains, Fresno, April 15
(E. A. Schwarz). Sacramento. Santa Rosa. San Francisco.

Oregon : Ashland, April 6, 1915, Phoenix (A. D. Hopkins). Eugene, June 2, 1941.

10 =MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Hosts.—Herbert (1920) stated that this species is often called the
olive twig borer and usually bores in at the fork of two small branches
and occasionally damages young trees seriously. The adults prune the
twigs of almond, apple, apricot, avocado, birch, cherry, currant, rasp-
berry, English elm, Hugenia myrifolia, fig, grape, live oak, olive,
orange, peach, pear, prune, quince, and the strawberry tree (Arbutus
unedo). The adults do not breed in all these plants, but eggs have been
recorded as being laid in the dead wood of acacia, almond, apple, Ore-
gon maple, silver maple, live oak, manzanita, tanbark oak, and rose.
Herbert (1920) reported that the larvae mine in the sap and heart-
wood of these trees for a year and possibly more, emerging in early
summer to prune a few twigs before laying eggs.

LeConte (1866) described confertus from a single female and in 1868
described Exopioides incisa from a single male, both collected at unre-
corded localities in California. Horn (1878), recognizing Hwopioides
incisa as the male of Polycaon confertus, placed it as a synonym of the

latter species.
Metatcus Mecators (Fall)

Polycaon megalops Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad. Sci., Occas. Papers 8: 25, 134, 254.
Heterarthron megalops Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 28.

The writer has not examined any specimens of this species, and it is
placed in the key entirely upon the characters given in the original
description. The following is a copy of Fall’s original description.

Polycaon megalops. Allied to P. confertus, with which it can be compared
because of its 10-jointed antennae. It differs most conspicuously in the very
large and prominent eyes, which are separated by three times their own diameter
when viewed from the front, while in P. confertus they are distant fully six
times their own diameter. Further differences are as follows: prothorax dis-
tinctly wider than long, not canaliculate, the transverse impression less distinct,
the granulation less dense; elytra two and one-half times as long as the head
and prothorax (scarcely more than twice as long in P. confertus), rather sparsely
punctate, much as in the male of P. confertus, but not at all granulate towards
the sides and apex; second and third tarsal joints with only a group of pro-
jecting hairs, instead of the densely matted brushes which in P. confertus assume
the appearance of membranous lobes.

Two examples have been seen, both apparently females; one, in the writer’s
collection, is 5 mm. in length, the other, in the collection of Dr. Van Dyke, is
7 mm. long. The larger specimen barely reaches the stature of the smallest P.
confertus, which varies in length from 7.5 to 10.5 mm.

Specimens taken at Pomona, Los Angeles County [Calif.].

MELALGUS FEMORALIs (Fabricius)
Apate femoralis Fabricius, 1792, Entomologia Systematica, v. 1, pt. 2, p. 361.

This species, listed from Texas by Leng,” is found only in the West
Indies, and the specimens listed from Central America and Texas are
femoralis Lesne (not Fabricius), which is a synonym of ewesus
LeConte.

MELALGUS PARVULUS (Lesne)
Heterarthron parvulum Lesne, 1925, Encyc. Ent. (ser. B), Coleopt. 1: 29-30.

This species, listed from California by Leng and Mutchler,? was de-
scribed from Monterey, Calif., in error for Monterey, Mex., and has
not been collected in the United States.

* Leng, C. W. CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO, p.
245. 1920.
* See footnote 2 (ibid. sup. 2, p. 37, 1933).

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 11

Genus POLYCAON Castelnau

Polycaon Castelnau, 1836. in Silbermann’s Rev. d’ Ent. 4: 30; Lacordaire, 1857,
Genera des Coléopt., v. 4, pp. 534-535; LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc.
Collect. 3 (1): 208; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 551-554 (part) ;
LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 507: 228-229; Lesne,
1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 15; 111-114: 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, pp. 26-27; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Ezxops Curtis, 1839, Linn. Soc. London, Trans. 18: 203-204, pl. 15, figs. 19-20, F;
Guérin-Ménéyville, 1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p. xvii;
Agassiz, 1846, Nomenclator Zoologicus, pt. 11, Coleoptera. p. 71; Blanchard, 1851,
in Gay’s Hist. de Chile, v. 5, pp. 434486; LeConte, 1857, Explorations and
Survey Pacific R. R., Rpt. 12 (2). pp. 19, 49.

Alloeocnemis LeConte, 1853, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 6: 232-233; 1857,
Explorations and Survey Pacific R. R., Rpt. 12 (2), pp. 19, 49.

Psoa Erichson 1834 (not Herbst 1797), Nova. Acta. Acad. Leopold, v. 16, sup. 1,
p. 390, pl. 39, fig. 4.

Head strongly convex, not covered by prothorax, completely visible
from above; clypeus large, broadly transverse, separated from front
of head by an obsolete suture; labrum broadly transverse, partially
covered by clypeus, truncate or emarginate in front; mentum strongly
transverse, more or less emarginate in front; maxillary and labial
palpi subequal in length, densely pubescent, apical segment of each
narrowly oblong, rather acutely rounded at apex; mandibles robust,
asymmetrical; eyes round, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna
short, 10- or 11-segmented; first segment oblong, longer than second;
second to seventh or eighth segments short; last three segments form-
ing a loose club, which is as long as or longer than the funicle, first
two segments subtriangular, last segment oblong-oval. Pronotum
moderately convex, truncate at base and apex, without gibbosities
or dentiform tubercles, lateral margins not distinct; sides convex.
Scutellum quadrate or slightly transverse. Elytra moderately con-
vex, without longitudinal carinae on apical declivity. Legs long:
anterior tibia not emarginate at base, strongly dentate on outer mar-
gin, with two spines at apices, a large arcuate one on inner margin, and
a short, straight one on outer margin; tarsi 5-segmented, posterior
pair as long as, or longer than tibiae, last segment of each shorter
than preceding four segments united; second and third segments of
anterior pair not expanded on apical halves. Anterior and middle
coxae separated. Body elongate, moderately depressed.

Genotype.—Of Polycaon, chiliensis Castelnau. (Monobasic.) Of
Exops, bevani Curtis. (Monobasic, synonym of chiliensis Castelnau.)
Of Alloeocnemis, stoutii Leconte. (Monobasic.)

This genus contains but four described species, three of which are
found in the United States and the other one in South America.
Castelnau (1836) erected Polycaon for chiliensis Castelnau, a new spe-
cies from Chile, which is a synonym of Psoa chilensis Erichson (1834).
Curtis (1839) erected Exops for bevani Curtis, a new species from
Chile, and placed it in the family Cleridae. Agassiz (1846) placed
Exops Curtis (1839) as a synonym of Polycaon Castelnau (1836).
Blanchard (1851) placed Psoa Erichson (not Herbst) as a synonym
of Exops Curtis. LeConte (1853) erected Alloeocnemis for stoutii
LeConte, a new species from California. Lacordaire (1857) placed
Ezxops Curtis and Alloeocnemis LeConte as synonyms of Polycaon
Castelnau. Lesne (1896) placed Exops bevani Curtis as a synonym
of Polycaon chilensis Erichson.

12 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POLYCAON

1. Antenna 1l-segmented; second and third tarsal segments cylindrical,

NO SCCULIONINS 62. oe Meo tC eae ee nee eee 2
Antenna 10-segmented; second and third tarsal segments securiform,
fattened komt. Gear Nee ene |) ae granulatus Van Dyke, p. 12.
2. Third segment of antenna distinctly shorter than fourth; color
blacks Sie Ae eee: : | stouti (LeConte), p. 13
Third segment of antenna as long as the fourth; color reddish
brownel Sst) et ye es EN ea punctatus LeConte, p. 14.

PoLYCAON GRANULATUS Van Dyke

Polycaon granulatus Van Dyke, 1923, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 18: 43-45; Lesne,
1925, Encyc. Ent. (ser. B), Coleopt. 1: 80-31; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cate pt 161 pet
Male.—Elongate, subcylindrical, opaque, black, except antennae, tar-

sal claws, and “lateral margins of elytra, which are reddish brown.

Head including eyes distinctly wider than pronotum. convex in front,
finely, densely granulose, sparsely clothed with short, erect hairs, with
a few long, erect, black | hairs intermixed; cly peus br oadly depressed
in front at middle, truncate in front; eyes very large, globose, strongly
projecting, each one-third as wide as width of head between them.
Antenna 10-segmented, clothed with a few long, erect hairs; third
segment subequal i in length to fourth; last three segments forming a
loose club, together longer than rest of segments united.

Pronotum ‘subequal i in length and width, widest near apical fourth,
broadly, transversely depressed behind anterior margin, narrowly,
transversely flattened along base; sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
more strongly converging posteriorly, sinuate near base; surface
densely, finely granulose, rather densely clothed with long, erect,
black hairs, with a few shorter, recumbent hairs on median part.

Elytra much wider than pronotum, arcuately declivous toward
apices; sides nearly parallel, separately incised and bidentate at apices ;
disk strongly convex; sur face densely, finely granulose, rather densely
clothed with short, recumbent, black hairs, with a few long, erect, black
hairs intermixed.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose or rugose, rather densely
clothed with moderately long, rectimbent and semier ect, whitish hairs,
with a few long, erect hairs intermixed. Anterior tibia robust,
expanded toward apex, dentate on exterior margin, without basal
excavation; second and third tarsal segments elongate, securiform

Female.—Differs from the male in ‘having the “tips of the elytra
conjointly rounded.

Length 8-10 mm., width 2.5-3.5 mm.

Type locality—Carmel, Monterey County, Calif.

Type.—tn the Van Dyke Collection in the California Academy of
Sciences.

Van Dyke described this species from three males and one female, all
collected at the type locality on March 8 and September 3-19, 1916, by
L. S. Slevin.

Through the kindness of E. Gorton Linsley the writer was able to
study two specimens of the type series. This species seems to connect
Polycaon and Melalgus, having characters common to both genera,
but the writer prefers to retain “both genera until more specimens are
available for study. P. granulatus agrees with Polycaon in having

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 13

the anterior tibia not excavated or arcuate at the base, the sides of the
pronotum convex, and the elytra without carimae or tubercles on the
apical declivity, and with M/elalgus in having the body cylindrical,
the second and third tarsal segments securiform, and the elytra of
the male incised and bidentate at the apex.

Potycaon stout (LeConte)

Alloeocnemis stoutii LeConte, 1853, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 6: 283.

Exops stoutii LeConte, 1857, Explorations and Survey Pacific R. R., Rpt. 12

2), P19:

Pes are Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17: 552-553.; Lesne, 1896,
Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 112, 113, pl. 9, fig. 16; Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad. Sci.
Occas. Papers 8: 25, 134; Herbert, 1920, Jour. Econ. Ent. 13: 361; Tanner, 1927,
Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 53: 14, 31, figs. 147, 148 (female genitalia) ; Boving
and Craighead, 1931, Ent. Amer. (n. ser.) 11: 62, pl. 102, figs. B-E (larvae) ;
Lesne, 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 27; Anderson, 19389, Wash.
Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 390, figs. 12, 13, 15, 16 (larvae).

Exrops ovicollis LeConte, 1857, Explorations and Survey Pacific R. R., Rpt. 12
(2), pp- 19, 49, pl. 1, fig. 19; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17 :. 552.
Male.—Elongate, moderately depressed, uniformly black, antennae,

palpi, and sometimes tarsi reddish brown.

Head in front subequal in width to pronotum at apical fourth,
broadly, transversely depressed behind eyes, shining, coarsely, densely
granulose, the granules round and flat, sparsely clothed with rather
short, inconspicuous, recumbent hairs, with a few long, erect hairs
intermixed; clypeus broadly concave at middle, deeply, arcuately
emarginate in front. Antenna 11-segmented, with a few semierect
hairs; third segment distinctly shorter than fourth; funicle longer
than club.

Pronotum widest near apical fourth, with a narrow median line,
and a large triangular flattened, median space along anterior margin;
sides broadly rounded anteriorly, obliquely narrowed posteriorly ;
surface moderately shining, finely, densely punctate at middle, finely,
densely granulose at sides, sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous,
recumbent hairs, with a few long, erect hairs intermixed.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum at apical fourth,
arcuately declivous posteriorly; sides parailel, broadly conjointly
rounded at apices; surface moderately shining, finely, densely punctate,
finely reticulate, sparsely clothed with very short, inconspicuous,
recumbent hairs.

Body beneath rather densely clothed with long, fine, erect hairs,
which are shorter and more recumbent on abdomen; prosternum
coarsely eranulose or rugose ; abdomen finely, densely punctate.

Female-—Differs from the male in having the head narrower than
pronotum, subopaque, more finely, confluently oranulose, and not
depressed behind the eyes, the clypeus obsoletely concave at middle
and feebly emarginate in front, the pronotum subopaque, more finely,
densely granulose and more densely punctate at middle, and the elytra
subopaque and finely granulose at base.

Leneth 10-24 mm., width 3-6.5 mm.

Type locality.—O¢t stoutii and ovicollis, San Francisco, Calif. ; types
in the LeConfe Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass.

14. + MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Distribution—From material examined:

ARIZONA: Miller’s Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, October 6, 1909 (H. A. Kaeber).
CALIFORNIA: Various localities throughout the State.

OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma City, March 16, 1942, boring in a table leg.

OREGON: Rogue River, September 17, 1913, (W. D. Edmonston).

TENNESSEE: Memphis, June 20, 1933, boring in a redwood dresser (G. C. Brown).
Texas: Ysleta, June 30, 1933, boring in a mahogany table (C. A. King).

Urau : Ogden; Eureka, July 26 (Tom Spalding).

WyomiIne: Evarston, June 15, 1885.

Hosts—It has been reared from prune and hickory, and has been
reported as pruning twigs. Herbert (1920) reported it as breeding
in California laurel, coast live oak, madrone, and manzanita, and at-
tacking the branches of almond and Hucalyptus globulus.

LeConte (1853) described stoutii as the genotype of his new genus
Alloeocnemis and he (1857) described ovicollis, placing it in the genus
Exops, both species being from San Francisco, Calif. Horn (1878)
placed ovicollis in synonymy as the female of Polycaon stoutit.

PoLycaon PuNCTATUS LeConte

Polycaon punctatus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 102-103;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17 : 552, 553 ; Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France
Ann. 65: 112, 114; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 27; Belkin,
1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Polycaon pubescens LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 102; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 552, 553.

Female.—Elongate, moderately depressed and shining, uniformly
pale reddish brown.

Head in front slightly narrower than pronotum at apical fourth,
convex behind eyes, finely, rather densely, uniformly granulose,
sparsely clothed with long, erect and recumbent, blackish hairs; cly-
peus broadly, obsoletely depressed at middle, rather shallowly, arcu-
ately emarginate in front. Antenna 11-segmented, with a few long,
erect hairs; third segment subequal in length to fourth; funicle slightly
shorter than club.

Pronotum widest at apical fourth, broadly, feebly, transversely de-
pressed along anterior gnargin; sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
obliquely narrowed posteriorly; surface coarsely, confluently punctate
at middle, rather densely granulose at sides, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, brownish hairs, with a few long, erect, blackish hairs
intermixed.

Elytra at base distinctly wider than pronotum, arcuately declivous
posteriorly; sides parallel, broadly conjointly rounded at apices; sur-
face finely, sparsely punctuate, sparsely clothed with short, inconspic-
uous, recumbent, blackish hairs.

Body beneath sparsely clothed with long, erect hairs, which are
shorter and more recumbent on abdomen; prosternum coarsely granu-
lose or rugose; abdomen finely, densely punctuate.

Length 10 mm., width 2.6 mm.

Type locality—Of punctatus, Lower California; type in the Ulke
Collection in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Of pubescens,
Cape San Lucas, Lower California; type in the LeConte Collection in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution.—Lower California. Only a single female has been
examined, which is in the Hubbard and Schwarz Collection, in the
United States National Museum, and simply labeled “Cal.”

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 15

LeConte (1866) described both punctatus and pubescens from Lower
California, and Horn (1878) placed pubescens in synonymy as the
female of punctatus.

Tribe PsoIni

Psoini LeConte, 1861, Smithsn, Inst. Mise. Collect. 3 (1): 207, 208 (part) ;
Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1,
pp. 7-11; Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kafer Europas 36: p. ss;
LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 507 : 227, 228-229 (part) ;
Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 73, 74-77; 1921, Assoc. Franc. pour lAvance. des Sci.,
Cong. de Strasbourg (1920), p. 288; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.
161, pp. 29-31.

Psoina Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 801-802.

Psoinae Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 96, 97-110; Anderson, 1939,
Wash. Aead. Sci. Jour. 29: 388-390 (larvae) (part).

Psoidae Béving and Craighead, 1931, Ent. Amer. (n. ser.) 11: 62, pl. 102, figs.
A-E (larvae) (part).

This tribe contains five genera, of which Psoa is the only one found
in the United States.

Genus PSOA Herbst

Psoa Herbst, 1797, Natursystem Insekten, Kifer, v. 7, pp. 214-215; Redtenbacher,
1845, Gattungen Deut. Kaefer Fauna, p. 94; Guérin-Ménéville 1845, Soc. Ent.
de France (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p. xvii; Redtenbacher, 1847-1849, Fauna Austriaca,
Die Kafer, pp. 35, 355; Blanchard, 1851, in Gay, Hist. Chile, v. 5, pp. 486-437 ;
Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des Coleopt., v. 4, pp. 534, 536-537; Redtenbacher,
1858, Fauna Austriaca, Die Kifer, ed. 2, pp. CI, 570-571; Jacquelin-Duval,
1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, pp. 232-233, pl. 57, fig. 282a; Kiesen-
wetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Ihsect. Deut. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. T-9,
fig.; LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 507: 228; Seidlitz,
1889, Fauna Baltica, Kaefer, ed. 2, p. 116; 1889, Fauna Transsylvanica, Kaefer,
pp. 116, 529; Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 33-34; Lesne, 1896, Soe. Ent. de
France Ann. 65: 97, 98-104; Schilsky, 1899, in Ktister and Kraatz, Kifer
Europas, v. 36, pp. Ss, ww; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 74-76; Reitter, 1911, Fauna
Germanica, v. 3, p. 300; Lesne, 1912, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 18: 404409,
figs.; Jakobson, 1913, Kiifer Russland, v. 10, pp. 801, 802; Lesne, 1913, Paris
Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 19: 271-275, figs. 1-3; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, pp. 29-30.

Acrepis LeConte, 1852, N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. Ann. 5: 213; 1861, Smithsn.
Inst. Mise. Collect. 3 (1): 208; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 554;
1886, Amer. Ent. Soc. Proc. 13: xv—xvi, figs. 1-2; Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de
France Ann. 65: 99; 1912, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 18: 408; 1913, Bul. 19:
271:

Head slightly flattened, not covered by prothorax, completely vis-
ible from above; clypeus not distinctly separated from front of head
in American species, vaguely, broadly rounded or subtruncate in
front; labrum small, indistinct, nearly covered by clypeus; mentum
small, transverse, subtruncate in front; maxillary palpi longer than
labial palpi, apical segment of each palpus subequal in length to pre-
ceding segment, but broader, oblong, and truncate at apex; labial
palpi short, apical segment of each palpus as long as preceding two
segments united, subtruncate at apex; mandibles short, robust, sym-
metrical; eyes round or oblong, globose, strongly projecting. An-
tenna longer than head, 10- -segmented ; first segment robust, obconical,
longer than second; second small, oval; third to seventh short, sub-
equal in length; last three segments forming a loose club, the segments
subglobose, “eighth subtriangular, ninth and tenth oval. Pronotum
moderately convex, vaguely emarginate at apex, truncate at base,
without gibbosities or dentiform tubercles, and without distinct lateral
margins; sides obliquely deflexed, flattened. Scutellum small, sub-

16 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

triangular. Elytra elongate, convex or subdepressed, parallel or
slightly expanded posteriorly, without longitudinal carinae on apical
declivity. Legs long and slender; anterior tibia not emarginate at
base, coarsely dentate on outer margin, without a large arcuate spine at
apex but with three spines at apex, two short straight ones on inner
margin, and a short, obtuse one on outer margin; tarsi 5-segmented ;
posterior pair as long as or longer than tibiae, first segment not dis-
tinct; last segment of each shorter than preceding four segments
united ; second and third segments of anterior pair slender, not or only
slightly expanded on apical halves. Anterior coxae very narrowly
separated by a short prosternal process; middle coxae very narrowly
separated. Bodv elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—Of Psoa, viennensis Herbst. (Monobasic.) Of Acre-
pis, maculata Le Conte. (Monobasic.)

This genus contains four described species, two from Europe and
two from the United States.

Herbst (1797) erected Psoa for his new species, viennensis, from
Austria. LeConte (1852) erected the genus Acrepis for a single speci-
men he collected at San Francisco, Calif., which he named maculata.
In 1861 LeConte stated that this type was lost at sea, while on the way
to Europe for examination by Lacordaire, and that he was unable to
determine the differences between Acrepis and Psoa, but it was quite
possible that Acrepis should be united either with Psoa or L'xopioides.
Horn (1878) stated that on the basis of the material before him Acre-
pis should be suppressed as a syhonym of Psoa.

KEY ‘TO THE SPECIESTOF (PSOA

Pronotum wider than long, usually widest at middle, subopaque, and densely
punctate; sides broadly rounded____________-_ maculata (LeConte), p. 16.
Pronotum not wider than long, widest along apical half, strongly shining,
and rather sparsely punctate; sides usually more strongly converging
posterionrlyiG. +: Awe eee kc) A a quadrisignata (Horn), p. 17.

PsoA MACULATA (LeConte)

Acrepis maculata LeConte, 1852, N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. Ann. 5: 213.

Psoa maculata Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17: 554, 555; 1886, Amer. Ent.
Soe. Proc. 13: pp. xv—xvi, fig. 1; Coquillett, 1892, Insect Life 4: 261; Lesne,
1896, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 99, 100-101, fig. 1A; Lintner, 1896, N. Y.
State Mus. Rpt. 49 (1895), p. 268: Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ocecas. Papers,
No. 8: 25, 184; Lesne, 1912, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 18: 404-409 ; 19138, ibid.
19: 271-275; 1938 in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 30; Anderson, 1939,
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 390, figs. 14,17 (larvae).

Psoa (Acrepis) cleroides Lesne, 1913, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 19: 273-275,
figs. 2-3; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 29; Belkin, 1940, Ent.
News 51: 198.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical; head and pronotum black, with a dis-
tinct purplish or greenish tinge; elytra bluish or greenish black, with
variable shaped yellow markings, rarely without yellowish markings;
beneath bluish, purplish, or greenish black, the posterior margins of
abdominal sternites yellowish, and the antennae, tarsi, and palpi red-
dish brown.

Head in front narrower than pronotum, moderately flattened,
coarsely, uniformly, confluently punctuate, rather densely clothed with
long and short, fine, erect hairs.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest near middle, moderately
convex; sides broadly, arcuately rounded, sometimes more strongly

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 17

converging posteriorly ; surface coarsely, uniformly, densely punctate,
rather densely clothed with long and short, fine, erect hairs.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum, arcuately declivens
near apices; sides parallel or slightly expanded posteriorly, separate!y.
broadly rounded at apices; surfaces finely, densely, uniformly pun -
tate, rather densely clothed with rather short, erect, whitish hairs.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate or reticulate, densely clot! ed
with long, semierect, whitish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite
broadly, deeply, arcuately emarginate at apex; second and third seve-
ments of anterior tarsi slightly expanded, and densely pubescent
beneath.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdem n>!
sternite rounded at the apex, the second : and third s segments of anteror
tarsi not expanded, or conspicuously pubescent beneath, and usus! Hy
with all the abdominal sternites uniformly reddish yellow.

Length 6-11 mm., width 2-3.5 mm.

Type locality —Of maculata, San Francisco, Calif.: type lost. Of
cleroides, San Diego, Calif.; type was in the Deutsches Entomologische
Museum in Berlin.

Distribution.—Southern California. A good series has been exam-
ined from Los Angeles County, all collected by D. W. Coquillett. A!so
recorded by Coquillett (1892) from Santa Barbara and by Horn (1852)
from San Francisco. Specimens of cleroides examined that were col-
lected by Coquillett in Los Angeles County and by J. C. Bridwell at
Berkeley.

Hosts.—Coquillett (1892) recorded the larvae and pupae in drv
apple limbs during October, also in dry prunings of grapevines and
rotten stems of Audibertia polystachya.

This species was described by LeConte (1852) from a single specimen
collected by himself at San Francisco, Calif., for which he erected his
new genus Acrepis. Unfortunately this specimen was lost at sea.
Horn (1886) redescribed maculata and figured the different elytral
markings. Lesne (1913) described cleroides from a single male in the
Deutsches Entomologische museum in Berlin, collected at San Diego,
Calif. This form is greenish black, the abdomen entirely reddish, and
each elytron with two small reddish spots, one basal and one near apex.
This form seems to be intermediate between maculata and quadrisig-
nata, having the wide pronotum of maculata and the elytral mar kings
of quadrisignata. Having more of the structural characters of mecu-
lata, it can be considered at most only an aberration of that species.

PsSOA QUADRISIGNATA (Horn)

Acrepis quadrisignata Horn, 1868, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 2 : 135-136.

Psoa quadrisignata Horn, 1878. Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 555; 1886, Amer. Ent.
Soe. Proce. 13: xvi, fig. 2; Blaisdell, 1892, Insect Life 5: 34; Lesne, 1896, Soc.
Ent. de France Ann. 65: 99-100, fig. 1B; Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad. Sci. Occas.
Papers, No. 8: 25, 134; Lesne, 1912, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 18: 404409,
figs. ; 1913, ibid. 19 : 271-275, fig. 1: 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., nt. 161.
p. 30; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Ab. Psoa (Acrepis) serguttata Lesne, 1906, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 79: 393-394,
fig. 1; 1912, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 18: 405, 206; 1913, Bul. 19: 272

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical; head and pronotum black, w ith a clis-
tinct purplish and greenish tinge; elytra varying from reddish yellow
with a few greenish or purp lish-black spots to greenish or purplish

842409—50——_2

18 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

black with a few reddish-yellow spots; body beneath greenish or

purplish black, the posterior margin of abdominal sternites yellowish,

and palpi and tarsi sometimes reddish brown.

Head slightly narrower than pronotum, moderately flattened,
coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate, densely clothed with long and
short, fine, erect hairs.

Pronotum quadrate, widest along apical half or at middle, mod-
erately convex; sides broadly, arcuately rounded or parallel anteriorly,
more strongly converging posteriorly; surface shining, coarsely, uni-
formly, rather sparsely punctate, rather densely clothed with long
and short, fine, erect hairs.

Elytra slightly wider than pronotum, arcuately declivous near
apices; sides parallel or slightly expanded posteriorly, separately,
broadly rounded at apex; surface densely, finely, rugosely punctate,
rather densely clothed with rather short, erect, whitish hairs.

Body beneath finely, densely, rugosely punctate, densely clothed
with long, semierect, whitish hairs; last visible adbominal sternite
broadly, deeply, arcuately emarginate at apex; second and third seg-
ments of anterior tarsi slightly expanded, and densely pubescent
beneath. |

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite broadly rounded at the apex, the second and third segments
of anterior tarsi not expanded, or conspicuously pubescent beneath,
and usually with all the abdominal sternites uniformly reddish yellow.

Length 4.6-9 mm., width 1.2-2.5 mm.

Type locality —Of quadrisignata, near San Francisco, Calif.; type
in the Ulke Collection in the Carnegie Museum, at Pittsburgh, Pa. Of
sexguttata, Mexico; type in the collection of René Oberthiir.

Distribution—From material examined:

CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles County (D. W. Coquillett). Los Gatos (Hubbard and
Schwarz). Mendocino County, May 1, 1919 (KE. R. Leach). Oakland, March
21, 1931 (E. C. Zimmerman). Blair’s Ranch, Redwood Creek, Humboldt
County, June 19, 1903 (H. S. Barber).

OrEGON: Hood River, May 19 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Corvallis, May 7, 1931.

WasuHincton: Moxee, April 29, 1943 (J. C. Dodge). Yakima, April 20-24, 1943
(EK. J. Newcomer).

It has been recorded by Horn (1878) from Mariposa County, by
Blaisdell (1892) from San Diego County, and by Lesne (1896, 1913)
from Sierra Nevada and Napa, Calif.

Host.—Grape canes. E. J. Newcomer reported that during the
early part of 1943 this species seriously damaged 75 percent of the
2-year-old grapes in various vineyards in Washington, killing back
almost to the ground the canes trained the previous year to be used
as the main leaders.

This species was described by Horn (1868) from a specimen col-
lected near San Francisco, Calif. Horn (1878) transferred the species
to Psoa and described a number of varieties based principally upon
the elytral markings without giving names to these varieties. In 1886
he figured the varieties.

Lesne (1906) described serguttata from a single female in the
René Oberthtir Collection, originally labeled Malasia, but this locality
label had been changed to Mexico. It seems that the locality is un-
certain, and since no Psoa have been recorded from Mexico this speci-
men may have been collected in California. This form has the elytra

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 19

reddish yellow, each elytron with three subrounded greenish-black
spots, and Lesne (1938) placed it as an aberration of quadrisignata.

The markings on the elytra of this species are quite variable and
do not seem even to represent stable aberrations or varieties. In a
large series of specimens collected in Los Angeles County by Coquillett
on the same date, all four named forms are represented (maculata,
gquadrisignata, cleroides, and sexguttata) .

It is very difficult to give any distinct characters for separating
maculata and quadrisignata on account of the variable elytral mark-
ings. In maculata the elytral markings have a tendency to become
vittate, whereas in guadrisignata the dark ground color gradually be-
comes smaller, leaving the elytra simply reddish yellow and more or
less spotted with blue. In quadrisignata the thorax is more nearly
ovate and more shining and convex than in maculata, resembling
some species of Polycaon, whereas in maculata it is more depressed and
resembles some of the Cleridae.

Subfamily ENDECATOMINAE

Endecatomini LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 3 (1): 207; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proce. 17: 540; LeConte and Horn, 1888, Smithsn. Inst.
Misc. Collect. 507 : 227.

Hendecatomidae Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut.,
Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 7, 28-25; Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Franc. pour l’Avanc. des
Sci., Cong. de Strasbourg (1920), p. 287; 1934, Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 39: 174;
1935, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Arch. (vol. du Tricent.) (ser. 6) 12: 4382-4383.

Hendecatominae Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 4-5.
This subfamily is represented by the genus H’'ndecatomus Mellhé.

Most early writers associated this subfamily or tribe with the Cisidae,

but Jacquelin-Duval (1859-1863) placed it in the family Lyctidae.

LeConte (1861) erected the tribe Endecatomini for E’ndecatomus

rugosus (Randall) and placed it in the family Bostrichidae, stating

that this tribe is a connecting link between the Anobiidae and

Bostrichidae. Lesne (1921, 1934, 1935) placed it as a subfamily of

the Bostrichidae. Forbes* stated that according to the wing folding

pattern it is a normal bostrichid and does not show any connections
with the Cisidae. Lesne (1935) stated that according to the sensory
pits on the antennae, buccal pieces, wings, tarsi, abdominal stigmae,
and male genitalia, Hndecatomus is very distinctly connected to the
Bostrichidae.

Genus ENDECATOMUS Mellie

Endecatomus Mellié, 1847, Rev. Zool. 10: 108-109; 1848, Soe. Ent. de France
Ann. (ser. 2) 6: 206-209, 213-218, pl. 9, figs. 1-8; Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna
Austriaca, Kafer, ed. 2, pp. Cl, 571; 1874, ed. 3, pt. 2, pp. 67-68.

Hendecatomus Bach, 1852, Kiiferf. v. 2, pt. 3, pp. 100, 108; Schaum, 1852, Cat.
Coleopt. Europae, ed. 4, p. 55; Dohrn, 1855, Cat. Coleopt. Europae, ed. 5, p. 56;
1856, ed. 6, p. 53; Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des Coléopt., v. 4, pp. 547, 549;
Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863 ; Genera Goléopt. Europe, v. 3, p. 235; Gemminger
and Harold, 1869, Cat. Coleopt., v. 6, p. 1795; Stein and Weise, 1877, Cat.
Coleopt. Europae, p. 110; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect.
Deut., Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 23-25, fig.; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17:
540-541; Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1883, Cat. Coleopt. Europae, p. 125;
LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Colleet. 507: 227; Marchal, 1888,
Feuille Jeunes Nat. 18 (208) : 50; Seidlitz, 1889, Fauna Baltica, Kiifer, ed. 2,

*ForBES, W. T. M. WING FOLDING PATTERNS OF COLEOPTERA. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
Jour. 34: 99 (fig. 75). 1926.

90 ~=MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

p. 117; 1889, Fauna Transylvanica, Kafer, pp. 117, 548; Zoufal, 1894, Wien.

Ent. Ztg. 13: 35, 42; Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1906, Cat. Coleopt. Huropae,

p. 349; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 98; Jakobsen, 1913, Kafer Russ-

land, v. 2, pp. 952-953; Lesne, 1934, Soe. Ent. de France Bul. 39: 174-175;

1935, Assoc. Nat. Loing, Bul. 18: 54, figs. 1-2 (publication not seen) ; 1935,

Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Arch. (vol. du Tricent.) (ser. 6) 12: 427-483; 1938,

in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 5.

Dictyalotus Redtenbacher, 1847, Fauna Austriaca, Kifer, p. 348.

The foregoing bibliography given for the genus is not complete,
as only the most important articles are cited, especially those dealing
with the American species.

Head slightly convex, partially covered by the prothorax; clypeus
strongly transverse, separated from front of head by a distinct trans-
verse depression; mentum transverse, triangular, deeply, broadly
emarginate in front; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, apical segments
oblong, acute at apices; labial palpi 3-segmented, slightly shorter than
maxillary palpi, apical segments oblong, acute at apices; mandibles
robust, arcuate, bidentate on inner margins; eyes round, slightly pro-
jecting. Antenna short, 11-segmented; first segment elongate, ex-
panded toward apex; second broadly oblong; third to fifth narrow,
shghtly elongate; sixth to eighth round, the eighth sometimes trans-
verse; ninth to eleventh much broader, forming a distinct club, the
ninth subtriangular or subrounded, tenth transverse, and eleventh
round. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded and distinctly margined.
Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, rounded pos-
teriorly. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slender or slightly
expanded toward apices, the anterior pair with a large arcuate spine
on inner margin at apices and a smaller spine on outer margins; tarsi
5-segmented; last segment of each as long as the preceding four seg-
ments united. Anterior coxae prominent, contiguous. Middle coxae
narrowly separated. Body cylindrical.

Genotype-—Of Endecatomus, Anobium reticulatum Herbst.
(Monobasic.) Of Dictyalotus, Anobiwm reticulatus Herbst.
(Monobasic. )

Endecatomus isa small genus comprised at present of four described
species—reticulatus Herbst found in Europe, dorsalis Mellié found in
Texas and the central part of the United States, rwgosus (Randall)
restricted to the eastern half of the United States and Canada, and
lanatus Lesne found in the Amour region of Asia.

Mellié (1847) divided the genus Cis into six genera, creat-
ing L’ndecatomus for a species from central Europe which Herbst had
described in 1793 under the name of Anobium reticulatum. During
the same year Redtenbacher (1847) erected the genus Dictyalotus for
Anobium reticulatus Herbst, placing it in the “Anobui”’. The following
year Melhé (1848) described the genus in great detail, figuring the
adult including various parts of the insect, with the following remarks:
“T erected the genus “’ndecatomus in 1847 for Anobium reticulatum
Herbst during March, and at the end of 1847, Redtenbacher erected
Dictyalotus for the same species, placing it in the Anobiidae after the
genera Anobeum and Ochina.”

Schaum (1852) emended Lndecatomus to Hendecatomus (this may
have been emended in a previous edition, which is not available) and
placed it in the family Cioidae. The original spelling has been used
by the American workers and is preferred by the present writer, but
most European workers use the emended name.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE eg

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ENDECATOMUS

Lateral margins of elytra with a row of straight, short, stiff, erect hairs;
arcuate hairs on disk of elytra short, recumbent, and ‘without a distinct
spur; seventh antennal segment transverse_______- dorsalis Mellié, p. 21.

Lateral margins of elytra with a row of long, arcuate hairs; arcuate hairs
on disk of elytra long, erect, with a distinct spur; seventh antennal segment
reund. of slishély, elongate. =< 2... 2228 =]. rugosus (Randall), p. 21.

ENDECATOMUS DORSALIS Mellié

Endecatomus dorsalis Mellié, 1848, a Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 6: 218; Mel-
sheimer, 1853, Cat. Coleopt. U. S., 85; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, Cat.
Coleopt., v. 6, p. 1795; Horn, 1878, oer Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 540; Lesne, 1935,
Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 40: 198 ; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 5.
Elongate (more than twice as long as wide), uniformly dark brown,

reddish brown or yellowish brown, with the palpi and antennal club

shghtly paler.

Head transversely depressed behind clypeus, coarsely, confluently
granulose or tuberculose, rather densely clothed with short, semierect,
yellowish hair; clypeus broadly truncate or feebly, arcu: ately emarg-
inate in front. Antenna short, extending to base of elytra, rather
densely clothed with short, semierect hairs; eighth segment slightly
transverse.

Pronotum strongly, irregularly convex, slightly wider at base than
at apex, widest behind middle; sides shghtly “flattened, strongly mar-
gined, oblique anteriorly, and br oadly rounded posteriorly, the margins
coarsely crenulate; atiterior margin strongly lobed at middle; base
broadly subtruncate; surface feebly, longitudinally depr essed at
middle, densely uniformly granulose or tuber culate, sparsely, irregu-
larly clothed with semierect, arcuate, yellowish hairs, which are denser
and straight along lateral margins.

Elytra at base subequal i in width to pronotum behind middle; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; disk strongly convex;
surface sparsely, coarsely, irregularly granulose, sparsely, irregularly
clothed with short, recumbent, arcuate, yellowish hairs on disk inter-
mixed with short, stiff, erect hairs toward apices, the arcuate hairs
without a distinct spur, and with a row of straight, stiff, erect hairs
along lateral margins.

Body beneath — finely, densely, uniformly granulose, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 4.5-5 mm., width 2 mm.

Type locality. —Texas; location of type not known to writer.

Distribution.—From material examined :

Texas: No locality, Linell Collection. Dallas (Hubbard and Schwarz).

Missourr: Cadet.
ILLINOIS: Southern part, May 16, 1891 (H. Soltau).

Host.—N ot recorded, but probably is some of the woody fungi.
Endecatomus dorsalis is usually more elongate than rugosus

ENDECATOMUS RUGOSUS (Randall)

Cis rugosus Dejean, 1835, Cat. Coléopt., ed. 3, p. 310 (nomen nudum) 21°36 ed. 5

rev., p. 8335 (nomen nudum) : See 1853, Cat. Cole pt: -U.ASs! koss:
Triphyllus rugosus Randall, 1838. Bosten Jour, Nat. H’st. 2: 26.
Endecatomus rugosus LeConte, 1861, Sm‘tbsn. Tnst.. Mise. Collect. 3 (38): 207:
Austin; 1875, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.-Proe. 17: 854; Lliern, 1878, Amer. Phil.

Soc. Proc. 17: 540-541; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 8S7-S88;

22 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Forbes, 1926, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 34: 99, fig. 75; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell)
Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; Brimley, 1988, Insects of North Carolina, p. 197.
Hendecatomus rugosus Gemminger and Harold, 1869, Cat. Coleopt., v. 6, p. 1795;
Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germaniea, v. 3, p. 98; Lesne, 1934, Soe. Ent. de France
Bul. 39: 174-175 ; 1935, ibid. 40: 197-199, fig. R; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.

Cat., pt. 161, p. 5.

Endecatomus reticulatus (not Herbst) Melsheimer, 1853, Cat. Coleopt. U. S., p.
85; Le Conte, 1854, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 7: 218; Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-
1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, pp. 168, 235, pl. 57, fig. 284; Horn, 1878,
Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17: 540-541 (part); Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of
Indiana, p. 887.

Hendecatomus reticulatus Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 18: 42 (part) ; Schilsky,
1900, in Ktister and Kraatz, Kiifer Huropas, v. 37, Nos. 37, 37a (part) ; Leonard,
1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; Lesne, 1934, Soc. Ent. de
France Bul. 39: 174-175 (part) ; 1935, ibid. 40: 197-199, fig. R’ (part) ; 1988, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 5 (part).

Elongate (twice as long as wide), uniformly dark brown to reddish
brown, strongly shining (when not covered with foreign matter),
the palpi and antennal club slightly paler.

Head transversely depressed behind clypeus, coarsely, confluently
granulose or tuberculose, rather densely clothed with short, sem1-
erect, yellowish hairs; clypeus broadly truncate or feebly, arcuately
emarginate in front. Antenna extending to base of elytra, rather
densely clothed with short, semierect, yellowish hairs; eighth segment
rounded.

Pronotum strongly, irregularly convex, slightly wider at base than
at apex, widest behind middle; sides shghtly flattened, strongly mar-
gined, oblique anteriorly, and broadly rounded posteriorly, the mar-
gins coarsely uniformly crenulate; anterior margin strongly lobed at
middle; base broadly subtruncate; surface feebly, longitudinally de-
pressed at middle, densely, uniformly granulose, the granules elevated
and distinctly separated, sparsely, irregularly clothed with erect, arcu-
ate, yellowish hairs, which are denser along lateral margins.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum behind middle; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; disk strongly convex,
sometimes with an obsolete longitudinal elevation on each elytron near
apical declivity and parallel with suture; surface sparsely, coarsely,
irregularly granulose, sparsely, irregularly clothed with long, erect,
arcuate, yellowish hairs, the hairs forming a dense fringe along lateral
margins, and each arcuate hair on disk having a distinct spur.

Body beneath finely, densely, uniformly granulose, rather densely
clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1.5-2.5 mm.

Type locality—Maine; type probably lost.

Distribution.—This species occurs everywhere in the region east of
the Rocky Mountains. Material has been examined from Delaware,
District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Long Island,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and
Manitoba.

Host.—Adults have been reared from the woody fungus, Polyporus
gilvus Schw. Blatchley (1910) records it on woody fungi beneath
bark of trees and shrubs and also at maple sap in spring.

5 Dejean (1835, 1836) listed this species under the genus Cis from

Amerique Boréale,” without giving any description. Randall (1838)

EMRCMrOn CCIM ayn. Ur

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 93

described the species from Maine, placing it in the genus Triphyllus,
but Melsheimer (1853) placed it in the genus Cis. LeConte (1854)
placed it in the genus Endecatomus as a synonym of reticulatus Herbst,
and was followed by Lacordaire (1857), Jacquelin-Duval (1859-
1863), Gemminger and Harold (1869), and Reitter (1911). Horn
(1878), recognizing that rugosus Randall was the species listed under
that name by Dejean but was not the species described as reticulatum
by Herbst, placed dorsalis Mellié as a synonym of rugosus Randall.
Specimens of dorsalis from Texas are quite distinct from specimens
of rugosus from Massachusetts and certainly represent a valid species.

Endecatomus reticulatus Herbst is listed in our catalogs, but there
is some doubt about this European species being found in North
America. There are no European specimens of this species in the
United States National Museum Collection, and specimens from North
America identified as this species do not exactly agree with the figure
and description given by Melhé (1848) for reticulatus,

Subfamily DINODERINAE

Dinoderinae Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: 96; 1897, ibid. 66: 319-350:
1899, ibid. (1898) 67: 438-489; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec. Ent. Ser. 18
(9): 3, 68 (larvae); Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp.
18-25; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388 (larvae).

Dinoderina Schilsky, 1899, in Kitister and Kraatz, Kifer Europe, v. 36, pp. ss—tt:
Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neerlandica, vy. 2, p. 209; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russ-
land, pt. 10, pp. 801-803.

Dinoderini Lesne, 1901, Abielle 30: 73, 77-84; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok. X: 1T;
Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 364.

Dinoderidae Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Franc. pour Avance. des Sci., Cong. de Strasbourg
(1920), p. 287; 1924, Bostrychides de l'Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 45,
47-49.

Psoidae (part) Béving and Craighead, 1931, Larvae of Coleoptera, p. 62.

This subfamily is composed of six genera as follows: Rhizoperthodes
Lesne, Rhyzopertha Stephens, Stephanopachys Waterhouse, ))inoderus
Stephens, Prostephanus Lesne, and Dinoderopsis Lesne, all of which
are represented in the United States except PRhizoperthodes and
Dinoderopsis.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF DINODERINAE

1. Clypeus at sides distinctly shorter than labrum; pronotum with lateral
mearpeins wel marked posteriorly 5 ser apis es eee me Ee
Clypeus at sides as long as, or longer than, labrum; pronotum without
lateral margins, or rarely marked posteriorly with a row of small
ULES TED Ee 2 3 ee i ay ee a ee 3

2. Second segment of antenna shorter than first; pronotum with smooth
lateral margins posteriorly, and posterior half of disk punctured;
BEnee i Granisvernc..- =. Dinoderus Stephens, p. 24.

Second segment of antenna subequal in length to first; pronotum with
crenulate lateral margins, and posterior half of disk with flattened
granules; scutellum quadrate____________ Rhyzopertha Stephens, p. 33.

3. Antennal funicle slender, clothed with long hairs, the apical segment of
antennal club as wide as, or wider than, preceding segment: pronotum
ogival in front; apical declivity of elytra abruptly declivous, with a
distinct subapical margin-_________________ Prostephanus Lesne, p. 36.

Antennal funicle robust, clothed with short hairs, the apical segment of
antennal club narrower than preceding segment; pronotum broadly
rounded in front; apical declivity of elytra regularly, arcuately convex,
without a distinct subapical margin_Stephanopachys Waterhouse, p. 42.

i)

24 MISC. PUBLICATION 698; U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Genus DINODERUS Stephens

Dinoderus Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, pp. 352-353;
Guérin-Ménéville, 1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p. xvii;
Thomson, 1859, Skandinaviens Coleopt., v. 1, p. 92; Horn., 1878, Amer. Phil.
Soe. Proc. 17: 541, 548-551 (part) ; LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst.
Muse. Coilect. 507: 228; Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (ser. 6) 1:
848-349: Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 35, 41-42; Lesne, 1898, Soc. itnt. de
France Ann. (1897) 66: 319, 321-331; Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz,
Kifer Europas, pt. 36, p. tt; Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 2; pp. 209,
210; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 78-81, pl. 1, fig. 11; Fauvel, 1904, Rev. d’Ent. 23:
156; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, pp. 301, 302; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer
Russland, pt. 10, p. 802; Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 364; Lesne,
19_4, Bostrychides de l Afrique Tropicale Krangaise, pp. 49, 59-74, figs. 37-42;
Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9) : 6-7; Beeson and Bhatia,
1937, Indian Forest Rec. New Ser., Ent. 2: 233-251, figs. 1-4; Lesne, 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 22—25. :

Patea Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66-67; Lesne, 1900, Soc. Ent. de

France Bul., p. 46.

Head strongly convex, nearly covered by prothorax and not visible
from above, front not produced into a lobe on each side of clypeus,
transversely depressed behind clypeus; clypeus strongly transverse,
broadly, arcuately emarginate in front, at sides shorter than labrum;
labrum broadiy rounded and ciliate in front; mentum strongly trans-
verse, truncate in front; maxillary palpi longer than labial palpi,
apical segments long, cultiform; labial palpi with apical segments
elongate, acute at apices; mandibles robust, with a triangular tooth
on inner margin near middle; eyes strongly projecting, transverse,
oblong, abruptly deflexed posteriorly. Antenna 10- or 11- segmented;
first and second segments robust, second shorter than first; third to
seventh or eighth narrower, more or less transverse, subequal in
length; last three segments forming a large loose club, first two seg-
ments of club triangular, apical segment cblong, and broadly rounded
at apex. Pronotum subglobose, subequal in length and width, broadly
rounded in front, rugose and tuberculate in front, granulose or punc-
tate on basal half; sides rounded, distinctly margined posteriorly.
Scutellum small, transverse, rectangular. Elytra strongly convex,
regularly declivous posteriorly, irregularly punctate. Legs short,
subequal in length; tibia shghtly expanded toward apices, dentate
on exterior margin, anterior pair with an arcuate spine at apices;
posterior tarsi shorter than tibiae, last segment of each as long as the
preceding four segments united. Anterior and middle coxae con-
tiguous. Body moderately elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—Of Dinoderus, Dinoderus ocellaris Stephens. Of
Patea, Dinoderus brevis Horn. (Monobasic.)

This genus is of Oriental origin, but many of the species have been
distributed to all parts of the world in commerce.

Stephens (1830) erected Dinoderus for Apate substriatus Paykull
(identification queried) and Dinoderus ocellaris, new species. His
identification of substriatus is not the species described by Paykull
under that name, and according to Article 30, section B, of the Tae

national Code, “Species which were species inquirendae from the
standpoint of the author of the generic name at the time of its pub-
lication” are excluded from consideration in determining the types
of genera. This leaves only Pinoderus ocellaris Stephens available
as the genotype of Dinoderus.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE WAX

Guérin-Ménéville (1845) designated Apate elongatus Paykull, a
synonym of Stephanopachys linearis Kugelann, as the type of
Dinoderus Stephens. Thomson (1859) gave Apate substriatus Pay-
kull as the type of Dinoderus, but this is not the species included in the
original description of the genus by Stephens. Waterhouse (1888)
stated that there can be no doubt that Dinoderus substriatus Stephens
(not Paykull) is A pate minuta Fabricius from New Zealand, but most
unfortunately the type is no longer to be found in the Bauksian collec-
tion. Lesne (1898) recorded Apate minuta Fabricius as the type
of Dinoderus and not A pate substriatus Paykull. Casey (1898) erected
the genus Patea for Vinoderus brevis Horn because of its 11-
segmented antenna. Lesne (1901) placed Patea as a synonym of
Dinoderus. Wesne (1914) erected Dinoderastes as a new subgenus of
Dinoderus for three species having the first segment of the anterior
tarsus longer than either the third or fourth segments.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DINODERUS

1. First segment of anterior tarsus distinctly longer than either the third or
fmt seerarng YS is | eB ott japonicus Lesne, p. 25.
First segment of anterior tarsus not longer than the third or fourth
Rerape arses. Seepee se arbre... od Saree eee OP 8s ee A bo ss
Pe, Pine sce ineniged ps eS ett) et Cre eat
Pit ee MGC oS. eet oe a At. i vee ote
3. Lateral margins of pronotum extending to anterior row of rasps; basal
segments of antenna clothed with long fulvous hairs; elytra with sutural
margins of apical declivity elevated; large species, 4 mm.
pubicollis Van Dyke, p. 26.
Lateral margins of pronotum not extending to anterior row of rasps; basal
segments of antenna not clothed with long hairs; elytra with sutural
margins of apical declivity not elevated; small species, 3 mm.
brevis Horn, p. 27.
4. Pronotum distinctly bifoveolate; elytra with sutural margins on apical
Topmayemeircliewancd--) | RII Lt tae ben]
Pronotum not distinctly bifoveolate; elytra with sutura margins on apical
Mesuyiny-cteyance set isS)) | Fea ocellaris Stephens, p. 28.
Apical declivity of elytra ocellate-punctate____ minutus (Fabricius), p. 30.
Apical declivity of elytra areolate-punctate__bifoveolatus (Wollaston), p. 32

He CO DD

Qn

or

DINODERUS JAPONICUS Lesne

Dinoderus japonicus Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 170 (separate
p. 2) ; 1898, ibid. (1897) 66: 322, 326-327; 1901, Abeille 30: 79-80; 1906, ibid. 30:
282; 1914, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., pp. 243-245; Froggatt, 1927, Forest In-
sects and Timber Borers, p. 97; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.

LL ae eee a
Dinoderus tsugae Matsumura, 1915, Dainippon Gaichtii Zensho (Recueil des

Borers du Japon), v. 2, p. 183, pl. 21, fig. 2 (mot seen) ; 1931, Nippon Koncht

Daizukan (Grand Atlas des Insects-du Japon), p. 174, fig. 362: Chaj6, 1936,

Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, Trans. 26: 408.

Brownish black, sometimes with a small, smooth, reddish basal spot
on each elytron, the labrum, palpi, antennae, and tarsi brownish or
reddish yellow.

Head coarsely, densely punctate; labrum and clypeus indistinctly
punctate, the latter clothed at sides with long, erect, yellowish hairs.
Antenna 11-segmented ; funicle sparsely clothed with short, erect, yel-
lowish hairs; antennal club densely clothed with short, recumbent,
yellowish hairs; first segment oblong, twice as long as wide; second
segment oval, shghtly narrower than first.

Pronotum strongly convex, widest near basal third, without foveae
near base; sides broadly rounded, more obliquely anteriorly, lateral

26 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

margins sometimes extending to anterior row of teeth ; surface sparsely
clothed with short, semierect, yellowish hairs, which are longer to-
ward margins, basal half coarsely, densely, but not confluently ocel-
late-punctate, the punctures fine and slightly asperate at middle,
apical half with concentric rows of broad, sharp, rasplike teeth, the
two median ones on anterior row contiguous at bases and longer than
lateral ones, the intervals between teeth finely, densely ocellate-punc-
tate.

Elytra twice as long as pronotum; sides slightly expanded pos-
teriorly; sutural margins on apical declivity slightly elevated; sur-
face sparsely clothed with short, erect, rather stiff, yellowish hairs,
densely, coarsely, uniformly ocellate-punctate, the punctures dis-
tinctly separated on apical declivity, intervals finely, densely granu-
lose.

Body beneath densely, finely granulose, rather densely clothed with
long, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment of anterior tarsus dis-
tinctly longer than either the third or fourth segment, and clothed
with long hairs.

Length 3-4 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm. ;

Type locality —Japan, no definite locality ; type in Paris Museum.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded from Japan, China,
and Australia. Specimens have been examined from bamboo, which
was intercepted at the following localities:

Arizona: Tucson, March 20, 1939 (L. P. Wehrle).
CALIFORNIA: San Jose, October 10, 1914 (G. B. Howard).
GroRGIA: Savannah, August 2, 1937.

ILLINOIS: Urbana, February 8, 1933 (Mohr and Waldron).
MAINE: Augusta, January 12, 1932 (H. P. Peirson).

MAsSAcHUSETTS: Melrose Highlands, April 6, 1923.
Missouri: St. Louis, July 25, 1942 (B. D. Brayton).

Host.—Bamboo.

Lesne (1895) described this species from a unique specimen in the
Paris Museum without mentioning the number of segments in the
antenna. In 1898 he placed it with the species having 10 segments in
the antenna, but in 1914 placed it in his new subgenus Dinoderastes,
stating that the antenna was composed of 11 segments. Matsumura
(1915) described a species of this genus from Japan under the name
of tsugae, but Chijo (1936), after examining the type, placed it as a
synonym of japonicus Lesne.

DINODERUS PUBICOLLIS Van Dyke

Dinoderus pubicollis Van Dyke, 1923, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 18: 45-46; Lesne,
1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 25.

Since the writer has not examined the type of pudicollis, and the
species is placed in the key solely upon the characters given in the
original description, it seems advisable to include the following copy
of the original description :

Cylindrical, moderately short, somewhat shining, piceous, antennae rufous and
tarsi rufo-castaneous. Head with long fulvous hairs about mouth-parts and
on basal joints of antennae, regularly rather closely and deeply punctate and
strigose posteriorly ; the antennae eleven-jointed, the first joint large, the second
almost spherical and narrower and about one-half length of first, the first and
second joints of club transverse, the last about as long as broad. Prothorax as
broad as long, the anterior half with six concentric rows of sharp rasplike
teeth, the individual teeth more or less united and more prominent in front,

LET LAL FA

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 27

the area between the rows rather finely, closely and ocellately punctate and
pilose, the hairs fulvous and semierect, the posterior half distinctly and mod-
erately, closely punctate with ocellate punctures, the punctures somewhat larger
than in front and slightly asperate on disk, the sides with long fulvous hair,
the lateral margin distinct and just reaching the end of the anterior row of
rasps, the hind angles well rounded. Elytra Slightly less than twice as long
as prothorax and not quite twice so long as wide; coarsely, moderately densely,
regularly and ocellately punctured, the punctures larger than on pronotum and
with slight tendency to form rows near suture; the surface sparsely clothed
with short erect fulvous setae, more numerous on declivity, the suture slightly
elevated on declivity and with faint sulci on either side; the lateral margin at
first obliquely curving away from the base, then horizontal at middle and again
gradually and obliquely curved downwards to the apex. Beneath rather finely,
sparsely punctate anteriorly, more finely and closely on the abdomen, subopaque,
and pilose. Length 4mm., breadth 1.5 mm.

This species differs from D. brevis Horn, the only other species from this
country in the genus as it is now restricted by Lesne by being considerably
larger, proportionally longer, with eleven-jointed antennae instead of ten, by
having the lateral margin of the prothorax reaching the first row of rasps, the
prothorax more distinctly pilose anteriorly and laterally, and by having the
lateral margin of the elytra obliquely retreating from the base and forming an
angle where it meets it, the sides of the elytra near the base therefore narrower.
Its only close relative is apparently D. nitidus Lesne from the Marquis Is., a
species which possesses also eleven-jointed antennae and has the lateral thoracic
margin reaching the anterior rasps. It, however, differs from this by possessing
an aural pilosity, ocellate punctures on both head and prothorax, and a distinct
pubescence of the sides of the prothorax. It can not be the unrecognized D.
ocellaris Steph. either, for the elytral punctures are not ‘disposed in striae’ and
the antennae piceous.

Type and nine paratypes in my collection, all collected by myself at Los Angeles,
California. They were secured many years ago and, as I remember it, dug out
of some mesquite cord wood stored in our cellar for fire wood. Just where the
wood was cut, I could not say. ;

DINODERUS BREVIS Horn

Dinoderus brevis Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17 : 549, 550-551 ; Anonymous,
1894, Insect Life 6: 274; Chittenden, 1895, Insect Life 7: 327-328; Lesne, 1896,
Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334; 1897, Bul., p. 147; 1898, Soc. Ent. de France
Ann. (1897) 66: 323, 331, figs. 11, 19; 1899, Mus. Civ. Genova, Ann. (ser. 2)
(1898) 19: 630; 1904, Abeille 30: 154; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10,
p. 802; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 148-144; Runner, 1919, U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bul. 737, p. 29; Lesne, 1926, Treubia 7: 118-119; Beeson and Bhatia,
1937, Indian Forest Rec., New Ser., Ent. 2: 225, 228, 2383-253, 309-320, fig. 2;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 23; Belkin, 1940, Ent.
News 51: 193 ; Boyd, 1944, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 52 : 200.

Reddish brown, pronotum usually darker, the palpi, tarsi, and
antennal club brownish yellow.

Head coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate; labrum and clypeus
sparsely punctate, the latter sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous,
erect hairs. Antenna 11-segmented; funicle sparsely clothed with
short, erect, yellowish hairs; antennal club densely clothed with short,
recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment oblong; second segment
oval, as wide as first.

Pronotum strongly convex, widest at basal fourth, distinctly bi-
foveolate near base; sides broadly rounded, more obliquely anteriorly,
lateral margins not extending to anterior row of teeth; surface sparsely
clothed with very short, inconspicuous hairs, basal half finely ocellate-
punctate, more coarsely, distantly toward sides, apical half with con-
centric rows of broad, rasplike teeth, which are more prominent ante-
riorly, and acutely rounded at apices with the two median teeth
widely separated along anterior margin, the intervals between teeth
obsoletely ocellate-punctate.

28 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Elytra cne and one-half times as long as pronotum; sides parallel ;
sutural margins not elevated on apical declivity; surface sparsely
clothed with short, erect, rather stiff, yellowish hairs, coarsely, densely,
uniformly ocellate-punctate, the punctures on apical declivity dis-
tinctly separated, intervals not distinctly granulose.

Body beneath densely, finely granulose, shallowly, obsoletely punc-
tate, sparsely clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish
hairs; first segment of anterior tarsus not longer than the third or
fourth segment.

Length 2.6-3 mm., width 1-1.5 mi.

Type locality—New Orleans, La.; type in Horn Collection in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—This is the common bamboo borer in-India. It has
been recorded from Indo-China, Siam, Borneo, Malasia, India, China,
Burma, Malay Peninsula, Philippine Islands, Sunda Islands, and
Jamaica. Specimens have been examined from India, China, Burma,
and the Philippine Islands. Specimens have been intercepted in
bamboo at the following localities:

District oF COLUMBIA: Washington.

MINNESOTA: St. Paul.

NrEw JERSEY: Hoboken; Trenton.

TrExas: Galveston.
WASHINGTON: Seattle.

/Tosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) stated that this species primarily
breeds in bamboos, and the food plants of the larvae are restricted to
bamboos and canes. It has been recorded in the literature as attack-
ing the following host plants: Albtzzta odoratissima, Atrocarpus hir-
suta, Balanites roxburghii, Butea frondosa, Ficus bengalensis, Lannea
grandis, Mangifera indica, Pinus kharya (bark on logs), Shorea ro-
busta, Sonneratia apetala, Sterculia campanulata, Bambusa poly-
morpha, B. arundinacea, Dendrocalamus strictus, and Tectona grandis.

Horn (1878) described this species from adults emerging from the
bamboo handle of a Japanese fan. Stebbing (1914) recorded this
species as infesting the bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) in the roofs
of bungalows in India, and also the Sal (Shorea robusta) posts used
in supporting the bungalow roofs.

DINODERUS OCELLARIS Stephens

Dinoderus ocellaris Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, p. 352;
Westwood, 1839, Introduction to the Classification of Insects, v. 1, p. 278; Lesne,
1898, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 331; 1905, Abeille 30: 249; Jakobson,
1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, p. 802; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec. Ent.
Ser. 18: 8 (larva) ; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. New. Ser.,
Innt. 2: 225, 229, 233-251, 255-256, 309-319, fig. 2; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.),
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 25.

Dinoderus pilifrons Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 170 (Separate
p. 2); 1897, Soe. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 18; 1898, Soe. Ent. de France Ann.
(1897), 66: 322, 327, figs. 16, 20a; 1899, Mus. Civ. Genova Ann. (1898) (ser. 2)
19: 629, 637-638 ; Donisthorpe, 1900, Ent. Ree. and Jour. Variation 12: 16-18;
Stebbing, 1903, Notes on Insects that Affect Forestry (India), No. 2, pp. 168-171,
pl. 8, figs. la-b; Lesne, 1904, Abeille 30: 154; 1905, ibid. 30: 249; Lefroy, 1909,
Indian Insect Life, p. 316; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 4, 14,
130-133, 186, 188, figs. 89-90; Cann, 1935, Indian Forester 61: 165; Lesne, 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 25.

Reddish brown, the labrum, palpi, antennae, legs and abdomen in
part, brownish yellow.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 29

Head coarsely, densely punctate on vertex, nearly smooth behind
clypeus; clypeus sparsely punctate, rather densely clothed with long,
erect hairs, especially toward sides; labrum not distinctly punctate.
Antennae 10-segmented; funicle sparsely clothed with long, erect,
yellowish hairs; antennal club densely clothed with short, recumbent,
yellowish hairs; first segment elongate, arcuate, flattened, twice as
long as wide; second segment oval, much narrower than first.

Pronotum strongly convex, widest near middle, without distinct
foveae near base; sides broadly rounded, lateral margins not extend-
ing to anterior row of teeth; surface sparsely clothed with short, in-
conspicuous, erect hairs, the hairs longer toward sides, basal half
finely, but not distinctly ocellate-punctate, the intervals finely, obso-
letely granulose, apical half with concentric rows of broad, rasplike
teeth, these more prominent anteriorly, acutely rounded at apices, and
sometimes contiguous at bases along anterior margin, the intervals
between teeth finely, obsoletely ocellate-punctate.

Elytra twice as long as pronotum; sides slightly expanded pos-
teriorly; sutural margins distinctly elevated on apical declivity; sur-
face rather densely clothed with short, erect, rather stiff, yellowish
hairs, the hairs fine and very short on disk, coarsely, densely, uni-
formly ocellate-punctate on disk, confluently areolate-punctate on
apical declivity, intervals obsoletely granulose.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose and shallowly punctate,
sparsely clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs:
first segment of anterior tarsus not longer than the third or fourth
segment.

Length 3-4 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm.

Type locality —Oft ocellaris, Little Chelsea, England; type in the
Oxford University Museum. Of pilifrons, Hindostan; type in the
Paris Museum.

Distribution.—This is one of the common bamboo borers of northern
India. It has been recorded from all parts of India, and from Ceylon,
Indo-China, Hindostan, Celebes, New Guinea, Philippines, and the
Sunda Islands. Specimens have been examined from India and the
Philippines. Specimens have been intercepted in bamboo at the fol-
lowing localities:

LovuIsiANA: New Orleans.
NEw YorK: New York.
OREGON : Portland.

Texas: Houston.
WASHINGTON: Seattle.

Hosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded that the normal breed-
ing material is bamboo and ail authentie records showed that the
larvae are restricted to the bamboos. The adults have been recorded
as attacking Dendrocalamus strictus, Oxytenanthera nigrociliata,
Ficus bengalensis, Grewia tiliaefolia, Pinus kharya (bark), P. longi-
folia, Shorea robusta, Sterculia urens, Tamarix dioica, Tectona
grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, and Dipterocarpus alatus.

Stephens (1830) described ocellaris from a single specimen, from
the Westwood Collection, found floating in a cup of coffee. Lesne
(1895) described pilifrons from Hindostan and he (1898) stated that
ocellaris was unknown to him, but after having Poulton examine the
type of ocellaris, preserved in the Museum of the University of Oxford,
he (1905) placed his pélifrons as a synonym of ocellaris Stephens.

30 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

This species has been collected a number of times on the piers at
various ports in Europe, and the adults are numerous on packet
boats coming from the Orient. Cann (1935) recorded the adults mak-
ing galleries in the teak (TZectonia grandis) and gurjum (Dipterocar-
pus aiatus) timbers shipped from India to London, but that the
beetles made no attempt to breed in these woods, probably migrating
from infested bamboo on board the ships.

DINODERUS MINUTUS (Fabricius)

Apate minutus Fabricius, 1775, Systema Entomologiae, p. 54; 1781, Species In-
sectorum, v. 1, p. 62; 1787, Mantissa Insectorum, y. 1, p. 33; 1792, Entomologia
Systematica, v. 1. pt. 2, p. 363; Herbst, 1793, Natursystem Insekten, Kifer,
v. 5, p. 78; Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 1, p. 383; Boisduval,
1835, Voyage de ]’Astrolabe, pt. 2, p. 461.

Bostrichus minutus Olivier, 1790, Encye. Méthodique, v. 5, pp. 107, 111; 1795,
Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 12a-b.

Dinoderus minutus Lesne, 1896, Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334; 1896, Ann. 65:
126, pl. 8, fig. 15; 1897, Soe. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 18; 1898, Soc. Ent. de France
Ann (1897) 66: 323, 329-330, figs. 12, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 27a; 1899, Mus. Civ.
Genova Ann. (1898) 19: 630; Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer
Europas, pt. 36, No. 97; Donisthorpe, 1900, Ent. Ree. and Jour. Variation 12:
16-18 ; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 70, 80, pl. 1, figs. 11, 15; Everts, 1901, Coleopt.
Neerlandica, v. 2, p. 210; Stebbing, 1903, Notes on Insects that Affect Forestry
(India), No. 2, pp. 172-173 ; Fauval, 1904, Rev. d’Ent. 23: 156-157; Lesne, 1904,
Abeille 30: 154; Stebbing, 1906, Notes on Insects that Affect Forestry (India),
No. 3, pp. 355-363, pl. 20, fig. 8, pl. 21, fig.; Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p.
316; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 302; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russ-
land, pt. 10, p. 802; Lesne, 1914, Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 242, fig. 1; Steb-
bing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 4, 14, 18, 19, 183-148, 186, 188, 355, pl. 9,
figs. a-d; D’Emmerez, 1915, Mauritius Dept. Agr. Sci. Ser. Bul. No. 2, p. 7,
pl. 1, figs. 1, 3; Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 364; Lesne, 1924,
Bostrichides de lAfrique Tropicale Franeaise, pp. 61, 64-68, figs. 7, 8, 18, 38;
1926, Treubia 7: 118; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec. Ent. Ser 18 (9): 8
(larva) ; Miller, 1934, Straits Settlements and Fed. Malay States, Dept. Agr.,
Sci. Ser. No. 14, pp. 1, 2, 5, 9, 21-23, pl. 1, figs. 12-15; Knull, 1984, Ent. News
45: 209; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. New Ser., Ent. 2: 225,
229, 233-251, 254-255, 309-320; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.
161, p. 24; Back and Cotton, 1938, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1260 (revised),
p. 8; Lesne, 1939, Rev. Franc. d’ Ent. 6: 91-94; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad.
Sci. Jour. 29: 388, figs. 3, 6 (larvae) ; Tooke and Scott, 1944, So. Africa Dept.
Agr. and Forestry Bul. 247 (Ent. Ser. 14), p. 7, fig. 4; Lever, 1945, Bul. Ent.
Res. 35: 374.

Dinoderus bifoveolatus Zoufal (not Wollaston), 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 41-42;
Chittenden, 1895, Insect Life 7: 327-328.

Dinoderus substriatus Stephens (not Paykull), 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibu-
lata, v. 8, pp. 352-3853; Waterhouse, 1888; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6)
1: 348-349.

Bostrichus vertens Walker, 1859, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 3) 3: 260.

Rhizopertha sicula Baudi, 1873, Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 17: 336-337 ; 1873, Mus. Civ.
Genova Ann. 4: 265.

Dinoderus japonicus Matsumura (not Lesne), 1915, Dainippon Gaichtii Zensho
(Recueil des Borers du Japon), v. 2, p. 184, pl. 28, fig. 12 (not seen) ; 1931,
Nippon Konchti Daizukan (Grand Atlas des Insects du Japon), p. 174, fig. 361;
Chij6, 1936, Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa Trans. 26: 408.

Reddish brown to brownish black, sometimes elytra more reddish
than rest of dorsal surface; labrum, palpi, antennal club, and tarsi
usually brownish yellow.

Head coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate; labrum and clypeus
indistinctly punctate, the latter sparsely clothed with short, inconspic-
uous, erect hairs. Antenna, 10-segmented; funicle sparsely clothed
with short, erect, yellowish hairs; antennal club densely clothed with

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 31

short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment oblong, twice as long as
wide; second segment oval, as wide as first. 1

Pronotum strongly convex, widest at basal third, distinctly bifoveo-
late near base; sides broadly rounded, more obliquely so anteriorly, the
lateral margins not extending to anterior row of teeth; surface sparsely
clothed with short, semierect hairs, basal half granulose on medium
part, coarsely, rather densely but not confluently, ocellate-punctate at
sides, apical half with concentric rows of broad, rasplike teeth, which
are more prominent anteriorly, acutely rounded at apices, and dis-
tinctly separated at bases along anterior margin, intervals between
teeth obsoletely ocellate-punctate.

Elytra one and one-half times as long as pronotum; sides parallel ;
sutural margins not elevated on apical declivity ; surface rather densely
clothed with short, erect, rather stiff, yellowish hairs, the hairs sparser
and finer on disk, coarsely, shallowly, more or less confluently ocellate-
punctate on disk, the punctures distinctly separated on apical declivity,
intervals not distinctly granulose.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose, and shallowly punctate,
sparsely clothed with rather short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first
segment of anterior tarsus not longer than the third or fourth segment.

Length 2.6-3.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Ot minuta, New Zealand; type probably lost. Of
vertens, Ceylon. Of sicula, Sicily. Of japonicus, Japan. The present
locations of the types of vertens, sicula, and japonicus are unknown to
the writer.

Distribution.—This is the most common species of Dinoderus. It is
cosmopolitan throughout the tropical regions, but has been carried in
commerce to all parts of the Temperate Zones. It has been intercepted
many times in various parts of the United States, and will be found
breeding wherever dry bamboo is stored.

Hosts.—This species prefers the wood of bamboo, principally in the
genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys. According to authentic
records the host plants of the larvae are restricted to bamboos and
canes. The adults attack many kinds of timber, plants, and vegetable
products. The adults have been recorded by Beeson and Bhatia
(1987) as attacking Dendrocalamus giganteus, D. strictus, Oxyten-
anthera nigrociliate, Phyllostachys sp., Albizzia stipulata, Bambusa
arundinacea, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, and Melia azedarach in
India; Bombax malabaricum (stacked planks), Camellia thea, Vateria
indica (logs), and Warmia triquetra (logs) in Ceylon; in Erythrina
indica and maize in Mauritius and Java; Persea gratissima (bark and
seeds) in Zanzibar; Pinus kharya (bark) in India; Potnciana elata
(wood) in Madras; Shorea robusta (wood) in United Provinces;
Smilax borbonica (dry roots) in Reunion Islands; Spondias mangifera
and Tectona grandis (timber) in Burma; tobacco (baled) in Java
and Sumatra; and Thespesia populnea (wood) in Bombay. Miller
(1934) recorded the species in the Malay Peninsula as attacking rubber
(Hevea brasiliensis), guava (Psidiwm guajava), cinnamon (Cinna-
momum zeylandicum), Indigofera anil, Cashew nut (Anacardium
occidentale), Durian (Durio zibethius), Nephelium lappaceum, and
Crotalaria anagyroides.

The adults are also recorded as attacking sugarcane, dried sweet-
potatoes, rice, banana preparations, and is frequently found breeding

32 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

in rattan articles and wooden packing cases. Miller (1984) stated
that this species is the most important pest of maize in Mauritius and
in Zanzibar. This species reduces all structures built of bamboo to
dust in a few years. It has been intercepted in Arundo donax and
Merostachys racimafiora from Mexico.

Fabricius (1775) described this species from a specimen in the Banks
Collection from New Zealand. Stephens (1830) misidentified this
species as substriatus Paykull from a specimen collected in England
and placed it in his genus Yinoderus. Waterhouse (1888) stated that,
after examining the specimen identified as substriatus by Stephens,
there could be no doubt that it is A pate minuta Fabricius, from New
Zealand, but most unfortunately the type of mnuta is no longer to be
found in the Banks Collection. Walker (1859) described wertens from
Ceylon. Baudi (1873) described PRhizopertha sicula from Sicily.
Matsumura (1915) described this species as japonicus (not Lesne).
Lesne (1898) placed substriatus Steph. (not Payk.), siculus Baudi, and
bifoveolatus Zoufal (not Wolls.) as synonyms of minutus F. and
he (1938) also included vertens Walker and japonicus Matsum. (not
Lesne) as synonyms of this species.

DINODERUS BIFOVEOLATUS (Wollaston)

Rhizopertha bifoveolata Wollaston, 1858, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 3) 2: 409-
410; 1865, Coleopt. Atlantidum, p. 232, app. p. 39; 1867, Coleopt. Hesperidum,
pp. 110-111; Gorham, 1898, Zool. Soe. London, Proc., pp. 329-330, pl. 27, fig. 9.

Dinoderus bifoveolatus Lesne, 1898, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 323, 328—
329; 1899, Mus. Civ. Genova, Ann. (1898) (ser. 2) 19: 630; Donisthorpe, 1900,
Ent. Rec. and Jour. Variation 12: 16-18; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 79-80, pl. 1,
fig. 16; Fauvel, 1904, Rev. d’Ent. 28: 156; Reitter, 1911, fauna Germanica,
v. 3, p. 302; Jakobson, 1918, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, p. 802; Everts, 1922,
Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 864; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de lAfrique
Tropicale Francaise, pp. 62, 72-74, fig. 42; Miller, 1984, Straits Settlements
and Fed. Malay States, Dept. Agr. Sci. Ser. No. 14, pp. 1-2, 24, pl. 2, fig. 11;
Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. New Ser., Ent. 2: 225, 228, 251-252,
309-315 ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 23.

Dinoderus perpunctatus Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 66: 170 (separate
p. 2) ; 1897, Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 147.

Reddish brown, clypeus, labrum, palpi, antennae, legs, and some-
times base of elytra, shghtly paler.

Head coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate, smooth behind clypeus;
labrum and clypeus not distinctly punctate, the latter sparsely clothed
with long, erect hairs. Antenna 10-segmented; funicle sparsely clothed
with short, erect, yellowish hairs; antennal club densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment cbiong, twice as long
as wide; second segment oval, as wide as first.

Pronotum strongly convex, widest at basal fourth, bifoveolate near
base; sides broadly rounded, more obliquely anteriorly, the lateral
margins not extending to anterior row of teeth; surface sparsely
clothed with short, inconspicuous, erect hairs on median part, the hairs
longer and more distinct toward margins, basal half coarsely ocellate-
punctate, separated at sides and more or less confluent at middle, apical
half with concentric rows of broad, broadly rounded, rasplike teeth,
which are more prominent anteriorly, and contiguous at bases, form-
ing a crenulate ridge along anterior margin, the intervals between
teeth densely ocellate-punctate.

Elytra nearly twice as long as pronotum; sides parallel; sutural
margins not elevated on apical declivity ; surface sparsely clothed with

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 33

short, erect, rather stiff, yellowish hairs on apical declivity, nearly
glabrous, and coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate on disk, densely
areolate-punctate on apical declivity, intervals smooth.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose and shallowly punctate,
sparsely clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs;
first segment of anterior tarsus not longer than the third or fourth
segment.

ength 2.4-2.7 mm., width 1-1.2 mm. © :

Type locality —Of bifoveolatus, Madeira Islands; present location
of type unknown to writer. Of perpunctatus, tropical regions (no
definite locality given) ; types in the Paris and Brussels Museums.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded from all parts of the
world. It is cosmopolitan in the tropical regions, but is distributed to
the colder regions in commerce. Specimens have been examined from
many places in the United States, where it has been intercepted in
roots of derris, barbasco, cube, Jalapa, and Huira-Huira, and in
wooden packing cases. It will probably be found wherever these roots
are stored, but so far has not been reported infesting grains or cereal
products in the United States.

Hosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded this species in Arto-
carpus hirsuta, Kydia calycina, and Mangifera indica, and stated that
it is a wood borer, and in Africa bores into canes and palm leaves used
for making baskets and cases. Lesne (1924) recorded this species
living in woody tissues, such as the stalks of Calamus used for making
baskets in New Guinea. It also lives in the ribs of leaves of the
Sago trees used in the construction of dwellings in Africa, and is
found burrowing in the dry roots of Manioc and yam. It is also
found in meals, principally yam, palm, and wheat. Miller (1934)
recorded it as being a well-known pest of grain.

Wollaston (1858) described bzfoveolatus from eight specimens col-
lected at Funchal, in the Madeira Islands, in a barrel of flour, which
had remained about a year in the customhouse and had become spoiled.
Lesne (1895) described perpunctatus from the tropical regions, but
later (1898) placed it as a synonym of bzfoveolatus.

Genus RHYZOPERTHA Stephens

Rhyzopertha Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, p. 354; Wollaston,
1854, Ins. Maderensia, pp. 286-288; Linsley, 1934, Jour. Econ. Ent. 36: 126.

Rhizopertha Guérin-Ménéville, 1945, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul., p.
xvii; Agassiz, 1846, Nomenclator Zoologicus, pt. 11, Coleoptera p. 142; Lacor-
daire, 1857, Genera des Coléopt., v. 4, pp. 534, 541-542: Redtenbacher, 1858,
Fauna Austriaca, Kafer (ed. 2), pp. Cl., 570; Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863,
Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, pp. 231-233, pl. 57, fig. 281; LeConte, 1861,
Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 3 (1) : 208; Redtenbacher, 1874, Fauna Austriaca,
Kafer (ed. 3), pt. 1, p. cxii, pt. 2, pp. 66-67; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson,
Nat. Ins. Deutsch. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 40-41; Seidlitz, 1889, Fauna Trans-
sylvanica, Kaefer, pp. 117, 530; 1889, Fauna Baltica, Kaefer, pp. 117, 496;
Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 35, 41; Lesne, 1897, Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
66: 319, 332-333; Schilsky, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kiifer Europas, 36: tt;
Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 78-81, fig. 12; Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 2,
p. 210; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, vy. 3, pp. 301, 302; Jakobson, 1913 ; Kifer
Russland, pt. 10, p. 802: Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de l'Afrique Tropicale
Frangaise, pp. 49-59; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 18—19.

Head slightly convex, partially covered by prothorax, not visible
from above, the front not produced into a lobe on each side of clypeus;
clypeus strongly transverse, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front,

842409—50-——_3

34 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

at sides shorter than labrum; labrum broadly rounded or subtruncate,
and ciliate in front; mentum transverse, broadly rounded in front;
maxillary palpi slightly longer than labial palpi, apical segment of
each long, subfusiform, acute at apex; apical segment of labial palpus
shghtly shorter than maxillary; mandibles robust, acute at apices,
broadly toothed on inner margins near apices; eyes slightly projecting,
transverse, oblong. Antenna short, 10-segmented; first and second
seoments robust, rounded, subequal in length; third to seventh narrow,
very small, subequal in length; eighth to tenth segments forming a
large, loose club, the segments broad, eighth and ninth more or less
triangular, the tenth oblong. Pronotum subglobose, subequal in length
and width, rugose and tuberculate anteriorly, with flattened granules
on posterior part; sides rounded, at most only slightly margined near
posterior angles. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra elongate,
strongly convex, stria-punctate, obliquely declivous posteriorly. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibiae slightly expanded toward apices,
dentate on exterior margins, anterior pair with an arcuate spine at
apices; posterior tarsi shorter than tibiae, apical segment as long as
preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle
coxae very narrowly separated. Body elongate, cylindrical.

GenotypeSynodendron pusillum Fabricius. (Monobasic.)

Rhyzopertha is the original spelling for this genus with Synoden-
dron pusillum Fabricius as the monobasic genotype. Guérin-Méné-
ville (1845) and Agassiz (1846) emended Rhyzopertha to Rhizopertha,
the latter name being used by nearly all writers after that date, but
the present writer prefers to use the original spelling.

RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA (Fabricius)

Synodendron dominicum Fabricius, 1792, Entomologie Systematica, v. 1, pt. 2,
pp. 359-360.

Synodendron pusillum Fabricius, 1798, Entomologie Systematica, Sup. p. 156.

Sinodendron dominicum Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 378.

Sinodendron pusillum Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 378.

Rhyzopertha pusilla Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, p. 354;
Wollaston, 1854, Ins. Maderensia, pp. 287-288; Chevrolat, 1861, Soc. Ent. de
France Ann. (ser. 4). 1: 392.

Rhizopertha pusilla Bach, 1852, Kiiferfauna fiir Nord und Mitteldeutschland, v. 2,
pt. 3, p. 118; Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, p. 167,
pl. 57, fig. 281; Fowler, 1890, Coleopt. Brit. Is. 4: 200-201, pl. 119, fig. 1.

Rhizopertha dominica Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334; 1897, Soe.
Ent. de France Ann, 66: 332-833, figs. 13, 21, 27b; Fauval, 1904, Rev. d’Ent.
238: 157; anonymous, 1908, U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, p. 579; Lefroy, 1909,
Indian Insect Life, p. 316; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 302, pl. 120,
fig. 10; Chittenden, 1911, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul. 96, pt. 3, pp. 29-47,
figs. 7-8; Morrill, 1917, Ariz. Comm. Agr. and Hort. Rpt. 9, p. 59; Chittenden,
1919, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 783, p. 9; Doane, 1919, Jour. Econ. Hnt. 12: 312;
Back and Cotton, 1922, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1260, pp. 10-13, figs.
11-12; Froggatt, 1927, Forest Insects and Timber Borers, p. 98; Leonard, 1928,
N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 416; Hoffman, 1933, Jour. Econ.
Ent. 26: 293-294; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec. Ent. Ser. 18 (9) : 6-7, pl. 3,
figs. 82-36; Schwardt, 1933, Kans. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 61-66; Fleury, 1933, Calif.
Dept. Agr. Spec. Pub. 119: 30; Stracener, 1934, Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 767-771;
Potter, 1985, Roy. Hnt. Soc. London Trans. 83 (4) : 449-482, figs. 1-25; Beeson
and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. New Ser., Ent. 2: 228, 282-284, 309-319;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 18-19; Anderson, 1939,
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388, fig. 5 (larvae) ; Crombie, 1941, Jour. Expt. Biol.
18: 62-79, fig. 1; Balzer, 1942, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1906, pp. 1-22,
figs. 1-15.

Dinoderus pusillus Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 549, 550; Riley, 1882,
Amer. Nat. 16: 747; Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2,

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 30

p. 217; Riley, 1894, Insect Life 6: 219; Chittenden, 1896, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div.
Ent. Tech. Ser. 4, p. 28; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 76; Blatchley, 1910,
Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 890, 891.

Ptinus piceus Marsham, 1802, Ent. Britannica, v. 1, Coleoptera, p. 88.

Ptinus fissicornis Marsham, 1802, Ent. Britannica, v. 1, Coleoptera, p. 82.

Apate rufa Hope, 1845, Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 4: 17.

Apate pusilla Fairmaire, 1850, Rev. Zool. (ser. 2) 2: 50-51.

Rhizopertha rufa Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6) 1: 349.

Many citations to the literature are listed, but only a few of the more
important ones are given.

Elongate, cylindrical, three times as long as wide, strongly shining,
uniformly dark reddish brown to brownish black, sometimes with legs,
antennae and palpi shghtly paler.

Head transversely depressed behind clypeus; vertex smooth, gla-
brous, shining; clypeus and labrum coarsely, shallowly punctate,
sparsely clothed with short, semierect, yellowish hairs. Antennal
funicle with a few erect hairs; antennal club densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near middle, broadly
rounded at apical and posterior angles; anterior margin strongly
rounded; base truncate; sides broadly rounded, shghtly margined near
posterior angles ; surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, in-
conspicuous hairs, anterior half with transversely arcuate rows of
obtusely rounded teeth, those near anterior margin forming a strongly
elevated, crenulate ridge, posterior half with large flattened granules.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum near middle; sides
parallel, conjointly rounded at apices; surface sparsely clothed with
short, semierect, arcuate, yellowish hairs, and with rows of coarse,
rather deep punctures, which are as wide as the intervals, and more or
less confluent on apical declivity.

Body beneath very sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellow-
ish hairs; abdomen sparsely, coarsely, shallowly punctate, last stern-
ite broadly rounded at apex; prosternum and mesosternum finely,
densely granulose.

Length 2-3 mm., width 0.6-1 mm.

Type localities —Of dominica, “America meridionali.” Of pusilla,
“India orientali.” Of piceus, Kast Indies. Of fissicornis, England.
Of rufa, Canton, China. The present locations of the types of do-
minica and pusilla are unknown to the writer, but the types of piceus,
jissicornis, and rufa are supposed to be in the British Museum.

Distribution.—This cosmopolitan species has been distributed by
commerce to all parts of the world. In the United States it will be
found wherever vegetable and grain products are stored. The original
home of Rhyzopertha dominica is uncertain, but is probably India or
the Malayan Region, as this area is considered to be the focus of a
large number of species of Bostrichidae.

Hosts —Rhyzopertha dominica is a pest of all kinds of stored grains
and of a wide variety of foods, chiefly cereals. Its habit of feeding
on stored grains and similar starchy products has rendered it of great
economic importance. This species has been reported feeding on
grains, including wheat, barley, rice, maize, millet, oats, sor ehum, and
ground products of these erains, and on chick peas, edible bulbs, white
lotus seeds, banana products, lentils, beans, army and ship biscuits,
stored drugs, dried potatoes, manioc, tapioca, arrow and turkey roots,
cork in insect boxes, and wood of casks.

36 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Beeson and Bhatia (1937) report adults reared in India from logs
of Abies webbiana, Alnus nitida, Artocarpus hirsuta, Bauhinia varie-
gata, Buchanania latifolia, Dalbergia sissoo, Dendrocalamus strictus,
Garugo pinnata, Heritiera formes, Mallotus philippinensis, Shorea
robusta, Sterculia campanulata, Terminalia tomentosa, Thespesia
populnea, and bamboo. Potter (1935) considers that this species origi-
nally fed solely on wood, probably living wood.

Genus PROSTEPHANUS Lesne

Prostephanus Lesne, 1898, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 320, 342-344;
1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt, Cat., pt. 161, p. 22.

Head strongly convex, partially covered by prothorax, not visible
from above, the front not produced into a lobe on each side of clypeus,
transversely depressed behind eyes, glabrous and shining on vertex;
clypeus strongly transverse, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front,
at sides as long as or longer than labrum; labrum subtruncate or
broadly rounded and ciliate in front; mentum long, transverse,
strongly lobed in front at middle; maxillary and labial palpi subequal
in length, densely pubescent, apical segment of maxillary palpus
elongate, acute at apex, apical segment of labial palpus oblong, nar-
rowly rounded at apex; mandibles robust, acute at apices, with a small
tooth at middle of inner and outer margins; eyes strongly projecting,
oblong, transverse. Antenna 10-segmented; funicle slender, sparsely
clothed with long hairs; first and second segments robust, subequal
in length; third and fourth elongate; fifth to seventh shorter and
shghtly wider; eighth to tenth segments forming a broad, loose club,
the segments subequal in length, and the tenth segment as wide as
or wider than ninth. Pronotum globose, length and width subequal,
ogival in front, tuberculate anteriorly, imbricate posteriorly; sides
rounded posteriorly, obliquely narrowed anteriorly, and not distinctly
margined, sometimes the margin indicated posteriorly by a row of
small tubercles. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex,
punctate, abruptly declivous posteriorly, the declivity strongly mar-
gined on each side posteriorly, sometimes with distinct tubercles. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibiae shghtly expanded toward apices,
dentate on exterior margins, anterior pair with large arcuate spine at
apices, posterior tarsi shorter than tibiae, apical segment of each as
long as the preceding four segments united. Anterior and middle
coxae contiguous. Body elongate, three times as long as wide, cylin-
drical.

Genotype.—A pate punctatus Say. (Present designation.)

Lesne erected this genus for Dinoderus truncatus Horn and A pate
punctatus Say, both from North America, and Xylopertha sulcicollis
Fairmaire and Germain from Chile, without designating any of the
species as the genotype.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROSTEPHANUS

iE SApical declivity (of elytrastuberculate 4s ee ee es ey Pygeee 2
Apicalideclivity-of elytra not:tuberculatemeses 2) 222.2 be. 22a ae 3

2. Apical declivity of elytra with one or two short, straight, more or less
distinct tubercles on each side, the surface with long, recumbent
hairge On Sa sr ee Pair eee do punctatus (Say), p. 37.

Apical declivity of elytra with a large recurved tubercle on each side,
the surface with short, inconspicuous, erect hairs
arizonicus, new species pp. 38.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 37

3. Hairs on elytra short, recurved, on anterior part of disk about as long
as the intervals between punctures; lateral margins of pronotum with

a row of distinct teeth near posterior angles__ truncatus (Horn), p. 39.
Hairs on elytra long, recurved, on anterior part of disk at least a de
as long as the intervals between punctures; lateral margins of
pronotum without, or at most with a row of indistinct teeth near
pesierion amples iit! Bars, 2) |) pe apax Lesne, p. 40.

PROSTEPHANUS PUNCTATUS (Say)

Apate punctatus Melsheimer, (1806), Catalogue of the Insects of Pennsylvania,

Dp. 7 (nomen nudum) ; Say, 1826, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 5: 258-259.
Dinoderus punctatus Horn, 1878, Amer. hers Soc. Proc. 17: 549, 550; Gorham,

1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., 3, pt. 2: 217; 1886, 3 (2) : 353; Packard, 1890,

U.S. Ent. Commr., Rpt. 5, p. 223 Cinsedes Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees) ;

Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 76; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana,

p. 890; Chittenden, 1911, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul. 96, pt. 3, p. 49.
Stephanopachys punctatus Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France 65, pl. 8, fig. 18; Leon

ard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Stat. Mem. 101: 415; Brimley, 1938, Insects

of North Carolina, p. 198.

Prostephanus punctatus Lesne, 1898, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 342,

343-344 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 22.

Dark reddish brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and
legs paler.

Head with front coarsely, irregularly punctate, sparsely clothed
with long, inconspicuous, semierect hairs, obliquely deflexed at an-
terior margin; clypeus flat, coarsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with long, inconspicuous, semierect hairs, with two to six
small, more or less distinct, tubercles along anterior margin. Antennal
club densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with a
few long, erect hairs intermixed, the segments transverse, oval.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near basal third, with
a vague, longitudinal groove at middle of disk; sides with a row of small
teeth on each side near posterior angles; surface sparsely clothed with
short, inconspicuous, recumbent hairs, densely, coarsely punctate at
sides, coarsely imbricate at middle on basal half, the imbrications broad
and broadly rounded at apices, and with transversely arcuate rows of
elevated teeth at middle on apical half, the teeth obtusely rounded at
apices and distinctly separated from one another, except the two
median ones on anterior margin, which are nearly contiguous.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum near basal third; sides
parallel, conjointly, broadly rounded at apices; surface coar sely,
densely, irregularly punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recurved,
yellowish hairs, which are about as long as intervals between the
punctures on anterior part of disk; apical declivity rather densely
clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with one or two more
or less distinct, small, erect tubercles on each side near top of declivity,
densely, coarsely, confluently punctate in females, nearly smooth and
finely, sparsely punctate along sutural margins in males.

Body beneath sparsely clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish
hairs; abdomen finely, indistinctly punctate, and finely, densely
eranulose.

Length 4-5 mm., width 1.5-1.7 mm.

Type locality.—None given, but probably York C ounty, Pa.

Since the type of this species is lost, the writer is designating a speci-
men in the United States National Museum, collected at Frankford,
Pa., July 9, by A. Schmidt, as the neotype.

38 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Distribution.—This species is widely distributed over the eastern
half of the United States. Specimens have been examined from the
District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, lowa, Kansas, Mary-
land, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsyl-
vania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. Gorham (1883, 1886)
lists it from Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Mexico, but it is possible that
it is a misidentification for truncatus Horn, which is very common in
Mexico and Centra! America.

Hosts.—This species has been reared from oak in North Carolina
and pecan in Georgia. Chittenden (1911) stated that this species
appears to confine itself to dead roots and stumps, and, so far as known,
has not attracted any attention by its presence indoors.

Melsheimer (1806) listed this species in his Catalogue of the Insects
of Pennsylvania without giving any description, but probably it was
collected in York County or near Philadelphia. Say (1826) described
the species without giving any locality, but citing the Melsheimer
Catalogue.

The tubercles on the apical declivity of the elytra are variable in
size and number. Usually there is a distinct tubercle on each elytron;
sometimes there are two very close together on each elytron, rarely
these are obsolete. The ones having the tubercles obsolete can be
separated from truncatus in having long, recumbent hairs on the apical
declivity. The sexes in this species can be easily separated by having
the apical declivity of the elytra coarsely, uniformly punctate in the
females and more or less smooth along the sutural margins in the males.
The tubercles on the anterior margin of the clypeus are variable in
number.

PROSTEPHANUS ARIZONICUS, new species

Uniformly dark reddish brown, the palpi and antennae slightly
paler.

Head with front densely, deeply, irregularly punctate, sparsely
clothed with short, inconspicuous, semierect hairs, abruptly deflexed
at anterior margin; clypeus flat, densely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with short, inconspicuous, erect hairs, with six vague, obtuse
tubercles along anterior margin. Antennal club densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect hairs inter-
mixed, the segments transverse, oval.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest at basal third, with a
distinct longitudinal groove at middle of disk; sides with a row of
small teeth on each side near posterior angles; surface sparsely clothed
with short, inconspicuous, recumbent hairs, coarsely, rather densely
punctate at sides, smooth and sparsely punctate at middle of disk,
coarsely, vaguely imbricate in front of scutellum, the imbrications
broad and broadly rounded at apices, and with transversely arcuate
rows of elevated teeth at middle on apical half, the teeth obtusely
rounded at apices and distinctly separated from one another, except
the two median ones on anterior margin, which are nearly contiguous.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface rather coarsely,
densely, irregularly punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recurved,
yellowish hairs, which are about as long as the intervals between
punctures on anterior part of disk; apical declivity sparsely, coarsely

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 39

punctate, the punctures more distant along sutural margins, sparsely
clothed with short, inconspicuous, erect hairs, and with a large,
recurved tubercle on each side near middle of declivity.

Body beneath sparsely clothed with rather long, recumbent, yel-
lowish hairs; abdomen coarsely, shallowly punctate, and finely,
densely granulose; prosternum rugose.

Length 6 mm., width 2 mm. |

Type locality—Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz.

Type and paratype—tIn the United States National Museum, No.
58311.

Described from two specimens (one type). The type (probably
a male) was collected at light, July 4, 1897, by H. G. Hubbard, and
the paratype was collected at Douglas, Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz.,
August 7, 1938, by W. W. Jones.

This species is closely allied to punctatus (Say), but it differs from
it and all the other known species of this genus in being larger, and
in having a large recurved tubercle on each side of the apical decliv-
ity of the elytra.

PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (Horn)

Dinoderus truncatus Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proce. 17: 549, 550; Riley,
1894, Insect Life 6: 219; Chittenden, 1895, Insect Life 7: 327; 1896, U. S.
Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 4, p. 28; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6:
76; Chittenden, 1911, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul. 96, pt. 1, pp. 1, 4, 9; ibid.
96, pt. 3, pp. 48-52, figs. 9-10; Back, 1919, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1029;
pp. 21-23, fig. 15; Back and Cotton, 1922, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1260,
p. 13, figs. 18-14; 1980 (revised), pp. 9-11, fig. 13; Back, 1931, U.S. Dept.
Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1029 (revised), pp. 17-19, fig. 15.

Stephanopachys truncatus Back and Cotton, 1940, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’
Bul. 1260 (revised), pp. 7-8, figs. 8-9.

Prostephanus truncatus Lesne, 1898, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 342,

43, figs. 14b, 25, 26; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 22; 1939;

Rey. France. d’Ent. 6: 91, 92-93.

Pale reddish brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and
legs paler.

Head with front finely, sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with
long, Inconspicuous, semierect hairs, narrowly, abruptly deflexed at
anterior margin; clypeus flat, densely, coarsely punctate, sparsely
clothed with long, inconspicuous, semierect hairs, with two small
tubercles at middle along anterior margin. Antennal club densely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect
hairs intermixed, the first segment transverse, oval, second subtri-
angular, and third oblong.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near basal fourth,
without a distinct, longitudinal groove at middle of disk; sides with
a row of small teeth on each side along lateral margin; surface
sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous, recumbent hairs, densely,
coarsely punctate at sides, coarsely imbricate at middle on basal half,
the imbrications narrow and narrowly rounded anteriorly, and with
transversely arcuate rows of elevated teeth at middle on apical half,
the teeth obtusely rounded at apices and distinctly separated from
one another (the two median ones on anterior margin nearly con-
tiguous).

Elytra at base as wide as pronotum at basal fourth; sides parallel,
conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface coarsely, densely pune-

4Q MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

tate, the punctures arranged in more or less distinct rows, sparsely
clothed with short, recurved, yellowish hairs, which are about as long
as the intervals between the punctures on anterior part of disk;
apical declivity sparsely clothed with short, erect, yellowish hairs,
without tubercles, densely, coarsely, irregularly punctate and granu-
lose on the intervals in both sexes.

Body beneath sparsely clothed with rather long, recumbent, yel-
lowish hairs; abdomen finely, indistinctly punctate and finely, densely
granulose.

Length 3-4.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type locality—California, no definite locality; type in the Horn
Collection, in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—This species seems to be restricted to the warmer
parts of North America. It has been recorded from various places
in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and from Cape San
Lucas, Lower California. It has been intercepted at Brooklyn, N. Y.;
Hoboken, N. J.; Nogales, Ariz.; El] Paso and Laredo, Tex.; Live Oak
and San Francisco, Calif; and Jefferson City, Mo., in corn and
wooden ornaments from Mexico. Back and Cotton (1922) state that
this tropical beetle, not as yet widely distributed in the United States,
is occasionally found infesting corn in the Southern States. Prob-
ably it has acquired the grain-feeding habit recently.

Horn (1878) described the species from two mutilated specimens
from California. Riley (1894) under the name of Dinoderus sp.
reported it as living in grain and edible tubers from Mexico at the
World’s Columbian Exposition. Chittenden (1896) recorded it in
corn from Mexico at the New Orleans Exposition and also in Mexican
seed corn in the Botanical Division of the United States Department
of Agriculture. It is able to subsist on almost any kind of roots and
tubers, and would cause great damage if it should become generally
established in the granaries, as the adults have the habit of leaving
the grain and boring into the wood, and have been known to bore into
both pine and black walnut. Lesne (1898) recorded a single specimen
taken at Rouen in Salsepareille, a plant of the genus Smilax imported
from Central America. Chittenden (1911) stated that this species
seems to prefer corn, especially corn on the ear, and that tubers and
roots serve as a natural breeding place.

PROSTEPHANUS APAX Lesne

Prostephanus apar Lesne, 1930, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., pp. 102-103; 1988,

in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161. p. 22.

ee brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and legs
oaler.
Head with front finely, densely punctate, smooth along anterior
margin, sparsely clothed with long, inconspicuous, semierect hairs,
feebly, obliquely deflexed at anterior margin; clypeus flat, finely,
densely punctate posteriorly, sparsely clothed with long, inconspicu-
cus, semierect hairs, with two small distinct tubercles at middle along
anterior margin. Antennal club densely clothed with short, recum-
kent, yellowish hairs, with a few long, erect hairs intermixed, the first
and second segments transverse, subtriangular, and third oblong.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near basal third,
without a distinct, longitudinal groove at middle of disk; sides with-

nantaties —

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 41

out a distinct row of teeth along lateral margins; surface sparsely
clothed with long, recumbent yellowish hairs, sparsely, rather densely
punctate at sides, coarsely imbricate at middle on basal half, the im-
brications narrow and narrowly rounded at apices, and with trans-
versely arcuate rows of elevated teeth at middle on apical half, the
teeth obtusely rounded at apices, and distinctly separated from one
another, except the two median ones on anterior margin, which are
nearly contiguous.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface rather coarsely,
densely punctate, the punctures arranged in more or less distinct
rows, sparsely clothed with long, recurved, yellowish hairs, which are
twice as long as the intervals between punctures on anterior part of
disk; apical declivity sparsely clothed with short, erect, yellowish
hairs, without tubercles, coarsely, sparsely, irregularly punctate and
distinctly granulose in both sexes.

Body beneath sparsely clothed with rather long, recumbent, yel-
lowish hairs; abdomen sparsely, shallowly punctate, and _ finely,
densely granulose.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1-1.6 mm.

Type locality—Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz.; type in Paris
Museum.

Distribution—F rom material examined:

ARIZONA: Santa Rita Mountains, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, June 15, 1924 (C. T. Vor-
hies) ; Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, August 25, 1913 (W. D.
Pierce) ; French Creek (E. A. Schwarz), Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, November 28, 1913, reared (H. S. Barber); Fish Creek, 2,300 to 3,000
feet, December 16, 1913, reared (Schwarz and Barber).

CANAL ZONE: Paraiso, February 11, 1911 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Panama, December
1911 (A. Busck).

Mexico: Hacienda Hormiguera, Torrion, Coahuila, April 10, 1922 (Hunter No.
9099 ).

Host.—All the specimens examined from Arizona were reared from
or collected on wild cotton (Vhurberia thespesioides Gray). A nice
series of specimens was reared from dead twigs of this plant by H. S.
Barber and E. A. Schwarz. One specimen was taken in a dry stem
of cultivated cotton in Mexico.

Lesne (1930) described this species from two specimens collected by
C. T. Vorhies, and specimens have been examined by the writer from
the original set. This is a valid species, but many of the characters
given by Lesne to distinguish it from truncatus are found to be vari-
able when a good series of specimens are available for study. Ina
large series of specimens of apax and truncatus examined from Ari-
zona, Mexico, and Central America, the body of apa is not more elon-
gate, the sculpture on the pronotum and elytra are not more distinctly
sparser or shallower, the last segment of the antenna is not narrower,
and the cuneiform tubercles near the posterior margin of the pronotum
are not more elongate than in truncatus. In truncatus the lateral
margins of the pronotum near the posterior angles are marked with a
row of distinct teeth, whereas in apav these are absent or at the most
only vaguely indicated. In truncatus the hairs on the elytra are short
and recurved, and on the anterior part of the disk are about as long as
the intervals between the punctures, whereas in apaa the hairs are
considerably longer, at least twice as long as the intervals, but in both

42 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

species the hairs are proportionately longer toward the lateral
margins.
Genus STEPHANOPACHYS Waterhouse

Stephanopachys Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6) 1: 349;
Zoufal, 1894, Wien, Ent. Ztg. 138: 35, 42; Bedel, 1894, Abeille 28: 149-150;
Lesne, 1898, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 320, 3338-342; Schilsky, 1899,
in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas, 36: pp. tt, ww-xx; Everts, 1901, Coleopt.
Neerlandica, v. 2, pp. 209, 211; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 78, 81-84, pl. 1, fig. 13;
Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, pp. 301, 303, fig. 110; Jakobson, 1913,
Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 802-803; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, pp. 20-22.

Dinoderus Guérin-Ménéville, 1945, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2), yv. 3, Bul.
p. xvii; Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des Coléopt., vol. 4, pp. 584, 540; Redten-
bacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca Kafer, ed. 2, pp. CI, 569; Jacquelin-Duval, 1859—
1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 38, pp. 230-231, 238, pl. 56, fig. 280; LeConte,
1861, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 3 (1) : 208; Thompson, 1863, Skandinaviens
Coleopt., v. 5, pp. 202-203 ; Redtenbacher, 1874, Fauna Austriaca Kifer, ed. 3, pt.
1, p. CXII, pt. 2, p. 65; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Nat. Ins. Deutsch.
Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 28-81; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 541, 548
(part) ; Seidlitz, 1889, Fauna Baltica, Kaefer, pp. 117, 496; 1889, Fauna Trans-
sylvanica, Kaefer, pp. 117, 530; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 73-76
(part):

Head strongly convex, partially covered by prothorax, not visible
from above, the front not produced into a lobe on each side of clypeus,
transversely depressed behind eyes, glabrous and shining on vertex;
clypeus strongly transverse, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front,
at sides as long as, or longer than labrum; labrum subtruncate and cili-
ate in front; mentum long, strongly transverse, truncate or vaguely
lobed in front; maxillary palpi shghtly longer than labial palpi, apical
segments of all palpi oblong, acute or rounded at apices; mandibles
robust, feebly toothed on inner margins toward apices; eyes strongly
projecting, oblong, transverse. Antenna short, 10-segmented, funicle
robust, with short hairs; first and second segments robust, subequal in
length; third to seventh slightly narrower, subequal in length to one
another, becoming gradually wider and more transverse toward sev-
enth segment; last three segments forming a broad, loose club, the
eighth and ninth segments oblong, transverse, the tenth oval and
narrower than ninth. Pronotum globose, subequal in length and
width, broadly rounded in front, tuberculate anteriorly, granulose
posteriorly ; sides rounded but not margined. Scutellum very small,
quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, regularly declivous posteriorly ;
sides parallel, broadly conjointly rounded at apices; surface punctate,
scabrous or granulose. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slender,
scarcely expanded toward apices, dentate on exterior margins, anterior
pair with an arcuate spine at apices; posterior tarsi shorter than tibiae,
apical segment of each as long as preceding four segments united.
Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae contiguous or narrowly
separated. Last visible abdominal sternite with a deep, transverse
fovea on each side in male, without the fovea in female. Body elon-
gate, cylindrical. |

Genotype.—A pate substriatus Paykull. (Monobasic.)

Waterhouse (1888) proposed Stephanopachys for Apate substri-
atus Paykull, not Dinoderus substriatus Stephens, with a note stat-
ing that the species is too well known to require a further description.
The genus includes 16 species, one of which is here described as new.

——

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 43

All the species are widely distributed throughout the northern parts
of Europe, Asia, and North America, except quadricollis Marseul,
which is restricted to the Mediterranean region. Only 9 of the species
occur in North America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STEPHANOPACHYS

1. Pronotum with strongly elevated granules on basal half_______________-_ 2
Pronotum with flattened granules on basal half____---_____--__--_-____-_ 7

2. Elytra with longitudinal rows of elevated granules on intervals on basal
half of disk, each granule with a short, erect hair arising from the apex-_ 3

Elytra without distinct rows of elevated granules on intervals on basal
half of disk, the intervals smooth, or with irregular shaped granules,
each witha short hair arising from the sides — 2°20 2 lL 4

3. Granules on basal half of disk of elytra beadlike, each with a round de-
pression at apex; apical declivity of elytra with strongly elevated
ie tit, EOE ae ee ees ee eee rugosus (Olivier), p. 43

Granules on basal half of disk of elytra conical, without a round depression

at apices; apical declivity of elytra with moderately elevated gran-

pile teeny PSG Os Lo oa as amplus (Casey), p. 44.

4, Apical declivity of elytra granulose; lateral margins of pronotum strongly
ff SSO Pe 2 ee ee ee eee ee ee eee 5

Apical declivity of elytra punctate; lateral margins of pronotum slightly
Bee ee ee eee) |!) Se et ees 6

Hairs on basal half of disk of elytra short and recumbent
substriatus (Paykull), p. 46.
Hairs on basal half of disk of elytra short and erect_asperulus (Casey), p. 47.
6. Pronotum slightly gibbose in front of scutellum; hairs on basal half of disk
- of elytra long, not uniform in length, the long ones at least twice as long
as diameter of punctures; mentum subtruncate in front
sobrinus (Casey), p. 47.
Pronotum not gibbose in front of scutellum; hairs on basal half of disk
of elytra short, uniform in length, about as long as diameter of punc-
tures; mentum feebly lobed_-__--------- conicola, new species, p. 48.
7. Apical declivity of elytra punctate; labrum irregularly, indistinctly punc-
eee eee ie tee ee 5 cribratus (LeConte), p. 49.
Apical declivity of elytra granulose; labrum coarsely, uniformly punctate__ 8
8. Elytra smooth, with circular punctures; pronotum not gibbose in front of
scutellum, the flattened granules contiguous in front of scutellum, and
the teeth along anterior margin short, broadly rounded, not separated at
bascs- (wide (Oase yee t= TS... 2 oe: densus (LeConte), p. 50.
Elytra granulose or scabrous; pronotum slightly gibbose in front of scutel-
lum, flattened granules separated from one another, and the teeth along
anterior margin long, acute, and separated at bases
hispidulus (Casey), p. 50.

Ou

STEPHANOPACHYS RUGOSUS (Olivier)

Bostrichus rugosus Olivier, 1795, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 24a—b.

Stephanopachys rugosus Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334; 1898, Soe.
Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 335, 341-342; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell)
Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina,
p. 198; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 21; Anderson, 1939,
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388, fig. 2 (larva).

Dinoderus porcatus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 101-102;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 548, 549; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc.
Jour. 6: 75; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 890; Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 21.

Dinoderus opacus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 75 (new synonymy ).

Stephanopachys opacus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 21.

Pale reddish brown to brownish black, the palpi and antennae
sometimes slightly paler.

Head with front and clypeus sparsely, coarsely granulose, sparsely
clothed with rather long, arcuate, semierect, yellowish hairs; mentum
subtruncate in front,

44 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near middle; sides
broadly rounded, coarsely tuberculate along entire margin; surface
sparsely clothed on disk with short, semierect hairs, and at sides with
long, erect hairs, densely, coarsely granulose, the granules on basal
half strongly elevated and distinctly separated from one another,
apical half with numerous broad, strongly elevated teeth, which are
longer, acute at apices, and separated at bases from one another along
anterior margin.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum near middle; surface
with longitudinal rows of coarse punctures on disk, the rows confused
at sides and sometimes along sutural margins, the punctures about as
wide as intervals, rather densely clothed at sides and on apical declivity
with long, erect, yellowish hairs, intervals on basal half of disk with
distinct rows of elevated, beadlike granules, each with a round depres-
sion at apex, from which arises a short, erect hair; apical declivity
with strongly elevated, irregularly distributed granules.

Abdomen beneath rather coarsely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 2.5-4.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type localities—Of rugosus, Amérique Septentrionale; type in the
Bose Collection, supposed to be in the Paris Museum. Of porcatus,
Atlantic States; type in the LeConte Collection in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology. Of opacus, Norfolk, Va.; type in the Casey
Collection in the United States National Museum.

Distribution.—Material has been examined from Alabama, District
of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Missis-
sippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Penn-
sylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Adults
have been intercepted at Capetown, Africa, in pitch pine shipped from
New Orleans, La.

Hosts—This species is found boring in the bark and wood of
various species of pines. At times it does considerable damage to
flooring and other timbers in buildings, and has been reported as
boring in cypress sheathing on a house in Louisiana.

Olivier (1795) described rugosus from the Bosc Collection, placing
it in the genus Lostrichus. LeConte (1866) described Dinoderus
porcatus, stating that 1t was common in the Atlantic States, without
giving any definite locality. Casey (1898) described Dinoderus
opacus from six specimens collected at Norfolk, Va., placing them
with the species having the elytra opaque. When these types were
examined, they were found to be dirty specimens of rugosus, the
cleaned surface was shiny and the graules were as well defined as
in rugosus. Casey did not have rugosus Oliver represented in his
collection.

STEPHANOPACHYS AMPLUS (Casey)

Dinoderus amplus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 74-75.
Stephanopachys amplus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 20.

Uniformly reddish brown, the palpi, antennal club, and tarsi
slightly paler.

Head with front and clypeus coarsely, sparsely granulose, sparsely
clothed with rather long, arcuate, semierect, yellowish hairs, the
clypeus glabrous and smooth along anterior margin: mentum sub-
truncate in front. . paar

Se nes MITRAL ETT AT THT APG BG ER GNG TSMR TU TART EAC MTUS (UPISMUARPEAUIY IRL GL) fy ce NU TNs Py, ANU [GEIR Ig TEV NR TES PRCT A MS:
RES TC NKR Sa DNS EAM HERAT BAM Neen AF AN CRO asthe .

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 45

Pronotum strongly convex, slightly gibbose in front of scuttelum,
widest near middle; sides broadly rounded, coarsely tuberculate along
margins; surface sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous, recum-
bent hairs on disk, the hairs longer and more erect toward sides,
densely, coarsely granulose, the granules on basal half strongly ele-
vated and distinctly separated from one another, apical half with
numerous broad, strongly elevated teeth, which are longer, acute at
apices, and separated at bases from one another along anterior margin.

Elytra at base shghtly wider than pronotum near middle; surface
with longitudinal rows of coarse punctures on disk, the rows confused
at sides and sometimes along sutural margins, punctures about as
wide as intervals, rather densely clothed at sides and on apical declivity
with long, erect, yellowish hairs, intervals on basal half of disk with
distinct rows of elevated, conical granules, without a round depression
at apices, but from which arises a short, erect hair; apical declivity
with moderately elevated, irregularly distributed granules.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely clothed
with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 3.5-4 mm., width 1.3-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Seligman, Ariz. Type in the Casey Collection in
the United States National Museum.

This species was described from a single specimen. The depressions
on the type are obscured by dirt, and if it were cleaned, the entire sur-
face would be polished.

STEPHANOPACHYS SUBSTRIATUS (Paykull)

Apate substriatus Paykull, 1800, Fauna Suecica, v. 3, pp. 142-143 ; Gyllenhal, 1813,
Insecta Sueciea, vy. 1, pt. 3, p. 374; Zetterstedt, 1828, Fauna Ins. Lapponica,
v. 1, p. 349; 1840, Ins. Lapponica, v. 1, p. 194; Redtenbacher, 1847-1849, Fauna
Austriaca, Die Kifer, p. 354; Bach, 1852, Kaferfauna fiir Nord und Mittel-
deutschland, v. 2, pp. 117-118.

Dinoderus substriatus Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, pp.
352-353 ; Spry and Shuckard, 1840, Brit. Coleopt., p. 44, pl. 53, fig. 5; Manner-
heim, 1853, Moscow Soc. Imp. Nat. Bul. 26 (2) : 233-234 (separate pp. 141-142) ;
Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca, Die Kifer, ed. 2, p. 569; Jacquelin-Duval,
1859-1863, Genera Coleopt. Europe, v. 3, pp. 230-231, pl. 56, fig. 280; Kiesen-
wetter, 1877, in Erichson, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, p. 30; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 548, 549; Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, p. 218; 1886 ibid., p. 353; Fowler, 1890, Coleopt. Brit. Isl.,
v. 4, p. 200, pl. 118, fig. 13: Casey, 1898, N. ¥. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 73; Burgess,
1899, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bul. 20, pp. 107-108; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera
of Indiana, pp. 890, 891; Hopkins, 1915, Jour. Econ. Ent. 8: 3838.

Stephanopachys substriatus Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6)
1: 349; Bedel, 1894, Abeille 28: 150; Lesne, 1898, Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
(1897) 66: 334, 337-339; Donisthorpe, 1900, Ent. Rec. and Jour. Variation 12:
16-18; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 82, 83; 1902, ibid. 30: 124-125; Reitter, 1911,
Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 303; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta.
Mem. 101: 415; Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina, p. 198; Lesne, 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 21-22; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad.
Sci. Jour. 29: 388, figs. 1, 4, 7, 8, 11, 21 (larvae).

Dinoderus pacificus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 73-74 (new synonymy ).

Stephanopachys pacificus Béving and Craighead, 1931, Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 11:
62, pl. 102, fig. A (larvae) ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161,
p. 21; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 388, figs. 9-10 (larvae).

There are many citations to this species in the literature, but only
a few of the more important ones have been given.

Uniformly brownish black, sometimes black with a vague brownish
tinge, the antennae, palpi, and legs reddish brown.

46 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Head with front and clypeus sparsely, coarsely granulose, sparsely
clothed with rather long, arcuate semierect hairs, the clypeus glabrous
and smooth along anterior margin; mentum subtruncate in front.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, widest near middle; sides
broadly rounded, coarsely tuberculate along margins; surface sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs on disk, the hairs longer
and more erect at sides, densely, coarsely granulose, the granules on
basal half strongly elevated, and distinctly separated from one an-
other, apical half with numerous broad, strongly elevated teeth, which
are longer, acutely rounded at apices, and usually separated from one
another at bases along anterior margin.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum near middle; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk about
as wide as intervals, rather densely clothed at sides and on apical
declivity with long, erect, yellowish hairs, intervals on basal half of
disk scabrous, without distinct rows of elevated, beadlike granules, but
with irregular shaped granules, each with a short yellowish hair aris-
ing from its side and curved over the puncture; apical declivity dis-
tinctly, coarsely, irregularly granulose.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, coarsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 3.5-6.5 mm., width 1-2.25 mm.

Type locality—Of substriatus, Provinces of Westrogothia and
Scania, Sweden; types supposed to be in the Museum at Stockholm.
Of pacificus, Mokel Hill, Calif.; type in the Casey Collection in the
United States National Museum.

Distribution—This species is widely distributed throughout the
northern parts of the world. Lesne (1901) stated that this boreal
species is found throughout the Scandinavian countries, northern
Europe, and Russia, extending southward in the mountains to the
Carpathians and Alps of Transsylvania, across Siberia and into
Alaska, Canada, and the United States. Material has been examined
from Canada and nearly all the States in the northern half of the
United States. The localities given by Gorham (1883, 1886) are
probably from erroneously identified specimens.

Hosts——This species attacks Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) ,
hemlock (7suga canadensis), and all species of pines and firs (Pinus
spp. and Abies spp.). In Europe Pinus sylvestris is especially suscep-
tible to its attacks. Lesne (1901) recorded it attacking pine bark used
for tanning. Burgess (1899) recorded this species as doing severe
injury to hemlock tan bark in Massachusetts, and Hopkins (1915)
reported the beetles in West Virginia as only attacking hemlock tan
bark after it is 2 or 3 years old. This species has been reported a
number of times as damaging furniture and lumber used in the con-
struction of buildings.

Casey (1898) described Dinoderus pacificus from seven specimens.
The type and one paratype are from Mokel Hill, Calif., two paratypes
from California, and one from Colorado without definite localities,
one from Placerville, Calif., and one from Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.
After examining the above type and large series of substriatus from
Europe and North America, the writer is unable to separate pacificus
Casey from substriatus Paykull.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE A7T

STEPHANOPACHYS ASPERULUS (Casey)

Dinoderus asperulus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 74.

Stephanopachys asperulus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 20.
Reddish brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and legs more

reddish.

Head with front and clypeus coarsely, sparsely granulose, sparsely
clothed with rather long, semierect, yellowish hairs, the clypeus glab-
rous and smooth along anterior margin; mentum subtruncate in front.

Pronotum strongly convex, slightly gibbose in front of scutellum,
widest at middle; sides broadly rounded, coarsely tuberculate along
margins; surface sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous, recum-
bent hairs on disk, the hairs longer and erect at sides, densely, coarsely
granulose, the granules on basal half strongly elevated, and distinctly
separated from one another, apical half with numerous broad, strongly
elevated teeth, which are longer, acute at apices, and separated at bases
from one another along anterior margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk as wide
as intervals, rather densely clothed at sides and on apical declivity with
long, erect, yellowish hairs, intervals on disk scabrous, without distinct
rows of elevated, beadhke granules, but with irregular shaped gran-
ules, each with a short, erect hair arising from its side; apical declivity
distinctly, rather coarsely, irregularly granulose.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, sparsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with rather short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1-1.75 mm.

Type locality—F ort Wingate, N. Mex. Type in the Casey Collec-
tion in the United States National Museum.

Distribution.—From material examined:

ARIZONA: Flagstaff, July (H. F. Wickham) (J. L. Webb). Chiricahua Moun-
tains, June 8-14 (Hubbard and Schwarz); August 6 (J. L. Webb). Santa
Catalina Mountains (J. L. Webb). Williams, May 29-June 6 (Barber and
Schwarz). .

New Mexico: Gallup (H. F. Wickham). Fort Wingate, type (Dr. Shufeldt).
Hosts.—J.L. Webb collected this species on Pinus ponderosa and P.

strobiformis in Arizona.

Casey described this species from a unique specimen. The type, like
most specimens in this genus, has the punctures filled with foreign
matter, and therefore the surface appears to be subopaque, but the
tops of the granules are clean and highly polished.

STEPHANOPACHYS SOBRINUS (Casey)

Dinoderus sobrinus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 74.
Stephanopachys sobrinus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 21.

Uniformly brownish black, rarely reddish brown, the palpi, anten-
nae, and legs more reddish brown.

Head with front and clypeus finely, rather densely, shallowly punc-
tate, finely, densely granulose, sparsely clothed with long, erect hairs,
the clypeus smooth and glabrous along anterior margin; mentum sub-
truncate in front.

Pronotum strongly convex, slightly gibbose in front of scutellum,
widest at basal third; sides broadly rounded posteriorly, arcuately

48 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

narrowed anteriorly, slightly serrulate along margins; surface |

sparsely clothed with short, erect hairs on disk, the hairs long toward |

sides and anterior margin, densely, coarsely granulose, the granules |
on basal half strongly elevated and distinctly separated from one |
another, apical half with a number of broad, short, strongly elevated
teeth, which are broadly rounded at apices and widely separated along
anterlor margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third ; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk not so
wide as intervals, rather densely clothed with fine, long and short hairs
intermixed, the long hairs on basal half of disk at least twice as long
as diameter of punctures, intervals on disk smooth, without distinct
granules; apical declivity coarsely, irregularly punctate.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, sparsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 2.75-4.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Laramie, Wyo.; type in the Casey Collection in the
United States National Museum.

Distribution—From material examined:

ARIZONA: Flagstaff, July 7 (Barber and Schwarz) ; July 30, 1904 (J. L. Webb).
Williams, July 24 (Barber and Schwarz); September 3, paratype, Winslow
(H. F. Wickham). Palmerlee, Cochise County, July (Chas. Schaeffer).
Bright Angel Camp, altitude 6,900 ft., July 15 (H. F. Wickham). Walnut,

July 20, paratype.

CALIFORNIA: Twin Lakes, Mono County, 1931 (R. E. Blackwelder).

CoLorapo: Colorado Springs, June 15-30, 1896, altitude 6,000-7,000 ft. (H. F.
Wickham). Ute Pass (A. B. Champlain). No locality (Hubbard and
Schwarz).

MONTANA: Kalispell, June 13-20 (H. F. Wickham).

New Mexico: Las Vegas Hot Springs, August 8 (Barber and Schwarz).

SoutH DakoTA: Elmore, July 7, 1902 (J. L. Webb). Lead, September 1, 1899.

WyYomMINnG: Yellowstone National Park, September (H. F. Wickham). Laramie,

type.
eee CotuMBIA: Kokanee Mountains, August 10, 1903, collected on snow,

altitude 9,000 ft. (R. P. Currie).

Host.—This species has been reared from Pinus edulis collected in
Colorado by A. B. Champlain.

Casey described this species from three specimens, the type from
Laramie, Wyo., and paratypes from Williams and Walnut, Ariz.

STEPHANOPACHYS CONICOLA, new species

Uniformly dark reddish brown, the antennae, palpi, and legs
slightly paler.

Head with front and clypeus rather coarsely granulose, sparsely
clothed with rather short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, the clypeus
glabrous, and finely, densely granulose along anterior margin; men-
tum feebly, broadly lobed in front.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, not gibbose in front of
scutellum, widest near middle; sides broadly rounded, finely, irreg-
ularly serrulate along margins; surface sparsely clothed with short,
inconspicuous, erect hairs on disk, the hairs long toward sides and
anterior margin, densely, coarsely granulose, the granules on basal
half strongly elevated and distinctly separated from one another,
apical half with numerous broad, strongly elevated teeth, which are
longer, narrowly rounded at apices, and sometimes contiguous at bases
along anterior margin.

AN I A

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 49

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum near middle; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk not so
wide as intervals, sparsely clothed with erect, yellowish hairs, uni-
form in length, and as long as width of punctures on basal half of
disk, but much longer toward sides and on apical declivity, intervals
on disk smooth, without distinct granules; apical declivity coarsely,
irregularly punctate.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, coarsely granulose, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 2.5-3.2 mm.; width 1-1.4 mm.

Type. locality—Williams, Ariz.

Described from seven specimens (one female type). The type was
collected July 25, on white fir (Adées concolor Lindley and Gordon),
by Barber and Schwarz, and six paratypes were collected in the San
Gabriel Mountains in southern California from cones of single-leaf
pinon (Pinus monophylla Torrey and Fremont) by J. E. Patterson.

Type and paratypes.—In the United States National Museum, No.
58312.

STEPHANOPACHYS CRIBRATUS (LeConte)

Dinoderus cribratus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 167: 102; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 549; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 75.
Stephanopachys cribratus Lesne, 1898, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 334,
336; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; Knull,
1934, Ent. News 45: 209; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161,

p. 20: Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina, p. 198.

Uniformly dark reddish brown to brownish black, the antennae,
palpi, and legs slightly paler.

Head with front and clypeus coarsely, sparsely granulose, the gran-
ules round and flattened, sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous
hairs, the clypeus glabrous and smooth along anterior margin; labrum
irregularly, indistinctly punctate; mentum subtruncate in front.

Pronotum strongly, uniformly convex, not gibbose in front of scutel-
lum, widest near middle; sides broadly rounded, irregularly serrulate
along margins; surface sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous
hairs on disk, the hairs long and erect toward sides and anterior
margins, densely, coarsely granulose on basal half, the granules flat-
tened, contiguous, and in front of scutellum rounded, apical half
with numerous broad, short, strongly elevated teeth, which are broadly
rounded at apices and contiguous at bases along anterior margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum near middle; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk not so
wide as intervals, glabrous on disk, sparsely clothed with moderately
long, erect hairs at sides and on apical declivity, intervals smooth, not
granulose; apical declivity coarsely, irregularly punctate.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, coarsely, shallowly punctate, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 3.5-5 mm., width 1.25-2 mm.

Type locality—Middle States, no definite locality; type in the
LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge, Mass.

Distribution —Material has been examined from various localities
in the following States: Arizona, District of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho,

842409504

50 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Indiana, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vir-
ginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.

- Hosts.—This species has been reared from Pinus ponderosa in Idaho
and Pinus strobus in Virginia. Knull (1934) collected adults in the
outer bark of a living pitch pine tree, and L. A. Hetrick collected
adults at Chatham, Va., infesting the bark of Pinus taeda trees that
suffered severe fire injury during the preceding year.

STEPHANOPACHYS DENSUS (LeConte)

Dinoderus densus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 102; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 549-550; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour.
(8) 1,

Stephanopachys densus Lesne, 1898, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1897) 66: 324,
326; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; Brimley,
1938, Insects of North Carolina, p. 198.

The following is a copy of LeConte’s original description :

Hlongatus, cylindricus, niger subopacus, setis fulvis erectis vestitus, thorace
latitudine haud breviors, lateribus antice cum apice rotundatis et fortiter denta-
tis, postice subparallelis subserratis, angulis posticis rotundatis, disco convexo
dense granulato, granulis anticis acutis; elytris confertim fortiter punctatis,
subgranulatis, postice aequaliter convexis. Long. .12.

Two specimens; New York. Differs from D. substriatus by the thorax being
more densely granulate and by the elytra not being substriate, and from D.
porcatus by the elytra not being so rough, and from both by the sides of the
thorax from the middle being only feebly serrate.

The types of this species in the LeConte Collection have not been
examined. The characters used in the key for separating densus and
hispidulus are based entirely on the specimens identified as those two
species in the Casey Collection. The specimens of densus and hispidu-
lus as identified by Casey are both valid species, but there may be some
doubt about Casey’s identification of densus. If not correct, his hés-
pidulus might be a synonym of densus LeConte and his specimen iden-
tified as densus would require a new name. The Casey specimens
identified as densus LeConte are from South Carolina.

STEPHANOPACHYS HISPIDULUS (Casey)

Dinoderus hispidulus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 75.
Stephanopachys hispidulus Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell), Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem.

101: 415 ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 20.

Dinoderus parvulus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 75. (New synonymy).
Stephanopachys parvulus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 21.

Uniformly dark reddish brown to brownish black, the palpi, anten-
nal clubs, and tarsi brownish yellow.

Head with front and clypeus coarsely, densely granulose or punctate,
sparsely clothed with long, inconspicuous, erect hairs; labrum coarsely,
uniformly punctate; mentum subtruncate in front.

Pronotum strongly convex, slightly gibbose in front of scutellum,
widest near middle; sides broadly rounded, feebly, irregularly serrulate
along margins; surface sparsely clothed with rather long, recumbent
hairs on disk, the hairs long and erect toward sides and anterior mar-
gin, coarsely, densely granulose on basal half, the granules flattened,
distinctly separated, and slightly elongate in front of scutellum, apical
half with numerous broad, short, strongly elevated teeth, which are
longer, acutely rounded at apices, and separated at bases from one
another along anterior margin.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE ol

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum near middle; surface
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the punctures on disk not so
wide as intervals, rather densely clothed with long, recumbent and
erect, yellowish hairs on basal half of disk, the hairs more erect along
sides and on apical declivity, intervals slightly scabrous; apical de-
clivity rather densely, coarsely granulose.

Abdomen beneath rather densely, coarsely punctate, rather densely
clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 2.5-4.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type locality —Of hispidulys, New Jersey, no definite locality.
Of parvulus, Pennsylvania, no definite locality. Types in the Casey
Collection in the United States National Museum.

Distribution—From material examined:

District or CoLumsBIA: Washington, June 22 (Hubbard and Schwarz).
MARYLAND: Odenton, May 25 (Hubbard and Schwarz).

NortH CaAroLtiInA: Durham. New Bern, April 24, 1917 (R. W. Leiby).
New JERSEY: Clementon, July 22 (H. A. Kaeber).

New York: West Point, June 15, 1913 (W. Robinson).

PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia (G. M. Greene).

RuHopE IsLanp: Watch Hill, June 30, 1909 (W. Robinson).

VirGcIniA: Falls Church (A. B. Champlain).

Hosts.—This species has been reared from Pinus taeda and Pinus
virginiana.

Casey described hispidulus from a unique specimen from New Jersey,
and parvulus from a single specimen from Pennsylvania. Dinoderus
parvulus seems to be merely a small specimen of Dinoderus hispidulus.

Subfamily BOSTRICHINAE
Tribe DINAPATINI

Dinapatinae Lesne, 1910, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1909) 78: 471-473.

Dinapatini Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Franc, pour l’Avance. des. Sci., Cong. de Strasbourg
(1920), p. 288.

Dinapatina Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 74-75.
Lesne (1910) erected the subfamily Dinapatinae for Dinapate Horn.

This is the only known genus in the tribe.

Genus DINAPATE Horn

Dinapate Horn, 1886, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 13: 1-4; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent.
Soc. Jour. 6: 66-67; Lesne, 1910, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1909) 78: 473-
477 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 74-75.

Head short, deeply inserted in pronotum, not visible from above;
clypeus strongly transverse, truncate in front, feebly, obtusely dentate
on each side of labrum; labrum strongly transverse, subtruncate and
densely ciliate with long, brownish-yellow hairs in front; maxillary
palpi shghtly longer than labial, densely pubescent, apical segment of
each elongate-oval, subtruncate at apex; mandibles attenuate toward
apices, which are acute; eyes large, oval, slightly projecting; margins
of buccal cavities not dentate below eyes. Antenna very short, 10-
segmented ; first segment robust, rather short, nearly three times as
long as second; second slightly elongate, narrower than first; third
to seventh segments short, transverse; last three segments forming a
broad, loose club, clothed with a few long, erect hairs, the eighth and

52 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ninth segments strongly transverse, caliciform (cup-shaped), smooth,
with a few coarse punctures on median parts, porous at sides, the
tenth segment irregular in shape, narrower than ninth. Pronotum
strongly convex, declivous anteriorly, not transversely depressed be-
hind anterior margin, which is not dentate, subtruncate at apex, trun-
cate at base; sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate, strongly
elevated. Elytra strongly convex, with distinct tubercles at anterior
margin of apical declivity; humeri not carinate. Legs rather long,
subequal in length; tibiae compressed, strongly expanded toward
apices, armed on exterior margins with a few large, triangular teeth,
each tibia with a long, shghtly arcuate spine on inner margin and two
or three triangular teeth on outer margin at apex; posterior tarsi
as long as tibiae, apical segment of each as long as second segment,
third and fourth segments very short; tarsal claws long, with a.long
onychium at base. Anterior coxae continuous. Middle coxae narrowly
separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen narrow. Body very large,
eylindrical.
Genotype.—Dinapate wrightii Horn. (Monobasic.)

DINAPATE WRIGHTII Horn

Dinapate wrightii Horn, 1886, Amer. Ent. Soe. Trans. 13: 2-4, pl. 1, figs. 1-12;
Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67; Hubbard, 1899, Wash. Ent. Soc.
Proc. 4: 228, 230; 1899, Ent. News 10: 88-89; Fényes, 1901, Rov. Lapok.
8: 47; Lesne, 1910, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1909) 78: 473-477, figs. 572,
573, pl. 4, figs. 1-4; Martin, 1917, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 12: 107-110, pl.
1; Garnett, 1918, Ent. News 29: 41-44, pl. 2; Comstock, 1922, South. Calif.
Acad. Sci. Bul. 21: 5-17, pls. A-B; Garnett, 1922, Soc. Ent. de France Bul.
pp. 119-121, pl. 1, figs. 1-4; Campbell, 1923, Pomona Col. Jour. Ent. and Zool.
15: 61-65. pl. 1; Wymore, 1928, Pan-Pacifie Ent. 4: 143; Lesne, 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 74-75; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci.
Jour. 29 (9): 390 (larvae) ; Michelbacher and Ross, 1939, Calif. Dept. Agr.
Bul. 28: 166-169, figs. 1-3; Davis, 1940, Wash. Ent. Soc. Proce. 42: 129-134
(biological notes).

Male.—Black, sometimes with a reddish tinge, strongly shining,
the antenna (except club which is brownish yellow), palpi, legs, and
underside of body, dark reddish brown.

Head slightly convex, transversely, shallowly concave behind eyes,
with a few erect hairs near eyes and on eclypeus, finely, indistinctly
punctate on front and clypeus, finely, densely granulose on occiput;
clypeal suture very fine, sometimes slightly depressed at middle,
obsolete at sides.

Pronotum wider than long, widest in front of middle; sides broadly
rounded, more obliquely posteriorly; apical and posterior angles
broadly rounded; base narrowly, transversely constricted; surface
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent and erect, inconspicuous hairs,
densely ciliate along anterior margin with long, brownish-yellow
hairs, densely, finely granulose near posterior angles, very densely
squamose on rest of surface, the scales variable in size, and with nu-
merous short, broad, rasplike teeth in front of middle.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum in front of middle;
sides nearly parallel; subtruncate or sinuate at apices, with sutural
angles rectangular and triangularly separated; surface glabrous,
coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate on dorsal part, the punctures
finer toward sides and obsolete on apical declivity; sutural margins

al

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE D3

slightly expanded and elevated at middle of apical declivity; each
elytron with two tubercles at anterior margin of apical declivity, the
sutural one long and acute, the lateral one costiform and obtuse at
apex, and with Fonts or five obtusely rounded, longitudinal costae.

Body beneath densely clothed with long, recumbent and semier ect,
brownish-yellow hairs; abdomen finely, densely granulose; last visible
sternite broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of head and
clypeus distinctly, finely granulose, the sutural tubercle on anterior
margin of the apical declivity of each elytron short and obtusely
rounded at the apex, and the surface on the declivity finely, densely
punctate and granulose.

Length 33-51 mm., width 8-18 mm.

‘Type locality —Palm Springs, Calif. Type in the Horn Collection
in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution. According to present knowledge of the distribution
of this species it occurs in the canyons on the east side of the Colorado °
Desert, Calif. (formerly the upper end of the Gulf of California), and
at least as far south as Catavina, Lower California, about 300 miles
south of Palm Springs, Calif. It has been recorded from Palm, Mur-
ray, Andreas, Taquitz, Chino, and Thousand Palm Canyons, and
Seven Palms, Calif., and Catavina, Lower California.

Hosts.—It has been found only in the Washington or fan palm
(Washingtonia filifera Wendl.). It has been reported as attacking
es al in the Coachella Valley, Calif., but this report should be
verified.

Horn (1886) described wrightii from specimens collected by W. G.
Wright in the Mojave Desert, Calif., and for which he erected the
genus Dinapate. This is the only known species of Dinapate, and
also the largest known bostrichid. Hubbard (1899) considered this
beetle rare and stated that the species would soon become extinct.
However, from 1917 to 1930 the beetles assumed the proportions of a
minor pest in Palm Springs. A number of large palms had been
transplanted into the village, and Wymore (1928) writes that 90 per-
cent of these palms were severely injured by the beetles burrowing
into the succulent growing tips of the palms and also in the trunks of
the living palms, causing some to die. Hubbard (1899), while at San
Diego, Calif., ascertained that the type locality of Dinapate wrightii
is Palm Springs, Calif., and not the Mojave Desert, as stated by Horn.
Dr. Murray, the landlord of a little hotel at Palm Springs, told him
that Mr. Wright came almost every September to that place and al-
ways went up into the canyon. Hubbard stated that he could easily
trace the operations of Mr. Wright among the fallen palm trunks.
Wright had even cut down a number of the lar gest and tallest trees,
no doubt in the hope of attracting the beetles to the freshly cut timber.

Tribe BosTRICHINI

Bostrichini LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 3 (1): 207-208 ; Kiesen-
wetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut., Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 7,
25-41, fig.; LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 07 > 227, 228.

Bostrichinae Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 390-391 (larvae).

Bostrychini Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 84-110; Csiki, 1908, Rov. Lapok. 10: 17-20;
Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Frane. pour l’Avane. des. Sci., Cong. de Strasbourg (1920),

54 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

p. 288; Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 364; Lesne, 1924, Bostry-

chides de l’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 111-208.

Bostrychina Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 801, 803-805.

This is one of the largest tribes of Bostrichidae, containing many
genera which are found in all parts of the world. Species belonging
to nine of these genera are either established in the United States, or
have been intercepted in commerce.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF BOSTRICHINI

1. Posterior coxal cavities completely margined on first visible abdominal

sternite<Gs 77s tome bth. ee 2 ee 2
Posterior coxal cavities not completely margined on first visible abdom-
iInabsternites-2 2-5). _ Bostrichus Geoffroy, p. 54.
2. Mandibles more or less attenuate toward apices; antennal club not flabel-
late nor with segments strongly transverse________________..___-- 3

Mandibles very short, broad and truncate at apices; antennal club flabel-
late or with segments strongly transverse__Sinoxylon Duftschmid, p. 57.

3. Margins of buccal cavities strongly dentate below eyes
Bostrychoplites Lesne, p. 64.

Margins of buccal cavities not dentate below eyes____________-_____== 4
4. Segments of antennal club with longitudinal depressions on each sur-
faces. Ch Ree ee eee Amphicerus LeConte, p. 66.
Segments of antennal club without longitudinal depressions, but with
round: depressions on cach SuTtace: = ae eee 2 oe eee 5

5. Anterior angles of clypeus broadly rounded (except in truncatus)
Lichenophanes Lesne, p. 75.
Anterior angles of clypeus obtuse, acute, or rectangular________________ 6
6. Pronotum transversely depressed behind anterior margin
Heterobostrychus Lesne, p. 83.

Pronotum not transversely depressed behind anterior margin__________ 7
7. Front of head transversely depressed or flattened behind eyes________~_ 8
Front of head regularly convex behind eyes______ Micrapate Casey, p. 87.

8. Front of head transversely, perpendicularly elevated behind clypeus
Apatides Casey, p. 95.
Front of head not transversely, perpendicularly elevated behind clypeus,
sometimes with a short, more or less distinct, elevation at middle
behind’ clypeus.— 3.) -=_. *~_=_ | ae Bostrychopsis Lesne, p: 97.

Genus BOSTRICHUS Geoffroy

Bostrichus Geoffroy, 1762, Historie Abrégée des Insects, v. 1, pp. 301-303, pl. 5,
fig. 1; Miiller, 1764, Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina, p. xii; Fabricius, 1775,
Systema Entomologie, pp. 59-60 (part); 1777, Genera Insectorum, p. 14;
Stephens, 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, pp. 349-350; Wollaston, 1854,
Ins. Maderensia, p. 288; Thomson, 1859, Skandinaviens Coleopt., v. 1, p. 92;
LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 3 (1) : 208; Thomson, 1863, Skandi-
naviens Coleopt., v. 5, pp. 199-200 ; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch.
Insect Deut., Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 34-37; Seidlitz, 1889, Fauna Transylvanica,
Kaefer, pp. 116, 530; 1889, Fauna Baltica, Kaefer, pp. 116, 495; Lesne, 1899,
Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 442, 447-455.

Bostrychus Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 35, 40-41; Schilsky, in Kiister and
Kraatz, Kafer Europas 36: pp. TT; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 86, 88-90, pl. 1,
fig. 80; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok. 10: 18; Lesne, 1905, Abeille 30: 249; Reitter,
1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, pp. 301, 303; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt.
10, pp. 803, 805; Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 365; Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt, Cat., pt. 161, pp. 31-33.

Apate Redtenbacher, 1845, Gattungen Deut. Kaefer Fauna, p. 94; 1847-1849,
Fauna Austriaca, Kifer, pp. 35, 354; Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863, Genera
Coléopt.. Europe, v. 3, pp. 230, 233, pl. 56, fig. 279; Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neer-
landica, v. 2, pp. 210, 211-212.

Head slightly convex on occiput, transversely flattened behind eyes,
deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus strongly

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 5D

transverse, vaguely, broadly, arcuately emarginate or subtruncate in
front, anterior angles obtuse; clypeal suture usually distinct at middle,
more obsolete toward sides; labrum small, very short, subtruncate and
densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; margins of buccal
cavities not dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less attenuate
toward apices; eyes oval, subglobose, strongly projecting. Antenna
short, 10-segmented; first and second segments robust, oblong, second
shorter than first; third to seventh segments narrower than second,
subequal in length to one another ; last three segments forming a broad,
loose, compressed club, the segments subequal in length to one another,
each with small, round, sensory depressions on each surface, eighth and
ninth subtriangular, tenth oblong. Pronotum strongly convex, den-
tate anteriorly, truncate at base and apex; posterior angles rectangular ;
sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly
convex, arcuately declivous posteriorly, without tubercles on apical
declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slender, slightly
expanded toward apices, not distinctly dentate on exterior margins,
anterior pair with a small arcuate spine at apices; posterior tarsi as
long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than pre-
ceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle
coxae narrowly separated. Posterior coxal cavities not completely
margined on first visible abdominal sternite. Intercoxal process of
abdomen narrowly triangular. Body elongate, slightly depressed.

Genotype.—Dermestes capucinus Linnaeus. (Monobasic.)

Geoffroy (1762) erected the genus Bostrichus for a species without
giving it a specific name, but figured the adult. Schaeffer (1766) also
figured the adult without giving it a name. Linnaeus (1767) under
Dermestes capucinus referred to the figures given by Geoffroy and
Schaeffer as capucinus Linnaeus. Fourcroy (1785) in giving names
to the species in Geoffroy (1762) states that the figure 1 on page 5 was
Dermestes capucinus Linnaeus. Thomson (1859) stated that Der-
mestes capucinus Linnaeus is the type of Bostrichus Geoffroy.

BosTRICHUS CAPUCINUS (Linnaeus)

Dermestes capucinus Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 355; 1761,
Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, p. 142; 1767, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, v. 1, pt. 2, p. 562;
Sulzer, 1776, Geschichte der Insecten, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 5.

Bostrichus sp., Geoffroy, 1762, Histoire Abégée des Insecten, v. 1, pl. 5, fig. 1;
Schaeffer, 1766, Elementa Entomologica, pl. 28.

Bostrichus capucinus Fabricius, 1775, Systema Entomologie, p. 59; 1781, Species
Insectorum, v. 1, p. 67; Fourcroy, 1785, Entomologia Parisiensis, p. 133;
Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insectorum, v. 1, p. 36; Olivier, 1790, Encye.
Méthodique, Insectes, v. 5, pp. 107, 109; Rossi, 1790, Fauna Etrusca, vy. 1, p. 36,
pl. 5, fig. 3; Olivier, 1795, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, pp. 8-9, pl. 1, fig. 1;
Latreille, 1807, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., v. 3, pp. 6-7; Stephens, 1830, Illus.
Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, v. 3, p. 850; Westwood, 1839, Introduction to the
Modern Classification of Insects, v. 1, pp. 276-277, fig. 31, Nos. 4-10; Spry and
Shuckard, 1840, Brit. Coleopt., p. 44, pl. 53, fig. 83; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erich-
son, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut., Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 35-36; Fowler, 1890,
Coleopt. Brit. Isl., v. 4, p. 201, pl. 119, fig. 2.

Bostrychus capucinus Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 18: 40; Lesne, 1899, Soe.
Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 448-455, figs. 49-53; 1901, Abeille 30; SS—90,
pl. 1, fig. 30; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 303, pl. 120, fig. 11; Lesne,
1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 31-33.

Apate capucinus Fabricius, 1792, Ent. System., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 362; Panzer, 1797,
Fauna Ins. Germ., fasc. 48, fig. 18; Paykull, 1800, Fauna Suecica, v. 3, pp. 141-
142; Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 8381; Curtis, 1829, Brit.

56 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ent., v. 6, No. 271, pl. 271; Perris, 1850, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 8:

555-559, pl. 16, figs. 1-8.

Ligniperda capucinus Herbst, 1793, Natursystem Insekten, Kifer, v. 5, pp. 34-36,

pl. 46, fig. 7.

The foregoing bibliography is not complete, as only the more im-
portant articles are cited.

Male.—Elongate, slightly depressed, black, except elytra and four
posterior abdominal sternites, which are red; antennae, palpi, labrum,
and tarsi reddish brown.

Head much narrower than pronotum, uneven, sometimes with a
more or less distinct longitudinal groove on vertex; coarsely, con-
fluently, rugosely punctate, sparsely clothed with long, erect, incon-
spicuous hairs.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half; sides broadly rounded, more strongly con-
verging anteriorly than posteriorly; surface uneven, coarsely, densely,
irregularly punctate, coarsely, confluently granulose between punc-
tures, with numerous, irregularly placed, broad, rasplike teeth at sides
on anterior half, and a transversely arcuate ridge, which is interrupted
at middle, near anterior margin, rather densely clothed with long,
erect, brownish hairs at sides and along anterior margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, with a
narrow, smooth costa extending along lateral margins from humeri
to apical declivity; sides parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at
apices; surface glabrous, shining, densely, deeply, coarsely punctate,
sometimes more or less rugose on apical declivity.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate, sparsely clothed with long,
semierect hairs on sternum and apex of last abdominal sternite, with
very short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs on abdomen. Posterior
tarsi armed on underside with long, silky, brown hairs.

Female.—Difters from the male in not having the long, silky brown
hairs on the underside of the posterior tarsi.

Length 7.5-16 mm., width 2.5-5.5 mm.

Type locality.—Kurope; location of type is unknown to the writer.

Distribution.—This species is found in all of Europe (except Nor-
way, Sweden, Scotland, Ireland, and northern Russia), the Medi-
terranean Islands, Morocco, Algeria, northern Tunis, Asia Minor,
Syria, and Caucasus. Adults of this species were intercepted at
Newark, N. J., and New York in licorice roots from Turkey. Adults
of capucinus were reared from the oak strips used for binding large
quantities of cork stored along the railroad tracks near Nicholson,
Miss., during 1943-44. This material was shipped from northern
Africa. One specimen of the black variety, Bostrichus capucimus var.
luctuosus Olivier, was also reared from the same material. So far as
known, the species has not become established in the United States.

Hosts.—Lesne (1901) states that in the temperate parts of Europe
this species prefers the stumps and large roots of oak, but also lives in
a number of other plants. It has been recorded in the literature as
living in chestnut, locust, mulberry, myrtle, grape, strawberry tree,
English oak (Quercus robur), evergreen oak (Quercus ilex), Quercus
toza, Calyctome spinosa, and the jujube tree (Zizyphus lotus). It has
also been recorded in pine, but this may be an error.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 57

Genus SINOXYLON Duftschmid

Sinorylon Duftschmid, 1825, Fauna Austriae, v. 3, pp. 85-86; Redtenbacher, 1845,
Gattungen Deut. Kaefer Fauna, p. 94; 1847-1849, Fauna Austriaca, Kifer,
pp. 35, 354; Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des Coléopt., v. 4, pp. 534, 588; Jacquelin-
Duval, 1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, pp, 229, 233, pl. 56, fig. 277;
LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 3 (1): 207; Redtenbacher, 1874,
Fauna Austriaca, Kifer, ed. 3, v. 1, p. XCII, vol. 2, p. 65; Kiesenwetter, 1877,
in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut. Coléopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 31-34; Seidlitz,
1889, Fauna Transylvanica, Kaefer, p. 116, 529; 1889, Fauna Baltica, Kaefer,
pp. 116, 495; Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 34, 37-388: Schilsky, 1899, in
Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas, 36: pp. UU, YY-ZZ; Lesne, 1901, Abeille
30: 110-118; Csiki, 1908, Rov. Lapok. 10: 17, 20; Lesne, 1906, Soc. Ent, de
France Ann. 75: 447, 462-545; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, pp. 302,
305; Jakobson, 1913, Kiifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 805, 807; Lesne, 1924, Bostry-
chides de l'Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 115, 176-199; 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coléopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 48-54; 1939, Soc. Zool, de France, Bul. 73:
404-415, figs.

Apatodes Blackburn, 1889, Linn. Soc. N. S, Wales, Proc. (1898), ser. 2, 3: 1429.

Trypocladus Guérin-Ménéville, 1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3:
Bul. p. XVII.

Head strongly convex, not transversely depressed behind eyes,
deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus strongly
transverse, flat, truncate or sinuate in front, with a small tooth on
each side at base of labrum; labrum transverse, broadly rounded, and
densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; mandibles very short,
broad and truncate at apices; eyes small, oval, subglobose, strongly
projecting. Antenna short, 10-segmented; first and second segments
robust, elongate, second shorter than first; third to seventh segments
very short, compact, transverse, narrower than second segment, sub-
equal in length to one another; last three segments forming a loose,
compressed, strongly transverse or flabellate club, with or without dis-
tinct sensory depressions on each surface. Pronotum strongly con-
vex, truncate or arcuately emarginate in front, arcuately emarginate
at base, dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior
margin; sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate or triangu-
lar. Elytra strongly convex, tuberculate on apical declivity. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibiae expanded toward apices, each with a
large, arcuate spine at apex, the anterior and middle pairs dentate on
exterior margins; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae,
apical segment of each shorter than preceding four segments united.
Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Pos-
terior coxal cavities completely margined on first visible abdominal
sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen tabular or triangular. Body
short or elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—Of Sinoxylon, Sinodendron muricatum Fabricius.
(Monobasic.) Of Apatodes, Apatodes macleayit Blackburn.
(Monobasic.) Of Trypocladus, Bostrichus sexdentatum Olivier.
(Present designation. )

This genus contains at least 50 described species, which are distrib-
uted throughout Southern and Central Europe, Asia, Africa, Aus-
tralia, Japan, and Malasia. Some of the species have been carried in
commerce to other parts of the world. Five of the species have been
intercepted at various times in the United States, but so far as known
have not become established.

58 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SINOX¥LON

1; Submarginal carina along lateral margin of elytron sharply elevated pos-
teriorly, curving inward to sutural margin and forming the anterior
margin of apical concavity; antennal club flabellate_ anale Lesne, p. 58.

Submarginal carina along lateral margin of elytron not curving inward,
but following outline of lateral margin; apical declivity not margined
anteriorly; antennal club flabellate, or with segments strongly trans-

VERSO Oe ee: lier. pth capes ys top ty oo a ees de hr
2. Antennal club flabellate, each segment four times as wide as long, first
segment not subtriangular.- .-__ +) “2s conigerum Gerstacker, p. 60.

Antennal club not flabellate, each segment twice as wide as long, first
Sesmentisubtrian oul ar ict. on. \ jy RIE er se a

3. Elytra with costiform tubercles at anterior margin of apical declivity____
Elytra without costiform tubercles at anterior margin of apical de-
ChiVibyew er RA es a re japonicum Lesne, p. 61.

4, Each elytron with three costiform tubercles at anterior margin of apical
declivity, and a triangular, compressed tubercle at middle of declivity
slong suturalimaroime .) 2.) | See ruficorne Fahraeus, p. 62.
Each elytron with one costiform tubercle at anterior margin of apical
declivity and with two conical tubercles placed transversely at middle

of declivity, the outer tubercle short and obtuse at apex, the inner

one long, acute at apex, and placed some distance from _ sutural

i sexdentatum (Olivier), D. 63.

Hq CO

SINOXYLON ANALE Lesne

Sinorylon anale Lesne, 1897, Soc. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 21-22; Stebbing, 1902,
India Dept., Notes on Insects Affecting Forests, No. 1, pp. 16-18, pl. 1, fig. 2;
1903, ibid., No. 2, pp. 166-167; Lesne, 1905, Abeille 30: 250; 1906, Soc. Ent. de
France Ann. 75: 465, 478-482, fig. 517; Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p. 317,
fig. 196; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 4, 14, 18, 19, 50, 62, 95,
96, 104, 112, 114, 115, 167-174, 183, 188, figs. 113-117; Froggatt, 1927, Austral.
Forest Insects and Timber Borers, pp. 18-20, 108, pl. 12, figs. 1-3; Gardner,
1933, Indian Forest Rec. Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 18 (larvae) ; Miller, 1934, Straits
Settlements and Fed. Malay States, Dept. Agr., Sci. Ser. No. 14, pp. 1, 2, 4,
5, 9, 12-15, pl. 1, figs. 2-5; Cann, 1935, Indian Forester 51 (3): 165; Beeson
and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. New Ser., Ent., 2: 226, 229, 285-289,
309-320, fig. 14, pl. 2, fig. A; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.
161, p. 48.

Sinorylon geminatum Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas 36:
No. 80; Lesne, 1902, Abeille 30: 112, 117; 1905, 30: 249.

Apatodes macleayi Blackburn, 1889, Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc. (1888), ser.
2, 3: 1429.

Body short. Black or dark reddish brown, basal half of elytra,
posterior angles of pronotum usually more reddish, the antennae,
palpi, legs, and abdomen in part brownish yellow.

Head with four small tubercles along anterior margin, densely,
coarsely granulose, and sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish
hairs on front, with long, fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput ;
clypeus finely sparsely granulose, with a transverse, sinuate carina
near anterior margin, the carina angulate at middle and extending on
each side to tooth at base of labrum; clypeal suture distinct; labrum
very finely, densely punctate. Antennal club strongly flabellate,
sparsely clothed with fine, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs; first seg-
ment of club narrowest, sides nearly parallel; second wider than
length of first seven segments united; third finely grooved on anterior
surface.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest near middle; sides
slightly rounded posteriorly, more strongly converging anteriorly,
with a small, unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly

L.* Wed eth 2 ; +0 ine ‘ +
Paw BTN, aed. \amre te ee Ad

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 59

rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicu-
ous hairs, finely, sparsely granulose at sides on basal half, imbricate-
punctate at middle on basal half, densely granulose and irregularly
dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and
rasplike. Scutellum triangular.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
submarginal carina sharply elevated along apical declivity, curving
inward along top of apical declivity to sutural margin; surface
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are
denser on apical declivity and along lateral margins, coarsely, densely,
irregularly punctate, usually finely punctate on posterior half of
apical declivity; apical declivity obliquely defiexed, more or less
distinctly margined anteriorly, with two smooth, erect, conical tuber-
cles along sutural margins at middle of declivity, the tubercles nar-
rowly separated at bases, acute and somewhat curved at apices; sutural
margins broad, strongly elevated, and coarsely dentate along inner
margins between tubercles and apices.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with long,
recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite broadly
rounded or subtruncate at apex.

Length 3.5-6 mm., width 2-2.5 mm.

Type locality —Of anale, Belgaum, Bombay Province, India; type
in the Andrewes Collection in the Paris Museum. Of geminatum,
Northern China; type was in Schilsky’s Collection in the Zoological
Museum in Berlin. Of macleayi, Southern Australia; type probably
in South Australian Museum at Adelaide.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout India, Ceylon,
Mesopotamia, Indo-China, Southern China, Malay Archipelago,
Philippines, Australia, Celebes, Java, and New Zealand, and has been
carried in commerce to various parts of the world. Many specimens
have been examined that were intercepted in wooden packing cases,
and in derris and tuba roots at New York; Detroit, Mich.; Philadel-
phia, Pa.; San Francisco, Calif.; Miami, Fla.; and Columbus, Ohio.

Hosts.—This species is considered to be one of the most destructive
wood borers in India, and the adults attack a great variety of plants.
Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded 67 different plants as the host of
this species in India. It is a common species in the forests, timber
depots, sawmills, and factories, and is a primary borer in the sapwood
of logs, and timbers used in building construction, boxes, and packing
cases. The adults tunnel into and oviposit in dying and dead trees,
freshly cut logs, firewood, and old, dry, or even rotting (if dry) mate-
rial, but rarely oviposit in green healthy trees. The adults sometimes
bore into green shoots and twigs for feeding or hibernating, and as
a result, the leaders of seedlings or young saplings may be killed.

This species was described by Lesne (1897) from material collected
at light and under rotten bark. Schilsky (1899) described Sinowylon
geminatum from a single example from Northern China, but Lesne
(1906) states that this locality is doubtful and places gemtnatum as
a synonym of S. anale Lesne. Blackburn (1889) erected the genus
Apatodes for his new species macleayt from southern Australia, but
Froggatt (1927) placed it as a synonym of Sinoxylon anale Lesne.

60 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

SINOXYLON CONIGERUM Gerstacker

Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstiicker, 1855, Monatsberichte der Ko6nigl. Preuss.
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, p. 268; Lacordaire, 1857, Genera des
Coléopt., v. 4, p. 538; Gerstiicker, 1862, in Peters’ Naturw. Reise noch Mos-
sambique, p. 271, pl. 15, fig. 14; Lesne, 1897, Soe. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 21;
1906, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 75: 470, 504-507, fig. 535; Lefroy, 1909, Indian
Insect Life, p. 317; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 175-176; Paoli, |
1938, Prodv. di Ent. Agr. della Som. !tal., p. 293, fig. 149 (publication not |
seen) ; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Ree. New Ser., Ent. 2: 229, 291—
292, 309-320 ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 49.

Body short. Black to dark reddish brown, the antennae, palpi, |
legs, and abdomen in part, light reddish brown or brownish yellow.

Head with four small tubercles along anterior margin, densely,
coarsely granulose, with a few conspicuous hairs on fr ont, with long,
fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus finely sparsely |
granulose, with a transverse, sinuate carina near anterior margin, the |
carina angulate at middle and extending on each side to tooth at
base of labrum; clypeal suture distinct; labrum very finely, densely
punctate. Antennal club strongly flabellate, nearly glabrous; first
segment of club narrowest, sides nearly parallel; second wider than |
length of first seven segments united; third finely grooved on ante- |
rior margin. |

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest along basal half; sides
parallel posteriorly, arcuately converging anteriorly, with a small,
unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles obtusely rounded ;
surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs,
finely, sparsely granulose at sides on basal half, densely, imbricate-
punctate at middle on basal half, the imbrications elongate, densely
eranulose and irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad,
semierect, variable in size, and rasplike. Scutellum triangular.

Elytra. at base subequal in width to pronotum along ‘basal half;
sides sometimes slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly
rounded at apices; submarginal carina following outline of lateral
margin, sharply elevated “along apical declivit y; surface rather
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are
sparser on disk at basal half, densely, coarsely, sometimes confluently
punctate; apical declivity arcuately deflexed, not margined anteriorly,
with two erect, conical tubercles along sutural margins at middle of
declivity, the tubercles narrowly separated, thickened, and dentate
at bases, smooth and acute at apices; sutural margins broad, strongly
elevated, but not dentate along inner margins between tubercles and
apices.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with long,
recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite broadly
rounded or subtruncate at ‘apex.

Length 3.5-6 mm., width 2-2.5 mm.

Type locality. Of conigerum, Mozambique, Portuguese East Af-
rica. Of unidentatum, East India. Present location of these types 1s
unknown to the writer.

Distribution.—This species is common in India and widespread in
the Tropics. The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to lights. It
has been recorded from India, East Africa, Madagascar, Ceylon, Java,
Philippines, Hawaiian Islands, and Venezuela. Many specimens have
been examined that were intercepted at New York in derris roots from

PUL Maa aR Rep TI

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 61

the Philippines, barbasco stems from Venezuela, ebony logs from
Africa, and wooden packing cases from India. So far as known, this
species has not become established in the United States.

Hosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded this species as attacking
Adina cordifolia, Albizzia cimara, Holoptelea integrifolia, Mangifera
indica, Shorea robusta, Terminalia bialata, Terminalia myriocarpa,
and Grewia tiliaefolia. They also stated that this species has been
recorded damaging lead cables in Hawaii. Lesne (1906) recorded it
in the wood of Acacia found in Madagascar.

SINOXYLON JAPONICUM Lesne

Sinorylon japonicum Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 175-176; 1901,
Abeille 30: 111, 116, pl. 4, figs. 102, 103; 1906, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 75:
472, 529-530, figs. 548-549; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, p. 807;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 50.

Body elongate. Black to reddish brown, elytra usually more reddish,
the antennae, palpi, and tarsi brownish yellow.

Head unarmed but declivous along anterior margin, densely, finely
granulose and sparsely clothed with long, erect, inconspicuous hairs
on front, with long, fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput;
clypeus fiat, densely, finely granulose, with a vague, transverse, sinuate
carina near anterior margin extending on each side to tooth at base of
labrum; clypeal suture distinct ; labrum finely, densely punctate. An-
tennal club not flabellate, but segments strongly transverse, densely
clothed with very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment of
club subtriangular, twice as wide as long; second shghtly wider than
first, not as wide as length of first seven segments united; third oblong.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small, unciform
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface
rather densely, irregularly clothed with whitish hairs, which are short
and recumbent on basal half, much longer and erect near anterior
margin, rather sparsely, finely granulose on basal half, densely granu-
lose and irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect,
variable in size, and rasplike, with three or four larger ones on each
side along lateral margin. Scutellum quadrate.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; submarginal
carina following outline of lateral margin, sharply elevated along
apical declivity ; surface rather densely clothed with short, recumbent,
yellowish hairs, densely, coarsely, irregularly punctate, the punctures
more or less confluent on apical declivity; apical declivity arcuately
deflexed, not margined anteriorly, each elytron with a small, trans-
verse gibbosity near lateral margin, and a long, erect, conical tubercle
near middle of declivity, the tubercle rugose, finely pubescent, obtuse
at apex, placed some distance from sutural margin but connected to
it by a vague, transverse carina; sutural margins feebly, broadly
elevated and finely dentate on apical declivity.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with long,
recumbent and erect, yellowish-white hairs; last visible abdominal
sternite broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex.

Length 5-6 mm.., width 2-2.5 mm.

Type locality.—Japan; type in the Paris Museum.

62 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Distribution.—This species has been recorded only from Japan.
There is a single specimen in the United States National Museum
Collection taken in a wooden packing case from Japan, September 16,
1936, by W. F. Clapp. So far this species has not become established
in the United States.

Hosts.—N othing has been recorded on the habits of this species.

Lesne described this species from five specimens, all of which he
designated as types.

SINOXYLON RUFICORNE Fahraeus

Sinoxrylon ruficorne Fahraeus, 1872, Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Foérhandl. 28
(1871) : 665-666; Lesne, 1906, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 75: 471, 513-517, figs.
540-541 ; Lounsbury, 1915, Bul. Ent. Res. 6: 201; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de
Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 177, 180-183, figs. 111-112; 1938, in Junk

' (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 52; Tooke and Scott, 1944, So. Africa Dept. Agr.

and Forestry Bul. 247 (Ent. Ser. 14) : 7, 11-12, fig. 12.

Body short. Black to dark reddish brown. antennae, palpi, and
tarsi yellowish to pale reddish brown.

Head with four small, distinct tubercles along anterior margin,
coarsely, sparsely punctate and sparsely clothed with short, semierect
and recumbent, inconspicuous hairs on front, with long, fine, longi-
tudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus flat, sparsely, finely
granulose, sparsely clothed with short, semierect hairs; clypeal suture
distinct at middle, obsolete at sides; labrum indistinctly punctate.
Antennal club not flabellate, but segments strongly transverse, densely
clothed with very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first segment of
club subtriangular, twice as wide as long; second slightly wider than
first, about as wide as length of first seven segments united; third
oblong.

Bercy shghtly wider than long, widest along basal half; sides
parallel along basal half, arcuately converging anteriorly, with a small,
unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles obtusely rounded;
surface rather densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs,
sparsely, finely granulose on basal half, densely granulose and irreg-
ularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in
size, and rasplike, and with four or five larger tubercles on each side
along lateral margin. :

Klytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along basal half; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
submarginal carina following outline of lateral margin, sharply ele-
vated along apical declivity; basal margin thickened and densely,
finely tuberculate; surface rather densely clothed with very short, re-
cumbent, yellowish hairs, coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the
punctures more or less confluent on apical declivity; apical declivity
obliquely deflexed, each elytron with three costiform tubercles at
top of declivity, and a long, smooth, erect, shghtly divergent, tri-
angular tubercle near middle of declivity, the tubercle placed at inner
edge of sutural margin, compressed laterally, slightly concave on
inner surface, acute at apex, and at bottom connected to sutural
margin by a vague, transverse carina; sutural margins broadly
strongly elevated on apical declivity, with inner margins crenulate.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate or rugose, densely clothed with
long, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite
broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 63.

Length 5-7 mm., width 2-3 mm. ners

Type locality—Caftraria, Southern Africa; type in either the
Stockholm or the Géteberg Museum.

Distribution—Recorded throughout all of tropical and southern
Africa. A good series of adults was intercepted at New York, De-
cember 3, 1941, in Dalbergia melanoxylon logs from Mozambique,
Portuguese East Africa. So far as known, the species has not become
established in the United States.

Hosts——Lesne (1924) recorded the adults making burrows during
September and October in the small branches of casuarines and also
in the wooden pickets of ‘“Mopasie” used in the construction of the
native huts. Lounsburg (1915) recorded the species as boring into
the lead-covered aerial cables in the Union of South Africa. Tooke
and Scott (1944) reported it as a frequent borer in Hucalyptus and
Acacia, and probably attacking logs of all the Leguminosae. Al-
though this species is primarily a borer in the sapwood of logs, the
adults sometimes bore into the green shoots and twigs of Acacia to
feed, and frequently kill the leaders of seedlings and young saplings.

SINOXYLON SEXDENTATUM (Olivier)

Bostrichus sexdentatuwm Olivier, 1790, Encye. Méthodique, Insects, v. 5, pp. 107,
110; 1795, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, pp. 12-13, pl. 1, figs. 3a—b.

Apate sexrdentatum Perris, 1850, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 8: 559-562, pl.
16, figs. 9-11.

Sinogylon sexdentatum Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe,
f. 3, pl. 56, fig. 277; Kiesenwetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insects.
Deut., Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 33-84; Rey, 1887, Lyon Soc. Linn. Ann. (ser. 2)
33 (1886) : 220; Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 138: 37; Schilsky, 1899, in
Kuster and Kraatz, Kafer Europas, 36, No. 83; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 111,
113-114, pl. 4, figs. 97, 98; 1906, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 75: 472, 518-524,
figs. 543-544; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica 3: 305; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer
Russland, pt. 10, p. 807, pl. 44, fig. 11; Balachowsky, 1935, Insectes Nuisibles
aux Plantes Cultivées, pp. 648-650; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, pp. 52-53.

Synorylon sexdentatum Perris, 1877, Larves de Coléoptéres, p. 219.

Apate bidens Fabricius, 1798, Entomologia Systematica, Sup., p. 157; 1801,
Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 381.

The above-mentioned list of citations is not complete, only a few of
the more important ones being given.

Body short. Black, except elytra, antennae, palpi, and tarsi, which

xe y) p x ? / if } / 3

are reddish brown or brownish yellow.

Head unarmed along anterior margin, finely, densely granulose,
and sparsely clothed with long, recumbent, whitish hairs on front,
with long, fine, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput; clypeus
densely, finely granulose, longitudinally carinate at middle, with a
transverse, sinuate carina hear anterior margin extending on each
side to tooth at base of labrum; clypeal suture distinct at middle, more
or less obsolete toward sides; labrum finely, densely punctate. An-
tennal club not flabellate, but segments strongly transverse, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, with distinct
yellow pubescent spots; first segment of club subtriangular, twice as
wide as long; second subtriangular, slightly wider than first, not
as wide as length of first seven segments united; third oblong.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small, unciform
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface

64 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

sparsely, irregularly clothed with long, erect and recumbent, whitish
hairs, sparsely granulose on basal half, the granules elongate on
median area, densely granulose and irregularly dentate on apical half,
the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike, especially on
top of disk, and with three to four larger tubercles on each side along
lateral margin. Scutellum triangular.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
submarginal carina following outline of lateral margin, sharply ele-
vated along apical declivity ; surface rather densely, irregularly clothed
with erect, arcuate, yellowish or whitish hairs, which are denser and
much longer toward sides, coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, the
punctures somewhat finer near apices; apical declivity arcuately de-
flexed, not margined anteriorly, each elytron with a costiform tubercle
at top of declivity, and two smooth, erect tubercles placed transversely
at middle of declivity, the inner tubercle long, slightly divergent, acute
at apex, placed some distance from sutural margin, outer tubercle
short, obtuse at apex; sutural margins not elevated on apical declivity.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, rather densely clothed with
long, recumbent and semierect, whitish hairs; last visible abdominal
sternite broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex.

Length 3.5-6 mm., width 1.75-2.5 mm.

Type locality —Of sexdentatum, Provence, France; present location
of type is unknown to writer. Of d¢dens, Tangier, Morocco; type in
the Copenhagen Museum.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout the greater
part of the Mediterranean region, both in Europe and Africa. Speci-
mens were intercepted at New York, October 20, 1941, and January
29, 1946, in wooden slats around bundles of cork from Portugal. So
far as known, this species has not become established in the United
States.

Hosts—The larvae of this species lve in the dead and dying
branches of various nonconiferous trees, but in France and Italy pre-
fer the fig and grape. The species has also been recorded in mul-
berry, locust, olive, clematis, rose, ivy, chestnut, peach, pear, elm,
Quercus ilex, Acacia dealbata, Acacia eburnea, Paliurus aculeatus,
and Arundo donaz.

Olivier (1790) described sexdentatum from specimens collected in
grape wood. Fabricius (1798) described bédens from Tangier.
Lesne (1901), on the basis of Meinert’s comparison of a specimen
of sexdentatum Olivier with the type of bidens Fabricius in the Mu-
seum at Copenhagen, placed bidens Fabricius (1798) as a synonym
of sexdentatum Olivier (1790).

Genus BOSTRYCHOPLITES Lesne

Bostrychoplites Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 448, 565-581;
Schilsky, 1899, Kifer Europas 36: p. UU; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 87, 96-97;
Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 8038, 806; Lesne, 1924, Bostry-
chides de |’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 114, 148-169 ; 1988, in Junk (pub.)
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 48-44.

Head strong convex on occiput, broadly, deeply, transversely con-
cave behind eyes, deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from
above; clypeus convex, broadly transverse, broadly emarginate in

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 65

front, anterior angles more or less acute and projecting, embracing
sides of labrum; clypeal suture distinct or obsolete; labrum short,
strongly transverse, truncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow
hairs in front; margins of buccal cavities dentate below eyes; man-
dibles more or less attenuate toward apices; eyes round, globose,
strongly projecting. Antenna short, 10-segmented, first and sec-
ond segments robust, elongate, second shorter than first; third to
seventh segments short, oval, becoming transverse toward seventh,
subequal in length to one another; last three segments forming a
broad, loose, compressed club, with more or less distinct round, sen-
sory depressions on each surface, the segments subequal in length
to one another, the eighth and ninth transverse, truncate at apices,
tenth oblong, narrower than ninth.

Pronotum strongly convex, emarginate in front, truncate at base,
dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior mar-
gin; sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra
strongly convex, with or without longitudinal costae, without dis-
tinct tubercles on apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length;
tibia slightly expanded toward apices, anterior and middle pairs
dentate on exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex;
posterior tarsi as long as or longer than tibiae, apical segment of
each shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae
contiguous. Middle coxae rather broadly separated. Posterior coxal
cavities completely margined on first visible abdominal sternite.
Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or narrowly triangular. Body
elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—Bostrichus cornutus Olivier. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1899) erected the genus Bostrychoplites for 11 African spe-
cles without designating a genotype.

BOSTRYCHOPLITES CORNUTUS (Olivier)

Bostrichus cornutus Olivier, 1790, Ency. Méthodique, Insectes, v. 5, pp. 106, 108;
1775, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 5a-b-c; Fahraeus, 1872,
Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 28 (1871) : 668.

Apate cornutus Fabricius, 1792, Ent. System., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 360; Herbst, 1798,
Natursystem Insekten Kifer, v. 5, pp. 72-78; Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleu-
theratorum, v. 1, p. 380.

Bostrychoplites cornutus Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 568,
572-5738; figs. 34, 178, 181, 185-187; 1924, Bostrychides de l'Afrique Tropicale
Francaise, pp. 150, 156-158, figs. 16, 88-90; 1938; in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat.,
pt. 161, p. 483; Tooke and Scott, 1944, So. Africa Dept. Agr. and Forestry, Bul.
247 (Ent. Ser. 14) : 6, fig. 3.

Apate destructor Burchell, 1822, Travels in the Interior of South Africa, v. 1,
p. 3825 (publication not seen).

Male.—Black to dark reddish brown, the palpi, antennae, and tarsi
more reddish brown.

Head much narrower than pronotum, coarsely, irregularly punc-
tate anteriorly, coarsely granulose and with short, longitudinal costae
on occiput, sparsely clothed with short, semierect, whitish hairs ante-
riorly and on clypeus, with a few long, erect hairs intermixed; clypeus
uneven, coarsely granulose, broadly, transversely flattened and smooth
at middle, anterior angles acute; clypeal suture indicated at middle,
obsolete at sides.

Pronotum (not including apical horns) slightly transverse, widest
along apical half, strongly deflexed anteriorly, with a narrow, longi-

842409—50—_5

66 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

tudinal, median, smooth line, sometimes extending from base to apex;
sides arcuately converging posteriorly, parallel anteriorly, produced
into a long, slightly arcuate horn at apical angles, the horn not hooked
at apex; posterior angles rounded or rectangular; surface densely,
coarsely, uniformly granulose, with a few large erect tubercles ante-
riorly and on apical horns, sparsely, uniformly clothed with very
short, semierect, whitish, scalelike hairs, with numerous very long,
erect, yellowish hairs on apical declivity and along anterior margin.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum along apical half,
slightly sinuate at base; sides nearly parallel, conjointly broadly
rounded at apices, the margins finely granulose posteriorly; surface
densely, coarsely, irregularly punctate, rugose or coarsely granulose
on intervals, sparsely, uniformly clothed with very short, recumbent,
whitish, scalelike hairs. Each elytron with five more or less distinct,
crenulate, longitudinal costae; first and second distinct, extending
from base to near apex; third and fourth more or less obsolete; fifth
extending along lateral margin from base to apex, thickened and
strongly elevated along apical fifth.

Body beneath rather densely clothed with short, semierect, yellow-
ish hairs; abdomen coarsely, densely, uniformly granulose; mesoster-
num and metasternum densely, coarsely, irregularly punctate. Ante-
rior coxal cavities closed posteriorly.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the pronotum slightly
narrower or subequal in width to the elytra, the clypeus not distinctly
flattened at the middle, and the front of the pronotum not clothed
with long, erect yellow hairs.

Length 6.5-17 mm., width 1.75-5.5 mm.

Type locality.—Bourbon Island; location of type unknown to writer.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout all parts of
Southern and Tropical Africa, Western Arabia, Madagascar, and the
Mascarene, Comoro, and Bourbon Islands. A single specimen was col-
lected at St. Albans, Vt., September 20, 1939, with hazelnuts from
Canada.

Hosts.—Burchell (1822) recorded this species burrowing in the dead
limbs of Acacia along the Orange River, in Griqualand, Africa.
Lesne (1924) recorded it in Huphorbia intisy. Tooke and Scott (1944)
reported this species as attacking bamboo, and logs and poles of
eucalyptus, particularly Hucalyptus saligna.

The adults of cornutus are nocturnal and are commonly found
only after sundown. There is a specimen of cornutus in the Dejean
Collection labeled A pate destructor Burchell.

Genus AMPHICERUS LeConte

Amphicerus LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 8 (1): 208; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17: 541, 546-548; LeConte and Horn, 18838,
Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 507: 228; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6:
66, 68-70; Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 502; 1937, Soc.
Ent. de France Bul. 42: 238; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., .pt. 161, pp.
40-42.

Caenophrada Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6) 1: 350.

Schistoceros Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 442, 502-524;
Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer EHuropas 36: p. TT; Lesne, 1901,
Abeille 30: 86, 92-93, pl. 1, fig. 28; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok. 10: 18, 19;
Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, v. 3, p. 301; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland,

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 67

pt. 10, pp. 803, 805; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Francaise,

pp. 114, 131-133; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 13-14,

pl. 4, figs. 48-44.

Head slightly convex on vertex, flattened or transversely concave
behind eyes, deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above;
clypeus long, strongly transverse, flattened, broadly, shallowly, arcu-
ately emarginate in front, anterior angles acute; clypeal suture obso-
lete or distinct at middle; labrum short, strongly transverse, sub-
truncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; margins
of buccal cavities not dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less
attenuate toward apices; eyes round or oval, sometimes globose.
strongly projecting. Antenna short, 9— or 10-segmented; first and
second segments robust, elongate, second shorter than first; third to
sixth or seventh segments short, round or transverse, sometimes nar-
rower than second, subequal in length to one another; last three seg-
ments forming a broad, loose, compressed club, each segment with two
or three long, sensory depressions on each surface, the first and second
seoments of club usually subequal in length to each other, round,
subquadrate or subtriangular, apical segment oblong or oval. Rarely
with a 2-segmented club. Pronotum strongly convex, truncate at
base, truncate, rounded, or emarginate in front, dentate anteriorly, not
transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides not margined;
posterior angles rounded. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra
strongly convex, abruptly declivous posteriorly, with or without tuber-
cles on apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae ex-
panded toward apices, usually dentate on exterior margins, anterior
pair with a large, arcuate spine at apices; posterior tarsi as long as, or
longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than preceding four
segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae nar-
rowly separated. Posterior coxal cavities completely margined on
first visible and abdominal sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen
tabular or narrowly triangular. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype-—Of Amphicerus, Apate bicaudatus Say. (Present
designation.) Of Caenophrada, Caenophrada anobioides Water-
house. (Monobasic.) Of Schistoceros, Bostrichus bimaculatus
Olivier. (Present designation.)

LeConte (1861) erected Amphicerus for Apate bicaudatus Say,
Apate aspericollis Germar, and Bostrichus punctipennis LeConte,
without designating a genotype.

Waterhouse (1888) erected the genus Caenophrada for his new
species anobioides from North India, but Lesne (1938) placed it as
a synonym of Amphicerus.

Lesne (1899) erected Schistoceros for 11 species without designat-
ing a genotype. Lesne stated that Amphicerus LeConte was pre-
occupied by Amphicerus Gray (1847) in the mollusks and suppressed
it under his new genus Schistoceros. In 1937, however, he reversed
his decision, but divided the genus into two subgenera, conserving the
name Amphicerus for the species in which both sexes have the horns
of the prothorax, and Schistoceros for those in which the females or
both sexes have the prothorax rounded and unarmed at the anterior
margin.

The species of this genus are distributed throughout North, Central,
and South America, Mexico, West Indies, Hawaii, Indo-China, India,
Malaysia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean Region.

68 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AMPHICERUS

1. Prothorax armed with horns in both sexes__subgenus Amphicerus LeConte 2

Prothorax not armed with horns in both sexes__subgenus Schistoceros Lesne 3
iadlytha pubescent ees 2 22... J Ae ee bicaudatis (Say), p. 68.
Bilytra not pubescent 264= -2 1). 1S eae cornutus (Pallas), p. 70.
3. Pronotum with a large patch of dense white pubescence, concealing the
surface at each side on basal half__------- bimaculatus (Olivier), p. 72.

ih)

Pronotum without a large patch of dense white pubescence on each side___ 4

4. Front of head with long, erect hairs; elytra with long, erect hairs over
entire surface; pronotum not distinctly expanded toward base

teres Horn, p. 73.

Front of head without long, erect hairs; elytra without long, erect hairs,

but with a few short ones along lateral margins and at apices; pronotum

strongly expanded toward base_-_---------------simplex (Horn), p. 74.

AMPHICERUS (AMPHICERUS) BICAUDATUS (Say)

Apate bicaudatus Say, 1824, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3: 320-821.

Bostrichus bicaudatus Fitch, 1856, N. Y. State Agr. Soc. Trans. 16: 330; Walsh
and Riley, 1868-1869, Amer. Ent. 1: 80, 206, figs. 69, 141; Walsh, 1866, Pract.
Ent. 1: 27, fig.; Riley, 1872, Ins. Missouri, Rpt. 4, pp. 51, 58, figs. 24-25; 1873,
ibid., Rpt. 5, p. 54.

Amphicerus bicaudatus Shimer, 1868, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 2: Proce. pp. VIII-
IX; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 547-548; Saunders, 1883, Insects
Injurious to Fruits, pp. 33-35, figs. 21-22 ; Hubbard, 1888, Ent. Amer. 4: 95-96;
Lintner, 1896, N. Y. State Mus., Rpt. 49 (1895), p. 268; Casey, 1898, N. Y.
Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 69; Marlatt, 1898, U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bul. 70, pp.
11-16, fig. 6; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 889-890; Leonard,
1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 415; Brimley, 1938, Insects of
North Carolina, p. 197.

Schistoceros hamatus Lesne, 1899 (not Fabricius), Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
(1898) 67: 506, 513-517, figs. 48, 106, 117; Quaintance and Shear, 1921, U. S.
Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bul. 1220, pp. 38-39, figs. 39-40.

Amphicerus hamatus Lesne, 1938 (not Fabricius), in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat.,
pt. 161, p. 41; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9): 390, fig. 24
(larvae) ; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Amphicerus gracilis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 68-69; Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 41; Brimley, 1938, Insects of North
Carolina, p. 197. (New synonymy.)

Apate serricollis Germar, 1824, Insectorum Species Novae, v. 1, p. 464; Chevrolat,
1861, Soc. Ent. de France (ser. 4) 1: 392.

Apate aspericollis Germar, 1824, Insectorum Species Novae, v. 1, p. 465.

Citations to the literature are not complete; only the more important
ones have been given.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly reddish brown to brownish
black, the antennae, palpi, and legs slightly paler; dorsal surface of
body sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Head much narrower than pronotum, transversely flattened behind
eyes, smooth at middle of flattened area, finely, irregularly granulose,
with a few larger granules and dense, long, erect hairs on front and
clypeus, and with short, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput;
clypeal suture slightly indicated, sometimes obsolete at sides; labrum
finely, densely punctate; first segment of antennal club quadrate.

Pronotum quadrate, arcuately emarginate in front, widest at mid-
dle, strongly deflexed anteriorly ; sides broadly rounded, produced into
a short, unciform horn at apical angles; surface densely, coarsely im-
bricate-punctate on basal half, densely, coarsely tuberculate on apical
half, the tubercles broad, semierect, and rasplike, with four large rasp-

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 69

like tubercles on each side along lateral margin. Scutellum densely
clothed with short, yellowish hairs.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate
at base, each elytron with a large, arcuate spine or tubercle at top
of apical declivity, the tubercles turned inward toward sutural mar-
gins; sutural margins slightly elevated on apical declivity; sides paral-
lel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, the margins thickened and
elevated toward apices; surface coarsely, irregularly, more or less
confluently punctate.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, with a few large punctures
intermixed on abdomen, densely, uniformly clothed with short, recum-
bent, yellowish-white hairs, with a few long, erect, yellowish hairs on
abdominal sternites.

Female.—Differs from the male in having a vague costiform cal-
losity on each elytron at the top of the apical declivity.

Length 6-11.5 mm., width 1.2-3.5 mm.

Type locality —Of bicaudatus, above the mouth of the Ohio River.
Since the type of this species is lost, the writer is designating a male
specimen in the United States National Museum labeled “Charleston,
Mo.,” collected in a trap lantern, April 18, 1917, by A. F. Satterthwait,
as neotype. Of serricollis and aspericollis, Kentucky ; present location
of types unknown to writer. Of gracilis, Kansas; type in the Casey
Collection in the United States National Museum.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout southeastern
Canada and the greater part of the United States east of the Rocky
Mountains. Specimens have been examined from Alabama, Arkansas,
Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ne-
braska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Hosts.—Marlatt (1898) and Quaintance and Shear (1921) re-
corded bicaudatus as breeding in dying wood, such as large prunings,
exposed roots of maple, and diseased and dying branches of most
shade and fruit trees. Hubbard (1888) observed the larvae in the
underground stems or roots of a species of Smilax at Crescent City,
Fla. So far as is known it will not breed in old, dry wood or in vigor-
ous live growth, but seems to need wood in a dying or diseased condi-
tion. The adults have been recorded as attacking living twigs or
small branches of white ash, butternut, pecan, hickory, pear, apple,
apricot, plum, peach, cherry, and grape. Injuries by this species
seem to be confined to the adults, which bore into the live twigs im-
mediately above a bud. Undoubtedly this boring is partly for food,
and certainly has nothing to do with egg laying. The injury to grape
canes and apple twigs results in the wilting and dying of the adja-
cent shoots, and in some cases grapevines have been killed during
the early spring months.

Horn (1878) suggested that Apate hamatus described by Fabri-
cius® from Saxony, might by chance be the species described by Say
(1824) from America as A pate bicaudatus. Lesne (1899) suppressed
bicaudatus Say as a synonym of hamatus Fabricius, without giving

° Fabricius, J.C. MANTISSA INSECTORUM, V. 5, p. 33. 1787.

70 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

any explanation, perhaps on the above suggestion by Horn. Prior
authors, Olivier, Fabricius,’ and Herbst § all cite Fabricius (1787) and
give the habitat as Saxony. After these dates no mention was made
of hamatus until Horn (1878) cited it as synonymous with bicaudatus,
and was followed by Lesne (1899). Other than the type locality, no
European record of hamatus has been published, and use of this name
for the North American species seems unwise until the type can be
critically restudied.

Germar (1824) described serricollis ( 6) and aspericollis ( 2 ), both
from Kentucky, but both species have been placed as synonyms of
bicaudatus. Casey (1898) based his description of gracilis on four
specimens from Kansas, Iowa, and North Carolina, but after studying
these types, the writer is unable to separate gracilis from bicaudatus.

In this species the normal number of segments in the antenna is 10,
with a 3-segmented club, but the number of segments is variable.
The antenna is composed of either 8, 9, or 10 segments, in which case
the club is either 1-, 2-, or 3-segmented, and sometimes the number of
segments varies on the two antennae.

AMPHICERUS (AMPHICERUS) CORNUTUS (Pallas)

Ligniperda cornuta Pallas, 1772, Spicilegia Zoologica, v. 1, pt. 9, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Bostrychus cornutus Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334.

Schistoceros cornutus Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898), 67: 506,
510-518, figs. 105, 110-118, 115; 1910, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul. 16: 185-186.

Amphicerus cornutus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 40-41;
1939, Rev. Frane. Ent. 6: 91, 97; Anderson, 1989, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29
(9): 890, figs. 23, 29, 34 (larvae) ; Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina, p.
197; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 198.

Ligniperda (?) bicornutus Latreille, 1833, Voy. Humboldt, v. 2, p. 65, pl. 34, fig.
6 (publication not available).

Apate punctipennis LeConte, 1858, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 10: 73; Gorham,
1883, Biol. Centr-Amer., Coleopt. 3 (2) : 213; Herbert, 1920, Jour. Econ. Ent. 13:
361.

Amphicerus punctipennis Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 547; Hubbard,
1888, Ent. Amer. 4: 95-96; Coquillett, 1892, Insect Life 4: 261; Casey, 1898,
N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 68; Marlatt, 1898, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 70,
Dyed 4,

Bostrichus peregrinus Erichson, 1847, in Wiegmann’s Arch. f. Naturgesch. 13
Gyr 2S

Schistoceros peregrinus Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
620-621.

Bostrichus migrator Sharp, 1885, Roy. Dublin Soe. Sci. Trans. (ser. 2) 3: 160—
161; Gorham, 1886, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 3, pt. 2: 352.

Amphicerus maritimus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 68; Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p.41. (New synonymy. )

Male.——Klongate, cylindrical, uniformly brownish black, the anten-
nae and palpi reddish brown.

Head much narrower than pronotum, transversely concave behind
eyes, finely granulose and rugose, densely clothed with long, semierect,
yellowish hairs, and with two small tubercles at middle behind clypeus,
smooth and shining at middle of transverse concave area, and with
short, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput ; clypeus coarsely punc-
tate, finely, sparsely granulose; clypeal suture deeply impressed at

° OLIVIER, A. G. ENCYCLOPEDIE METHODIQUE, INSECTOS, v. 5, p. 108, 1790.

‘FABRICIUS, J. C. ENTOMOLOGICA SYSTEMATICA, vy. 1, pt. 2, pp. 360-361, 1792;
SYSTEMA ELUTHERATORUM, Vv. 2, pp. 380-381, 1801.

*Hersst, N. M. NATURSYSTEM INSEKTEN, Kafer, v. 5, p. 73, 1793.

a <=

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 71

middle, obsolete at sides; labrum finely, densely punctate; first segment
of antennal club quadrate.

Pronotum quadrate, arcuately emarginate in front, widest along
middle, strongly deflexed anteriorly; sides broadly rounded, more
strongly converging anteriorly, produced into a rather large unci-
form horn at apical angles; surface densely, coarsely imbricate-punc-
tate on basal half, densely tuberculate on apical half, the tubercles
broad, semierect, and rasplike, with four or five large rasplike tubercles
on each side along lateral margin, sparsely clothed with short, semi-
erect, yellowish hairs on apical half. Scutellum densely clothed with
short, yellowish hairs. |

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate
at base, each elytron with two costiform tubercles at top of apical de-
clivity; sutural margins slightly elevated on apical declivity; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, the margins strongly
elevated toward apices; surface glabrous, coarsely, rather densely,
irregularly punctate.

Body beneath densely clothed with rather long, recumbent, yellow-
ish hairs; abdomen finely, densely punctate, with numerous large punc-
tures intermixed.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the apical horns on the
pronotum smaller, and without or with only vaguely indicated costi-
form callosities on the apical declivity of the elytra.

Length 8.5-14 mm., width 2.7-5 mm.

Type locality—Of cornutus, Jamaica; type was in the Berlin Mu-
seum. Of dicornutus, original publication not available. Of puncti-
pennis, Texas, California, and Sonora, Mexico; types in the LeConte
Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Of peregrinus, Peru; type was in the Berlin Museum. Of migrator,
Nicaragua and Sandwich Islands; type in the British Museum. Of
maritimus, Galveston, Tex. ; type in the Casey Collection in the United
States National Museum.

Distribution.—Specimens have been examined from many localities
in Arizona, California, Colorado, Utah, Texas, New Mexico, Florida,
Lower California, North Carolina, Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Antigua, and
the Hawaiian Islands. It has been reported also from Brazil. Guate-
mala, Panama, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, and the St. Thomas and St. Mar-
tin Islands. It has been introduced into the Hawaiian Islands, where
it has become acclimated.

Hosts—Herbert (1920) stated that mesquite appears to be the nat-
ural host plant of this species. The species has been recorded as bur-
rowing in apricot. peach, fig, grape, pear, orange, pecan, locust, wild
cotton, bamboo, Vachellia farnesiana, Merostachys racemiflora, and
dry Arthrostylium longifolium used as sheathing on a roof of a house
in Mexico. Hubbard (1888) recorded finding adults of this species in
the half-burned roots of Smilax at Key West, Fla.

Pallas (1772) described cornuta from a female from Jamaica, and
Latreille (1833) described the male of the same species under the name
of bicornutus. Lesne in 1896 placed bicornutus as a synonym of cor-
nutus, and in 1899 also placed peregrinus Erichson (1847), migrator
Sharp (1885), and punctipennis LeConte (1858) as synonyms of cor-
nutus Pallas (1772). After examining the type of Amphicerus mari-

72 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

timus Casey (1898) I am unable to find any constant characters for
separating it from cornutus.

AMPHICERUS (SCHISTOCEROS) BIMACULATUS (Olivier)

Bostrichus bimaculatus Olivier, 1790, Encye. Méthodique, Insectes, v. 5, pp. 107,
109-110 ; 1795, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, pp. 10-11, pl. 2, figs. 14a—b; Kiesen-
wetter, 1877, in Erichson, Naturgesch. Insect. Deut. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, p. 37.

Bostrychus bimaculatus Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 41.

Apate bimaculatus Herbst, 1793, Natursystem Insekten, Kifer, v. 5, p. 75; Jacque-
lin-Duval, 1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v. 3, Cat. p. 167, pl. 56, fig. 279;
Perris, 1877, Larves Coléoptéres, p. 219; Rey, 1887, Lyon Soc. Linn. Ann.
(1886) (ser. 2) 33: 219-220.

Schistoceros bimaculatus Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
508, 520-522, figs. 128-181; Schilsky, 1899, in Kuster and Kraatz, Kifer Europas
36: No. 86; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 93, pl. 2, figs. 36-88 ; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok.
10: 19; Semenov, 1903, Rev. Russe d’Ent. 3: 402; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Ger-
manica, v. 3, p. 301; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, p. 805.

Amphicerus (Schistoceros) bimaculatus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, p. 42.

The bibliography given for this species is not complete, as only the
more important articles have been cited.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly black or brownish black,
the antennae, palpi, and tarsi brownish yellow.

Head much narrower than pronotum, slightly flattened behind eyes,
densely, finely granulose over entire surface, with fine, longitudinal,
parallel carinae on occiput, densely clothed with long, erect, yellowish
hairs on clypeus and front of head; clypeus nearly flat, coarsely,
sparsely punctate, smooth along anterior margin; clypeal suture not
distinct; labrum finely, densely punctate, first segment of antennal
club subtriangular, produced on outer side at apex; eyes small, trans-
verse.

Pronotum quadrate, rounded in front, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed anteriorly; sides very broadly rounded, the apical angles
rounded and unarmed; surface coarsely imbricate-punctate on basal
half, coarsely, sparsely tuberculate anteriorly, the tubercles broad,
semierect, and rather acutely rounded at apices, densely, irregularly
clothed with semierect, yellowish hairs between tubercles on apical
half, with a large patch of long, recumbent, white pubescence, con-
cealing the surface, at each side on basal half. Scutellum densely
clothed with moderately long, erect, yellowish hairs.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, sinuate at
base, each elytron with a short, arcuate spine at top of apical declivity,
and a small tooth at apical angle of sutural margin; sutural margins
slightly elevated on apical declivity; sides vaguely expanded pos-
teriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, margins not elevated
but crenulate toward apices; surface coarsely, sparsely, very irregu-
larly punctate, more or less rugose, irregularly clothed with rather
dense patches of moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, the
reliefs smooth and shining.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with long,
recumbent, white hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the apical declivity of the
elytra coarsely, densely, irregularly granulose, each elytron with a
round callosity at the top of the apical declivity, and in not having a
small tooth at the apices of the elytra.

Length 5-11 mm., width 2-3.2 mm.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 73

Type locality—Provence, France; type probably in the Paris
Museum.

Distribution.—This species is widely distributed eesti cegton the
Mediterranean Region of Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor. One speci-
men was intercepted at New York, June 1, 1938, in dried roots from
Turkey.

Hosts—This species lives in grape, Lycium, and Tamaria, and Rey
(1877) recorded the larvae living in the trunks of Zamariz and reduc-
ing them to dust.

AMPHICERUS (SCHISTOCEROS) TERES Horn

Amphicerus teres Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 547, 548; Casey, 1898,

N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 70.

Schistoceros teres Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 508-509,

522-523, figs. 132-135.

Amphicerus (Schistoceros) teres Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.

161, p. 42.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, shorter than hamatus, uniformly dark
reddish brown to brownish black, the antennae and palpi brownish
or reddish yellow.

Head much narrower than pronotum, broadly, transversely flattened
behind eyes, with an arcuate carina between flattened area and occi-
put, finely, densely granulose, with a number of larger granules and
densely clothed with long, erect, yellowish hairs on clypeus and con-
vex area behind clypeus, vaguely punctate and granulose on trans-
verse flattened area, with long, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occl-
put; clypeal suture not distinct, sometimes vaguely indicated at
middle; labrum finely, densely punctate; first segment of antennal
club subtriangular, truncate at apex; eyes small and oval.

Pronotum quadrate, vaguely emarginate in front, widest just be-
hind middle, strongly deflexed anteriorly ; sides very broadly rounded,
more strongly converging anteriorly, produced into a small, broad
tubercle at apical angles; surface with numerous short, longitudinal
costae at middle of basal half, densely tuberculate on apical half, some
of the tubercles broad, semierect, and rasplike, with four or five larger
tubercles on each side along lateral margin, sparsely clothed with long,
erect, inconspicuous hairs on apical half and toward sides. Scutellum
nearly glabrous.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum near middle, trun-
cate at base, without tubercles or callosities on apical declivity; sutural
margins thickened and strongly elevated at middle of apical declivity ;
sides slightly expanded posteriorly, truncate or subtruncate at apices,
margins not elevated; surface coarsely, deeply, densely, irregularly
punctate, sparsely clothed with rather long, erect, yellowish hairs.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely, shallowly punctate, rather densely
clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs; metasternum and meso-
sternum sparsely, finely, shallowly punctate, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the pronotum rounded or
subtruncate and unarmed at apical angles, the sides of the elytra par-
allel, and the eyes large and round.

Length 6-8 mm., width 2-2.5 mm.

Type locality —Fort Yuma, Calif.; type in the Horn Collection in
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

74. MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Distribution.—From material examined:

Arizona: Douglas, June 19, 1945 (W. W. Jones). Hot Springs, June 27 (Barber
and Schwarz). San Simon, July 7 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Sabino Canyon,
June 20, 1918 (G. Hofer).

CALIFORNIA: Indio (A. C. Davis).

TrxAS: Presidio, May 22, 1945.

Hosts——This species has been reared from Hymenoclea monogyra
collected in Sabino Canyon, Ariz., by G. Hofer.

AMPHICERUS (SCHISTOCEROS) SIMPLEX (Horn)

Sinoxylon simplex Horn, 1885, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 12: 155.

Micrapate simplex Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 72, 73.

Schistoceros simplex Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de Franee Ann. (1898) 67: 509, 523-
524, figs. 184-135.

Amphicerus (Schistoceros) simplex Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat.,
pt. 161, p. 42.

Amphicerus brevicollis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 69-70; Lesne, 19387,
Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 42: 238.

Amphicerus grandicollis Casey, 1898, N. ¥Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 69, 70; Lesne, 19388,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 41. (New synonymy.)

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly reddish brown to brownish

black, the palpi and antennae yellowish brown.

Head much narrower than pronotum, transversely flattened behind
eyes, coarsely, sparsely granulose and densely clothed with short, erect,
yellowish hairs behind clypeus, finely granulose and nearly smooth
on transverse flattened area, with long, longitudinal parallel carinae
on occiput; clypeus flat, sparsely, coarsely granulose, densely clothed
with short, erect, yellowish hairs; clypeal suture distinct; labrum
finely, densely punctate; first segment of antennal club subtriangular.

Pronotum quadrate, arcuately emarginate in front, widest behind
middle, strongly deflexed anteriorly; sides broadly rounded, more
strongly converging anteriorly, produced into a short, unciform horn
at apical angles; surface finely costulate-punctate on basal half,
densely tuberculate on apical half, the tubercles broad, semierect, rasp-
like, and rather acute at apices, with six to eight larger tubercles on
each side along lateral margin, and with a few short, erect hairs on
apical half. Scutellum nearly glabrous.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum at middle, truncate
at base, without tubercles or callosities on apical declivity ; sutural mar-
gins strongly elevated on apical declivity; sides slightly expanded pos-
teriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, margins not elevated ;
surface coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate, more or less rugose,
with a few very short, erect hairs.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with short,
recumbent hairs on mesosternum and metasternum, densely clothed
with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs on abdomen.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the elytra at base subequal
in width to the pronotum near the middle, the pronotum truncate or
rounded in front, without horns at the apical angles, and the sides of the
elytra parallel. |

Length 6.5-9 mm., width 2-3 mm.

Type locality —Of simplex, Southwestern Texas; type in the Horn
Collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Of
brevicollis and grandicollis, El Paso, Tex.; types in the Casey Collec-
tion in the United States National Museum.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 75

Distribution—From material examined:

Arizona: Hot Springs, June 21-27 (Barber and Schwarz). Oracle, July 11; Cata-
lina Springs, May; and Tucson, June 22 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Cotton City,
August 5, 1919; and Sabino Canyon, June 8, 1919 (G. Hofer). Santa Catalina
Mountains (M. Chrisman). Cat Pass, Tucson Mountains, August 29, 1913
(W. D. Pierce). ;

New Mexico: Mesilla Park, June 8 (H. F. Wickham). Demming, July 2, 1937

(C. E. Burt).
Texas: El Paso (types of brevicollis and grandicollis). Eagle Pass, April 24,

1944.

Hosts—This species has been reared from little-leaf horsebean
(Parkinsonia microphylla), palo-verde (Cercidium torreyanum),
and mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens).

Casey (1898) described brevicollis from four specimens and
grandicollis from a single male, all from the same locality. Lesne
(1937) placed brevicollis as a synonym of simplex Horn in his sub-
genus Schistoceros. After studying the type of grandicollis the writer
is unable to separate it from simplex.

Genus LICHENOPHANES Lesne

Lichenophanes Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 448, 357-502;
Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kafer Europas, 36: p. UU; Lesne, 1901,
Abeille 30: 86, 90-92, pl. 1, fig. 27; Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 2, pp.
210, 212; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok. 10: 18; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, 3:
301, 303; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 803, 805; Lesne, 1924,
Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 113, 115-131, figs. 63-70;
1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt, Cat., pt. 161, pp. 33-36.

Bostrichus LeConte, 1861, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 3 (1): 208; Horn, 1878,
Amer. Phil Soc. Proc. 17: 545-546; LeConte and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst.
Mise. Collect. 507: 228; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 71-72.

Head slightly convex, deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from
above; clypeus strongly transverse, flat or slightly convex, broadly
rounded at anterior angles (except in truncaticollis), subtruncate or
vaguely emarginate in front; clypeal suture distinct or obsolete; lab-
rum short, transverse, truncate or vaguely emarginate and densely
ciliate with long, blackish or yellow hairs in front; margins of buccal
cavities not dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less attenuate to-
ward apices; eyes round or oval, globose, strongly projecting. An-
tenna 9- or 10-segmented:; first and second segments robust, oblong,
second shorter than first; third to sixth or seventh narrow, subequal in
length to one another, the third and fourth slightly elongate, fifth
round, sixth or seventh slightly transverse; last three segments form-
ing a broad, loose, compressed club, each with two small round sensory
depressions on each surface, first and second segments of club subglo-
bose, oval, or slightly transverse, apical segment oblong, broadly
rounded at apex, longer than the first or second. Pronotum strongly
convex, truncate at base, emarginate in front, dentate anteriorly; sides
not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex,
with or without longitudinal costae, sometimes lobed or tuberculate at
base, arcuately declivous posteriorly, with or without tubercles on
apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slightly ex-
panded toward apices, anterior pair dentate on exterior margins, each
with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer
than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than preceding four seg-
ments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly

76 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

separated. Posterior coxal cavities completely margined on first visi-
ble abdominal sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or nar-
rowly triangular. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—A pate varia Illiger. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1899) erected this genus for 24 species without designating
a genotype. The species of this genus are distributed throughout all
parts of Africa, southeastern Asia, and the greater part of America,
and one species has been described from Europe and another one from
Japan. In some species the secondary sexual characters are quite
distinct in the two sexes, whereas in other species these characters are
not noticeable.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LICHENOPHANES

i ePronotum infront with two unciform’ processes a oes eee eee 2
Pronotum in front without unciform processes, simply arcuately emargi-
nate.Or truncate =4-5- 2+ 16 5 ee ee 6
2. Elytra with tufts of erect, blackish hairs__ fasciculatus (Fall), p. 76.
lytra without cuits Ofserect, blackish: hainseee== ses == oon e ee eae 3

3. Dull bluish black; labrum with a fringe of black hairs interrupted at
middle; pronotum with two round depressions in front of scutellum;
declivity of elytron with a costiform tubercle__ spectabilis Lesne, p. 77.

Piceous; labrum with a fringe of yellowish hairs not interrupted at middle;
pronotum without depressions in front of scutellum; declivity of elytron

without a costiformsytubercle_._. =. See ee eee 4
4. Antenna 9-segmented; elytra conjointly rounded at apices; pubescence on
elytraislender; bairlike: 2== 4. _ 5a arizonicus, new species, p. 77.
Antenna 10-segmented; elytra conjointly angularly emarginate at apices;
pubescence on elytra not slender, more or less scalelike______________ 5

5. Hairs on elytra not more than twice as long as wide; each elytron with
inner costa strongly elevated and extending from base to apical de-
clivity, the outer costa usually only indicated posteriorly

bicornis (Weber), p. 78.

Hairs on elytra at least three times as long as wide; each elytron with the
inner costa feebly indicated and interrupted, sometimes only indicated
on basal fourth, the outer costa not present__ armiger (LeConte), p. 79.

6. Elytra very sparsely, indistinctly pubescent, the pubescence not forming
spots, each elytron sometimes with two vague costae

californicus (Horn), p. 80.
Elytra distinctly pubescent, the pubescence forming irregular spots,

wibhowt)costae«=s— 24— . 3. f2) 6.» 2 ee 7
7. Antenna 10-segmented; labrum glabrous; clypeus with anterior angles
Tectanculans) ==" eee Es SS ee truncaticollis (LeConte), p. 81.
Antenna 9-segmented; labrum pubescent; clypeus with anterior angles
TOUNGEds eee eae be mutchlert Belkin, p. 82.

LICHENOPHANES FASCICULATUS (Fall)

Bostrichus fasciculatus Fall, 1909, Canad. Ent. 41: 162; Lesne, 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 34.

Since the writer has not examined the type of fasciculatus and the
species has been placed in the key solely upon the characters given in
the original description, it seems advisable to include the following
copy of the original description:

Bostrichus fasciculatus, n. sp.—Blackish-brown, moderately shining. Head
closely punctate, front feebly margined at sides. Prothorax as wide as long,
front margin sinuate, with two slender unciform processes; hind angles promi-
nent, dentiform ; entire upper surface strongly though not very densely tubercu-
late, and clothed thinly with moderately long, recumbent, subinterlacing yellow-
ish-brown hairs, with numerous erect pointed tufts of blackish hairs. Elytra
coarsely, deeply, subcribrately punctate, without costae; vestiture similar to

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE v1

that of the prothorax, the interspersed pointed tufts of blackish hairs longer and
very conspicuous. ,

Length, 7 mm.; width, 2.4 mm. Santa Rosa, Lower California (Beyer). A most
singular insect, totally different in its vestiture from any species previously known
to us.

The elytral fasciculae are approximately as follows: A subsutural series of
three prominent tufts, exterior to which are three or four others less regularly
placed; a sutural series of much smaller tufts, and a number of similar ones
toward the side margin.

LICHENOPHANES SPECTABILIS (Lesne)

Bostrychus spectabilis Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 173; 1899, Ann.
(1898) 67: 464, 494-496, fig. 98; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161,
p. 35.

Specimens of this species have not been seen by the writer and the
species has been placed in the key from the characters given in the
original description. It seems advisable therefore to include the fol-
lowing copy of the original description:

Bostrychus spectabilis, n. sp.—Long, 15% mill.—Allongé, graduellement élongi
en arriére. Noir bluatre mat, plombé. Assez voisin de B. bicornis Web. Suture
fronto-clypéale droite. Bord antérieur de l’épistome frangé de chaque cdté
de poils noirs. Echancrure, antérieur du prothorax large, rectangulaire.
Disque du pronotum avec deux petites fossettes rapprochées, arrondies, peu
enfoncées. Ecusson saillant, inégale. Tubercules juxta-scutellaire trés_ sail-
lants, dentiformes. KHlytres fnats, pontués de gros points allongés et ornés
dosalement d’un réticulum irrégulier et discontinu de cdtes saillantes 4 sommet
lisse et brillant. Ces cdtes présentent des poils trés courts, peu abondants, d’un
roux ardent. Déclivité élytrale trés fortement ponctuée, munie de chaque cdté
supérieurement d’un tubercule costiforme; rebord inférieur briévement incurvé en
dessus latéralement. Suture peu saillante sur la déclivité. Pubescence des pattes
noire.—California (coll. R. Oberthtir).

LICHENOPHANES ARIZONICUS, new species

Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly reddish brown; the palpi, antennae,
and tarsi sometimes slightly paler; dorsal surface of body sparsely,
peseulatly clothed with short, recumbent or semierect, yellowish
airs.

Head much narrower than pronotum, finely, densely tuberculose, the
tubercles distinctly separated on vertex; clypeus slightly convex;
clypeal suture distinct; labrum densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs
in front. Antenna 9-segmented; third segment elongate, twice as
long as fourth, fourth round, fifth and sixth transverse.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half, with two unciform processes in front, with-
out depressions or distinct gibbosities in front of scutellum; sides
broadly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly; posterior
angles slightly rectangular; surface with a narrow, longitudinal,
median, smooth space, densely, coarsely tuberculose, the tubercles
small, round, and polished on basal half, larger, broader, and rasplike
on apical half.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate at
base, without longitudinal costae; sides parallel, conjointly broadly
rounded at apices; surface coarsely, deeply, densely punctate, coarsely
rugose between punctures.

Abdomen beneath very finely, densely granulose, sparsely clothed
with very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

78 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Length 5-7.5 mm., width 1.5-2.5 mm.

Type locality.—Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz.

Type and paratypes.—In the United States National Museum, No.
58313.

Described from five specimens (one type). The type and two
paratypes were collected at the type locality, June 19, by E. A.
Schwarz; and two paratypes from the Brooklyn Museum Collection
were taken in the Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., probably by Charles
Schaeffer. These are probably all females.

This species resembles small specimens of bicornis Weber, but it
differs from that species in having the antenna with only nine seg-
ments, the pronotum convex in front of the scutellum, the elytra
truncate at base and without longitundinal costae, and the dorsal sur-
face of the body irregularly clothed with short, yellowish hairs.

LICHENOPHANES BICORNIS (Weber)

Apate bicornis Weber, 1801, Observationes Entomologicae, pp. 91-92; Melsheimer,
1806, Catalogue of the Insects of Pennsylvania, p. 182; Say, 1824, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. Jour. 3: 319-320.

Bostrichus bicornis Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 545-546; McBride,
1880, Canad, Ent. 12: 107; Packard, 1890, U. S. Ent. Commr. Rpt. 5: 92, fig. 34;
Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 71-72; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of
Indiana, pp. 888, 889 ; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101:
415; Brimley, 1988, Insects of North Carolina, p. 198.

Bostrychus bicornis Hopkins, 1893, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 32: 189; Lintner,
1896, N. Y. State Mus. Rpt. 49 (1895), p. 268.

Lichenophanes bicornis Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898), 67: 462,
481-483, figs. 58, 83, 84; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 33; Ander-
son, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9) : 390, figs. 25, 30, 32 (larvae) ; Belkin,
1940, Ent. News 51: 193.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, dark reddish brown, palpi, antennae,
and tarsi sometimes slightly paler; dorsal surface of body irregularly
clothed with small, oblong, yellowish-white scales, which are not more
than twice as long as wide.

Head much narrower than pronotum, more or less rugose, sparsely,
coarsely tuberculose; clypeus flat; clypeal suture distinct; labrum
densely ciliate with long yellowish hairs in front. Antenna 10-seg-
mented; third segment slightly elongate, fourth to seventh round or
slightly transverse.

Pronotum quadrate, widest near middle, strongly deflexed on apical
half, with two unciform processes in front; without a depression but
with two small gibbosities in front of scutellum; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, posterior angles rec-
tangular; surface with a narrow, longitudinal, median groove on basal
half, densely, irregularly granulose, the tubercles small and round
on basal half, becoming larger, broader, and rasplike on apical half.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, tuberculate
at base, each elytron with two crenulate, longitudinal costae, the
inner costa strongly elevated and extending from base to apical de-
clivity, the outer costa usually only indicated posteriorly; sides par-
allel, conjointly angularly emarginate at apices, with a small, acute
spine on each side of emargination; surface coarsely, deeply, irregu-
larly punctate, more or less rugose, with numerous small, round, pol-
ished tubercles, the scales denser in places giving the surface a
variegated appearance.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 79.

Body beneath very finely, densely, indistinctly granulose, sparsely
clothed with small, recumbent, scalelike, yellowish-white hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in not having an acute spine at the
apex of each elytron.

Length 7-12 mm., width 2-4 mm.

Type locality— America”; present location of type unknown to
writer.

Distribution —This species is common throughout the eastern part
of the United States and Canada. Specimens have been examined
from the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, [llinois, Iowa,
Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New
York, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, 'Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia.

Hosts.—The species is recorded as living in sycamore, hackberry,
oak, pecan, hickory, apple, beech, and elm. The larvae are usually
found under the dead bark and in the dead wood of its hosts, but speci-
mens received from Georgia were reported as boring in the dead
cambium of a live sycamore tree.

This species was described by Weber (1801) from America without
giving any definite locality, and Say (1824) redescribed the same
species as Apate bicornis, giving above the mouth of the Ohio River
as the type locality, and citing this name from the Melsheimer
Catalogue.

LICHENOPHANES ARMIGER (LeConte)

Bostrichus armiger LeConte, 1866, Smithsn, Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 100-101;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 545, 546; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc.
Jour. 6: 71-72; Blatchley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 888, 889.

Lichenophanes armiger Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 462,
480-481, fig. 82; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 33; Brimley,
1988, Insects of North Carolina, p. 198; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci.
Jour. 29 (9) : 390, figs. 27, 28, 31, 33 (larvae).

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, dark reddish brown, palpi, antennae,
and tarsi slightly paler; dorsal surface of body irregularly clothed
with yellowish-white, scalelike hairs, which are at least three times as
long as wide.

Head much narrower than pronotum, more or less rugose, sparsely,
finely tuberculose; clypeus slightly convex; clypeal suture distinct;
labrum densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front. Antenna
10-segmented; third segment shghtly elongate, fourth to seventh
round or slightly transverse.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest at middle, strongly de-
flexed on apical half, with two unciform processes in front, without
depressions or distinct gibbosities in front of scutellum; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly; posterior angles rec-
tangular; surface with a narrow, longitudinal, median groove on basal
half, rather densely, coarsely tuberculose, the tubercles smooth and
round basally, becoming slightly broader and more rasplike on an-
terior half.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum at middle, tuberculate
at base, each elytron with a single crenulate costa, which is vaguely
indicated, frequently interrupted, sometimes only indicated on basal
fourth; sides parallel, conjointly angularly emarginate at apices, with
a small acute spine on each side of emargination; surfaee coarsely,

80 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

deeply, confluently punctate, more or less rugose, with numerous
round, polished tubercles, and with small, irregularly distributed,
densely pubescent spots.

Body beneath very finely, densely, indistinctly granulose, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in not having an acute spine at the
apex of each elytron.

Length 5.5-11 mm., width 1.75-3.6 mm.

Type locality.—Middle and Southern States; type in the LeConte
veer in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge,

ass.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout the eastern
part of the United States and Canada. Specimens have been ex-
amined from Colorado, District of Columbia, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas,
Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhede Island, Texas, Vir-
ginia, and West Virginia.

Hosts.—¥ iske reports this species on Quercus sp. in North Carolina,
and Champlain reared specimens of this species from Quercus gam-
belt and Acer sp. in Colorado.

LICHENOPHANES CALIFORNICUS (Horn)

Bostrichus californicus Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 545, 546; Casey,
1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 71-72.

Lichenophanes californicus Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
460, 473; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 34; Belkin, 1940, Ent.
News 51: 1983.

Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly black, the palpi, antennae, and
tarsi slightly reddish; dorsal surface of body sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs, which do not form pubescent
spots.

Sere much narrower than pronotum, densely, finely granulose, with
numerous small, round tubercles intermixed; clypeus flat; clypeal
suture distinct; labrum densely ciliate with long yellowish-brown
hairs in front. Antenna 10-segmented; third segment slightly elon-
gate, fourth to seventh round or slightly transverse.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half, without unciform processes, but deeply emargi-
nate and tuberculate in front, without depressions or gibbosities
in front of scutellum; sides broadly rounded, more strongly converg-
ing anteriorly; posterior angles rectangular; surface with a narrow,
more or less distinct, longitudinal, median, smooth space on basal half,
rather densely, coarsely tuberculose, the tubercles smooth and round
basally, becoming larger, broader, and rasplike on anterior half.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate
at base, sometimes each elytron with two vague longitudinal costae;
sides parallel, broadly conjointly rounded at apices; surface coarsely,
deeply, densely punctate, densely rugose between punctures.

Body beneath very finely, densely granulose or rugose, very sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs.

Length 7-10 mm., width 2-3.5 mm. ;

Type locality—San Joaquin Valley, Calif.; type in the Horn Col-
lection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

fae) te ete ,
; Le ait ee ae RAS VU ACN ,
TRB sg Ot ee

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE Si-

Distribution.—F rom material examined:

CALIFoRNIA: Los Gatos (Hubbard and Schwarz). Fresno, May 3 (EH. A.
Schwarz). Cordelia, Solano County, June 9, 19383 (E. C. Zimmerman).
Host.—Nothing has been recorded on the habits of this species, but

Zimmerman collected the adults on Quercus agrifolia.

Horn described this species from a single female and the species
was unknown to Lesne (1899) when he published his revision of the

oenus.
>
LICHENOPHANES TRUNCATICOLLIS (LeConte)

Bostrichus truncaticollis LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 167: 101;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 545, 546; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc.
Jour. 6: 71-72; Blatechley, 1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 888, 889.

Lichenophanes truncaticollis Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
459, 467-468, figs. 64-65; Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem.
101: 415; Lesne, 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 35.
Male—Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly dark reddish brown, the

palpi, antennae, and tarsi brownish yellow; dorsal surface of body

unevenly clothed with moderately long, recumbent, whitish hairs,
which form more or less distinct pubescent spots.

Head much narrower than pronotum, densely, finely granulose, finely
tuberculose, the tubercles narrowly separated ; clypeus flat, indistinctly
punctate, anterior angles rectangular; clypeal suture distinct; labrum
indistinctly punctate, glabrous, densely ciliate with long, yellowish-
white hairsin front. Antenna 10-segmented; third to seventh segments
round or shghtly transverse.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half, truncate or broadly emarginate in front, with-
out unciform processes in front or depressions in front of scutellum ;
sides broadly rounded; posterior angles rectangular, surface with a
narrow, longitudinal, median carina or smooth space on basal half,
finely, rather densely irregularly tuberculose, the tubercles becoming
rasplike toward apical angles.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum at middle, truncate at
base, without longitudinal costae; sides parallel, conjointly broadly,
arcuately emarginate at apices, with a long acute spine on each side of
emargination; surface coarsely, deeply, confluently punctate, the in-
tervals slightly rugose.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with short,
recumbent, inconspicuous hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the apex of each elytron
obtusely angulate and without a long, acute spine, and the last abdomi-
nal sternite most densely clothed with long, yellow hairs.

Length 6-9 mm.; width 2-2.6 mm.

Type locality —Alabama and Kentucky; types in the LeConte Col-
lection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout southern
Canada and the eastern United States.

Material has been examined from the following localities:

CANADA: Ontario (Wickham Collection).

GrEorGcIA: Acworth, June 13, 1937 (P. W. Fattig).

ILLINOIS : Heyworth (A. B. Wolcott).

KENTUCKY: (Riley Collection).
MicHiGAN: Detroit (Hubbard and Schwarz).

842409—50——_6

82 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

MIssourr: St. “Larntig. May 20 (H. Soltau Collection).

New York: Syracuse (M. W. Blackman).

TExAS: (Belfrage).

VirGINIA: Nelson County, June 23, 1919 (Wirt Robinson).

Hosts.—Blackman collected adults on Hicoria glabra (Miller) Sweet
at Syracuse, N. Y.

LeConte (1866) described this species from two specimens, male and —
female, one from Alabama received from 8. S. Haldeman, and one from
Kentucky from J. P. Wild, without designating either place as the
type locality.

LICHENOPHANES MUTCHLERI Belkin

Bostrichus angustatus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 71-72; Leonard, 1928,

N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 415.

Lichenophanes angustatus Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 33.
Lichenophanes mutchleri Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192 (new name for angus-
tatus Casey (1898) not Steinheil (1872) ).

Elongate, cylindrical, uniformly dark reddish brown, the palpi,
antennae, and tarsi brownish yellow; dorsal surface of body rather
unevenly clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs,
which form more or less distinct pubescent spots. .

Head much narrower than pronotum, densely, finely granulose, with

numerous small, round tubercles intermixed; clypeus pubescent, flat;
clypeal suture distinct; labrum densely ciliate with long, yellowish
hairs in front. Antenna 9-segmented ; third segment slightly elongate,
fourth to sixth transversely oval.
_ Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half, truncate in front, without unciform processes
in front or depressions in front of scutellum, but sometimes slightly
gibbose on each side at middle of disk; sides broadly rounded, more
strongly converging anteriorly ; posterior angles rectangular; surface
with a narrow, longitudinal, median carina on basal half, coarsely,
rather densely, irregularly tuberculose.

Elytra at base slightly wider than pronotum at middle, truncate
at base, without longitudinal costae; sides parallel, broadly conjointly
rounded at apices; surface coarsely, deeply, densely punctate, finely,
densely granulose and vaguely tuberculose between punctures.

Body beneath finely densely granulose or rugose, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Length 5-7 mm., width 1.5-2 mm.

Type locality——Woodbury, N. J.; type in the Casey Collection in
the United States National Museum.

Distribution—F rom material examined:

CanapDA: Toronto, June 15 (R. J. Crow).

MARYLAND: Great Falls, July 2, 1919 (L. L. Buchanan).
MicHIGAN: Detroit, June (Hubbard and Schwarz).

NrEw JERSEY: Woodbury. Type.

New York: Albany (H. Soltau Collection).

WEST VIRGINIA: Harpers Ferry (Hubbard and Schwarz).

Hosts.—Nothing has been recorded on the habits of this species.

Casey (1898) described his Bostrichus angustus from a single ex-
ample. However, Steinheil (1872) had previously described a species
from South America under the same name, and Belkin (1940) pro-
posed mutchlert for angustus Casey (not angustus Steinheil).

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 83

In the original description, Casey states that the insect is black, but
on examining the type, it was found to be dark reddish brown.

Genus HETEROBOSTRYCHUS Lesne

Heterobostrychus Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 448, 554-565:
1901, Abeille 30: 86, 93-94; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 803,
805; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de ]’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 114, 133-
137 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 37-38.

Head convex on vertex, transversely flattened behind eyes, deeply
inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus long, strongly
transverse, convex or flattened, truncate or emarginate in front, ante-
rior angles obtuse or rectangular; clypeal suture obsolete or distinct
at middle; labrum short, strongly transverse, subtruncate and densely
ciliate with long, yellow or brownish hairs in front; margins of buccal
cavities not dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less attenuate
toward apices; eyes round or oval, sometimes globose, strongly pro-
jecting. Antenna short, 10-segmented; first and second segments
robust, first oblong, second oval, shorter than first; third to seventh
segments short, narrow, round or transverse; subequal in length to
one another; last three segments forming a broad, loose, compressed
club, each with two small, round, sensory depressions on each surface,
eighth and ninth segments subtriangular, subequal in length to each
other, tenth equal to, or slightly longer than ninth, round or oblong,
sometimes narrower than ninth. Pronotum strongly convex, truncate
at base, emarginate in front, dentate anteriorly, transversely depressed
behind anterior margin; sides not margined; posterior angles round,
obtuse or rectangular, sometimes lobed and projecting. Scutellum
small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, without distinct longitu-
dinal costae, sinuate or truncate at base, with or without tubercles
on apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slightly
expanded toward apices, anterior pair dentate on exterior margins,
each with a large arcuate spine at apex; posterior tarsi as long as
tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than preceding four segments
united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly sep-
arated. Posterior coxal cavities completely margined on first visible
abdominal sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or nar-
rowly triangular. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genoty pe.—Bostrichus aequalis Waterhouse. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1899) erected this genus for five species without designating
a genotype.

The species of this genus are not very numerous, inhabiting the
warm parts of the Old World, but a few of these species have been
carried in commerce to other parts of the world.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HETEROBOSTRYCHUS

Dorsal surface of body sparsely clothed with very short, recumbent, yellowish
hairs; pronotum with median part on basal half granulose

brunneus (Murray), p. 83.

Dorsal surface of body glabrous; pronotum with median part on basal half

Rute CHte-DUMeLALe. 2. aequalis (Waterhouse), p. 85.

HETEROBOSTRYCHUS BRUNNEUS (Murray)

Bostrichus brunneus Murray, 1867, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 3) 20: 92-93.
Bostrychus brunneus Quedenfeldt, 1886, Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 30: 326-827; Lesne,
1896, Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 334.

84 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Heterobostrychus brunneus Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
557, 564-565, figs. 44, 169, 176, 177; Jakobson, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, p.
805; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 184-137,
figs. 3, 4, 22, 73-75; 1935, Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine 27 (1): 9; 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 37-38; Tooke and Scott, 1944, So. Africa
Dept. Agr. and Forestry, Bul. 247 (Ent. Ser. 14) : 7, 9-11, figs. 9-11.

Bostrychus grayanus Wollaston, 1867, Coleoptera Hesperidum, pp. 109-110.

Bostrichus picipennis Fahraeus, 1872, Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. (1871),

(1871), 28: 669.

Elongate, cylindrical, subopaque, uniformly dark reddish brown,
the palpi, antennae, and tarsi sometimes paler; dorsal surface of body
sparsely clothed with very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.

Head much narrower than pronotum, densely, coarsely granulose in
front, with short longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput; clypeus
nearly flat, densely, coarsely punctate, broadly, shallowly emarginate
in front; clypeal suture obsolete; labrum densely ciliate in front with
long, golden yellow hairs.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest at posterior angles,
strongly deflexed on apical half, armed at middle of anterior margin
with two strong, arcuate, more or less hooked teeth, which are narrowly
or broadly separated at middle; sides parallel at middle, strongly con-
verging anteriorly; posterior angles rectangular, slightly projecting
and forming rounded lobes; surface finely, densely granulose, the
granules round and not flattened on basal half, with large, broad, rasp-
like teeth on apical half, the teeth much larger along lateral margins
anteriorly.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at posterior angles,
slightly sinuate at base, sometimes with obsolete longitudinal costae,
without tubercles on apical declivity, but with a short costa on each
elytron along lateral margin on upper half of elytral declivity; sides
parallel, broadly conjointly rounded at apices; surface coarsely, deeply,
uniformly, very densely punctate.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with very
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite
densely clothed with long, yellowish hairs at apex.

Length 4.5-11 mm., width 1.2-3.5 mm.

Type locality—Of brumneus, Old Calabar, Africa; type in the
British Museum. Of grayanus, Santa Iago, Cape Verde Islands; type
in the British Museum. Of picipennis, Caftraria, Africa; type either
in the Stockholm or the Goteberg Museum.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout southern
Africa south of the Sahara Desert, and in Madagascar, and the Cape
Verde and Seychelles Islands. Specimens have been intercepted at
New York in wooden boxes, and mahogany logs from the Belgian

Congo, Southern Rhodesia, and the Gold Coast, Africa; at Cherokee, —

Towa, in boxes from Africa; and at St. Paul, Minn., and Arlington.
Mass., in wooden ornaments from southern Africa.

Hosts.——Lesne (1924) stated that the species usually lives in the
wood of bamboo, 1s common in bamboos used in construction work,
and is one of the principal enemies of felled wood in southern Africa,
where it also attacks the supports of buildings. In French Guinea
it lives in the tubers of potatoes (Batatus edulis Chois). Tooke
and Scott (1944) recorded the species from teak (Bazkiaea pluriquga)
and kiaat (Pterocarpus angolensis) as well as many species of Huca-

|
|

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 85.

lyptus. This species is capable of causing considerable damage to tim-
bers, logs, and poles, reducing the wood to powder to the depth of
2 or 3 inches, but attacks only the sapwood.

Wollaston (1867) described grayanus from a single example col-
lected by Mr. Gray in the interior of Santa Iago, Cape Verde Islands,
under the loose bark of a recently felled gigantic native /icus tree.
Fahraeus (1872) described picipennis from Caffraria, Africa, but
Lesne (1896) placed both these species as synonyms of brunneus
Murray (1867).

The sexes of brunneus are very difficult to separate on secondary
sexual characters. In the extreme forms the males have the two
median teeth on the anterior margin of the pronotum strongly hooked
and rather narrowly separated by a deep angular emargination,
whereas in the females the teeth are smaller, straight, and widely
separated from each other. There are all kinds of intermediates be-
tween these two forms; sometimes the emargination is arcuate, angu-
lose, trapezoidal, or rectangular.

HETEROBOSTRYCHUS AEQUALIS (Waterhouse)

Bostrichus aequalis Waterhouse, 1884, Zool. Soe. London, Proe., pp. 215-216,

pl uci hg. 3:

Bostrychus aequalis Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p. 316, fig. 193.
Heterobostrychus aequalis Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:

557, 560-562, figs. 29, 31, 1738, 174; 1904, Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, Ent. Div., 3:

106, pl. 9, figs. 3-4; Fauvel, 1904, Rev. d’Ent. 23 (6) : 157-158; Jakobson, 1913,

Kafer Russland, pt. 10, p. 805; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp.

148-149, figs. 88, 95; Lesne, 1926, Treubia 7: 119; Froggatt, 1927, Forest

Insects and Timber Borers, pp. 98-99; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent.

Ser. 18 (9): 18, 15, pl. 4, figs. 4546 (larvae) ; Beeson, 1935, Indian Forester

61 (4) : 250-255 ; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. (New Ser., Ent.)

2: 225, 229, 257-262, 309-320, figs. 6-8; pl. 1, figs. 1-3; Lesne, 1938, in Junk

(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 37.

Bostrychus uncipennis Lesne, 1895, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 173.

Male.—Elongate, cylindrical, moderately shining, uniformly reddish
brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and tarsi brownish yel-
low; dorsal surface of body glabrous.

Head much narrower than pronotum, coarsely, very densely granu-
lose on front, with short, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput;
clypeus convex, finely, irregularly punctate, truncate in front; clypeal
suture obsolete; labrum densely ciliate in front with long, golden-
yellow hairs.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest at middle or posterior
angles, strongly deflexed on apical half, arcuately emarginate in front;
sides broadly rounded or parallel at middle, strongly converging an-
teriorly ; posterior angles rectangular or lobed and more or less project-
ing. Surface finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate, with a few coarse
punctures intermixed, and more or less imbricate on basal half, densely
tuberculose on apical half, the tubercles short, broad, and rasplike,
and with four or five broad, erect tubercles on each side along lateral
margins anteriorly. |

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at posterior angles,
sinuate at base, without longitudinal costae, each elytron with two
tubercles on apical declivity, the outer one straight, elongate, mod-
erately elevated, inner tubercle long, arcuate, and more or less hooked
at apex; sutural margins elevated on apical declivity; sides parallel,
separately rounded at apices; surface densely, deeply, coarsely punc-

86 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

tate, the punctures arranged in more or less distinct rows on disk,
but sometimes becoming obsolete on apical declivity towards apices.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with very
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite
densely clothed with long, yellow hairs at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in not having large, arcuate
tubercles on the apical declivity of the elytra.

Length 6-13 mm., width 2.2-3.5 mm.

Type locality —Of aequalis, Timor Laut Islands; present location of
type unknown to writer. Of wnezpennis, many localities—Indo-
China, Southern Hindostan, Madagascar, and the Andaman and
Marianne Islands; types in the Paris and Brussells Museums.

Distribution —TVhis species is widely distributed throughout India,
Ceylon, Indo-China, Federated Malay States, Java, Philippines, New
Guinea, Madagascar, and many of the Malaysian Islands. It has been
intercepted a great many times at New York, N. Y.; San Francisco,
Calif.; Dallas, Tex.; Allentown and Philadelphia, Pa.; and New
Orleans, La., in wooden packing cases and Philippine mahogany, from
India, Java and the Philippines. So far as known, it has not become
established in the United States.

Hosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) record the following host plants:
Adina cordifolia, Albizzia stipulata, Anisoptera glabra, Bambusa
arundinacea, Bombax anceps, B. insigne, B. malabaricum, Boswellia
serrata, Canarium euphyllum, Cassia fistula, Cedrela toona, Dalbergia
sissoo, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dipterocarpus pilosus, D. turbinatus,
Endospermum chinese, Garuga pinnata, Koompassia malaccensis,
Kydia calycina, Lannea grandis, Leucaena glauca, Mangifera indica,
Morus indica, Parashorea stellata, Parishia insignis, Poinciana elata,
Pterocarpus indicus, Quercus sp., Shorea leprosula, S. robusta, Ster-
culia alata, S. campanulata, Tectona grandis, Terminalia belerica, T.
bialata, T. myriocarpa, T. tomentosa, and Anogeissus acuminata.

In India this is the commonest of the larger bostrichid beetles found
boring in packing cases, boxes, plywood, chests, sapwood in furniture,
and in sal (Shorea robusta) rafters of the thatched bungalows, and is
a regular pest in sawmills and factories of wood-using industries. The
beetles will bore through 1 to 2 inches of wood and make holes in the
lead lining of boxes. When logs are heavily attacked the wood is re-
duced to powder to a depth of 2 to 3 inches.

The emargination on the anterior margin of the pronotum is quite
variable in shape, arcuate, angulate, trapezoidal, and sometimes not
very distinct. The posterior angles of the pronotum are rectangular,
sometimes prolonged into a rounded lobe. ‘The tubercles on the apical
declivity of the elytra in the male are variable in shape and length,
sometimes the outer one is represented by a rounded knob and some-
times by a short costiform tubercle, and the inner tubercle is variable
in length and sometimes more robust and more strongly hooked.
Sometimes the female has two more or less distinct costiform tubercles
on the apical declivity of each elytron. The punctures on the apical
declivity of the elytra are variable in density, sometimes as dense in
the males as in the females.

Lesne (1895) described wncipennis from both sexes from many dif-
ferent localities, in various European collections, without designating

RRA GROIN, MeN CR ET CLE
Heh NL Ne

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 87

any specimen as the type, but he (1899) placed wncipennis Lesne as a
synonym of aegualis Waterhouse. .

Froggatt (1927) stated that he has examined the type of RAzzo-
pertha papuensis (in Australia Museum) described by MacLeay from
Fly River, New Guinea, which Lesne suggested was the same as
aequalis, and that it is not the same as aequalis.

Genus MICRAPATE Casey

Micrapate Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 72-73 ; Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30:
87, 95-96 ; 1906, ibid. 30: 269-281, figs. 1-12; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica,
vy. 3, pp. 302, 303-304; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 803, 805;
Everts, 1922, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 3, p. 365; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de
l'Afrique Tropicale Frangaise, pp. 114, 145-148; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest
Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9) : 16; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161,
pp. 44-46 ; 1939, Rev. Franc. Ent. 6: 91, 101-111.

Bostrychulus Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 444, 591-617;
Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kafer Europas 36: pp. UU; Lesne, 1900,
Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 46; Everts, 1901, Coleopt. Neerlandica, v. 2, pp.
210, 212.

Head strongly convex, not transversely depressed behind eyes,
deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus flat,
strongly transverse, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front, anterior
angles acute or rectangular ; clypeal suture distinct or obsolete; labrum
short, strongly transverse, truncate and densely ciliate with long, yel-
low hairs in front; margins of buccal cavities not dentate below eyes;
mandibles more or less attenuate toward apices; eyes small, transverse,
oval, strongly projecting. Antenna short, 9— or 10-segmented; first
and second segments robust, first oblong, second oval, shorter than
first; third to sixth or seventh short, oval or transverse, narrower
than second, subequal in length to one another; last three segments
forming a broad, rather compact, compressed club, subequal in length
to one another, each with two round sensory depressions on each
surface, first and second segments of club transverse, truncate at
apices, apical segment oval. Pronotum strongly convex, strongly de-
clivous and dentate anteriorly, subtruncate in front, truncate at base,
not transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides not mar-
gined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, without
longitudinal costae on disk or tubercles and costiform callosities on
apical declivity; truncate at base. Legs short, subequal in length;
tibiae slightly expanded toward apices, dentate on exterior margins,
each with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior tarsi as long as, or
longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than preceding four
segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly
separated. Posterior coxal cavities completely margined on first visi-
ble abdominal sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or
narrowly triangular. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—Of Micrapate and Bostrychulus, Sinoxylon dinode-
roides Horn. (Present designation.)

This genus is widely distributed and is found in the southern part
of the United States, the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South
America, Africa, and the Mediterranean region and at present con-
tains at least 35 described species.

Casey (1898) erected the genus Micrapate for Sinoxylon dinode-
roides Horn, Micrapate cristicauda new species, and Sinowylon sim-

88 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

plee Horn (the last belonging to the genus Amphicerus) without
designating a genotype. Lesne (1899) erected the genus Bostrychulus
for 18 species without designating a genotype, but he (1900) placed
Bostrychulus Lesne as a synonym of Micrapate Casey, stating that
Micrapate Casey had several months priority over Bostrychulus Lesne.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICRAPATE

1. Apical contour of elytra (when viewed from above) distinctly angulated,

the tips more or less emarginate_-_---____-_ dinoderoides (Horn), p. 88.
Apical contour of elytra (when viewed from above) rounded or very
obtusely angulated, the tips conjointly broadly rounded_____________-~ 2

2. Pronotum longer than wide; dorsal surface of body sparsely pubescent
zyloperthoides (Jacquelin-Duval), p. 89.
Pronotum not longer than wide, quadrate or slightly wider than long____-_ 3
3. Dorsal surface of body densely pubescent_-____ scabrata (Erichson), p. 90.
Dorsal surface of body not densely pubescentaess a2" 2. 952) Vee 4
4, Sutural margins gibbose on apical declivity of elytra, the sides abruptly
deflexediwiaty2 hii) 25) 2.1_.o 2 I eg Bt ne ee 6
Sutural margins not gibbose on apical declivity, uniformly elevated along
entire length, the sides not abruptly deflexede= 4020 3. eee 5
5. Elytra distinctly pubescent; pronotum not wider than long; clypeus dis-
tinctly pubescentsle Uo). 2. 4 J ee mexicana, new species, p. 91.
Elytra not distinctly pubescent; pronotum wider than long; clypeus not
distinctly, pulbescentes 2... ee brasiliensis (Lesne), p. 92.
6. Sutural gibbosity on apical declivity of elytra expanded laterally at middle
of, dechivity == 222 ee ee 0S 2 fee ob Uf
Sutural gibbosity on apical declivity of elytra not expanded laterally at
middle of declivity_________- 2 2. cae rie ee cristicauda Casey, p. 98.
7. Sutural gibbosity on apical declivity of elytra abruptly expanded at middle
of declivity, bilobedton tops. = = bilobata, new species, p. 94.
Sutural gibbosity on apical declivity of elytra gradually expanded at middle
of declivity, not pillobed/onstop! “2 seam labialis Lesne, p. 94.

MICRAPATE DINODEROIDES (Horn)

Sinoxylon dinoderoides Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17: 542, 543.

Micrapate dinoderoides Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 72, 73; Lesne,
1906, Abeille 30: 281; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 45.
Male.—Dark reddish brown, underside of body usually in part

brownish black, the antennae, palpi, and tarsi yellowish brown.

Head rather densely, coarsely punctate or granulose and sparsely

clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs on clypeus and front of

head, with long, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeal suture

obsolete; labrum finely, densely punctate.

Pronotum slightly transverse, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, with a small, broad tooth at apical angles; posterior angles
broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short, erect or re-
cumbent, inconspicuous hairs, densely, coarsely punctate on basal half,
densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, variable
in size, semierect, and rasphke.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum at middle; sides
vaguely expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadiy rounded at apices,
with a vague emargination at sutural margins; apical contour (when
viewed from above) distinctly angulated; surface not deeply de-
pressed along sutural margin on apical declivity, coarsely, rather
densely, rugosely punctate, the punctures coarser and more or less
confluent on apical declivity, sparsely clothed with short, semierect,
yellowish hairs on apical half; sutural margins on apical declivity not

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 89

gibbose or expanded laterally at middle of declivity, uniformly ele-
vated along entire length, coarsely rugose on dorsal surface, the sides
not abruptly deflexed.

Body beneath coarsely, densely punctate; abdomen more finely punc-
tate, densely clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, last visible
sternite broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Diftiers from the male in having the lateral margins of the
elytra conjointly deeply arcuately emarginate at the apices, and the
last visible abdominal sternite broadly, arcuately depressed poste-
riorly, with a rectangular emargination at the apex.

Length 3.75-4.5 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Camp Grant, Ariz.; type in the Horn Collection in
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—From material examined:

Texas: Brownsville (C. Schaeffer, Hubbard and Schwarz, H. S. Barber, C. H. T.

Townsend, and H. F. Wickham). Harlingen (R. A. Vickery). Santa Maria

(T. D. Urbahus).

Hosts.—None recorded.

MICRAPATE XYLOPERTHOIDES (Jacquelin-Duval)

Apate ryloperthoides Jacquelin-Duval, 1859, Glanures Entomologique 1: 40 (pub-
lication not seen) ; 1859-1863, Genera Coleopt. Europe, v. 3, Cat. p. 167; Per-
nes aout Larves Coléoptéres, p. 219; Chobaut, 1891, Le Coléoptériste, pp. 85-89,

s. 1-11.

ieiechus ryloperthoides Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 41.

Bostrychulus ryloperthoides Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 596.
he ee figs. 223, 243; Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas 36:

oO. -

Micrapate ryloperthoides Lesne, 1901, Abeille 30: 95-96, pl. 2, fig. 40; 1904, ibid.
30: 155; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, vy. 3, pp. 303-304: Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 46.

Elongate, strongly shining, uniformly brownish black, sometimes
reddish on apical declivity, the antennae, palpi, and tarsi yellow-
ish brown.

Head sparsely, finely punctate, densely granulose, and sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs on clypeus and front of
head ; clypeus shallowly, arcuately emarginate in front; clypeal suture
indicated at middle, obsolete at sides; labrum finely, densely punctate.

Pronotum slightly longer than wide, widest at middle, deeply arcu-
ately emarginate in front; sides broadly rounded, with a small, broad
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded: surface
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent and semierect, inconspicuous,
yellowish hairs, sparsely, finely punctate on basal half, densely, irregu-
larly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size,
and rasplike.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum at middle; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; apical contour (when
viewed from above) broadly rounded; surface finely, shallowly, ru-
gosely punctate, the punctures finer and more obsolete on apical
declivity, sparsely, irregularly clothed with short, recumbent, yel-
Jowish hairs; apical declivity broadly, shallowly depressed along
sutural margins; sutural margins on apical declivity not gibbose or
expanded laterally at middle, but broadly, uniformly elevated along
entire length, the sides not abruptly deflexed.

90 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Abdomen beneath coarsely, densely punctate, densely, finely granu-
lose between punctures, densely clothed with long, recumbent and erect,
whitish hairs; last visible sternite broadly rounded at apex. Poste-
rior tibiae with semierect hairs on outer surface. Posterior tarsi
without long, fine hairs.

Length 3.5-5 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Southern France; type in the Paris Museum.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout the western
Mediterranean region. Four specimens were intercepted at New York,
November 8, 1934, in bamboo from Italy.

Hosts—FPerris (1877) reported the larvae in bamboo. Chobaut
(1891) reported the species as mining in the giant reed (Arundo donax
L.) in France. This species also lives in the wild grape.

MIcRAPATE SCABRATA (Erichson)

i haa scabratus Erichson, 1847, in Wiegmann, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 13 (1):
Ts
Bostrychulus scabratus Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 596,

612-613, fig. 221.

Micrapate scabrata Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 46.

Bostrichus vitis Blanchard, 1851, in Gay, Hist. Chile 5: 483-484; Germain, 1892,
Soc. Sci. de Chili, Actes 2 (2) : 259.

Rhizopertha vitis Philippi, 1887, Cat. Coleopt. Chile, p. 105.

Male.—Dark reddish brown, sides and disk of pronotum, sides of
elytra, and underside of body (except legs) blackish, the antennae and
palpi brownish yellow.

Head densely, coarsely punctate, sparsely clothed with moderately
long, recumbent, whitish hairs on front, with long, longitudinal, par-
allel costae on occiput; clypeus smooth and shining at middle, finely,
densely, rugosely punctate posteriorly and at sides, clothed with a few
long, recumbent, whitish hairs, arcuately emarginate in front, anterior
angles acute; clypeal suture obsolete; labrum rather finely, sparsely
punctate.

Pronotum quadrate, widest at basal third; sides broadly rounded,

more strongly converging anteriorly, with a short, rather acute, semi- _

erect tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface
sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs, which are short and erect on
apical half, and long, recumbent toward posterior angles, vaguely,
longitudinally grooved at middle, densely, finely punctate on basal
half, densely, finely granulose, with numerous broad, semierect,
rasplike teeth on apical half, the teeth rather acute at apices.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum at basal third; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; apical contour (when
viewed from above) broadly rounded; surface broadly depressed
along sutural margins on apical declivity, coarsely, densely punctate,
rather densely clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellow hairs;
sutural margins on apical declivity very strongly gibbose but not
expanded laterally at middle of declivity, dentate on dorsal surface,
sides ua deflexed, the gibbosity obtusely angulated when viewed
in profile.

Body beneath rather densely clothed with long, recumbent, whitish
hairs; mesosternum and metasternum sparsely, coarsely punctate;
abdomen densely, coarsely punctate, last visible sternite broadly
rounded at apex.

ae

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 9]

Female.—Ditters from the male in having the sutural margins on the
apical declivity of the elytra moderately gibbose, rugose but not den-
tate on the dorsal surface, the gibbosity gradually, broadly rounded
when viewed in profile, and the surface of the apical declivity scarcely
depressed along the sides of the margins.

Length 3.5-5.5 mm., width 1.2-1.7 mm.

Type locality. Of scabratus, Peru; type was in the Berlin Museum.
Of vztis, Ilapel, Coquimbo, and Concepcion, Chile; type in the Paris
Museum.

Distribution.—This species is recorded from Peru, western Bolivia,
and northern Chile. Specimens of this species have been intercepted
at New York in packing cases containing grapes from Chile and with
corn on the cobs from Peru.

Hosts.—In Chile this species lives in the stems of grapes.

Blanchard (1851) described Bostrichus vitis from lapel, Coquim-
bo, and Concepcion, Chile, without designating any place as the type
locality. Lesne (1899) placed Bostrichus vitis Blanchard (1851) as
a synonym of Bostrychulus scabratus Erichson (1847).

MIcRAPATE MEXICANA, new species

— Male—Brownish black, elytra usually more reddish, and antennal
club, palpi, and tarsi brownish yellow.

Head very densely, finely punctate or granulose, sparsely clothed
with long, semierect, whitish hairs on clypeus and front of head,
with long, fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus
broadly, shallowly emarginate in front; clypeal suture not distinct;
labrum finely, sparsely punctate.

Pronotum quadrate, widest at middle, shallowly emarginate in
front; sides broadly rounded, with a small, broad tooth at apical
angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, whitish hairs, densely, finely punctate on basal
half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad,
semierect, variable in size, acute at apices, and rasplike.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, broadly, conjointly rounded at apices; apical con-
tour (when viewed from above) broadly rounded;- surface sparsely
clothed with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, densely,
coarsely, confluently punctate over entire surface; apical declivity
arcuately deflexed and not depressed along sutural margins; sutural
margins on apical declivity not gibbose or expanded laterally at
middle, but narrowly, uniformly elevated along entire length, the
sides not abruptly deflexed.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, smooth between punc-
tures, rather densely clothed with long, recumbent, whitish hairs,
with a few long, erect hairs intermixed; last visible sternite broadly
rounded at apex. Posterior tibiae and tarsi with long, fine hairs.

Female.—Differs from male in having a small vague depression
at apex of last visible abdominal sternite.

Length 4-6 mm., width 1.5-2 mm.

Type locality —Mexico.

Type, allotype, and paratypes.—In the United States National
Museum, No. 58315.

92 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Described from 20 specimens (1 male type). Fifteen specimens
reared from bamboo (Arundinaria longifolia) in storage at Hoboken,
N. J., shipped from Mexico; three specimens intercepted at Laredo,
Tex., in bamboo poles from Mexico; and two specimens intercepted
at Nogales, Ariz., in bamboo from Mexco. f

This species is allied to Micrapate brasiliensis (Lesne), but differs
from that species in having the clypeus and front of the head clothed
with long, semierect hairs, the clypeus broadly and shallowly emar-
ginate in front, the clypeal suture not distinct, the pronotum quadrate

and not wider than long, and the upper surface of the body clothed

with distinct hairs.
MICRAPATE BRASILIENSIS (Lesne)

Bostrychulus brasiliensis Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67:
594, 599-600, figs. 226-228.
Micrapate brasiliensis Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 44.

a a ee

en a aR

Male.—Brownish black to black, sometimes with base of elytra and —

abdomen in part reddish, the antennae, palpi, labrum, and tarsi yel-
lowish or reddish brown. ie
Head very densely, finely punctate or rugose, with long, longitudi-

nal, parallel costae on occiput, and nearly glabrous on clypeus and |

front of head; clypeus deeply, arcuately emarginate in front; clypeal
suture distinct at middle, obsolete at sides; labrum very finely,
sparsely punctate.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest behind middle, shal- _

lowly emarginate in front; sides broadly rounded, more strongly
converging anteriorly, with a small, broad tooth at apical angles;
posterior angles broadly rounded; surface nearly glabrous, coarsely,
densely punctate on basal half, the punctures sparser toward sides,
densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semi-
erect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum behind middle;

sides nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; apical —
contour (when viewed from above) broadly rounded; surface gla- |
brous, densely, coarsely, confluently punctate over entire surface; |
apical declivity arcuately deflexed, and not depressed along sutural |
margins; sutural margins on apical declivity not gibbose or expanded |

laterally at middle, but narrowly, uniformly elevated along entire
length, the sides not abruptly deflexed.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, densely punctate, smooth between punc- |
tures, sparsely clothed with rather short, recumbent, whitish hairs; |
last visible sternite broadly rounded at apex. Posterior tibiae with |
erect hairs on outer surface. Posterior tarsi with long, fine hairs. |

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal |
sternite broadly rounded at the apex, with a small, round fovea, which |

is feebly, longitudinally carinate posteriorly.
Length 4-5.5 mm., width 2-2.2 mm. ,
Type locality.—Brazil, various localities in the States of Bahia,

Minas Geraes, and Sao Paulo; types scattered in various collections |

and museums.

Distribution.—Recorded only from southern Brazil. Two speci- |
mens were intercepted at New York, March 11, 1925, in dried tree roots.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 93 -

Hosts——Nothing has been recorded on the habits of this species.
Lesne (1899) described brasiliensis from a series of specimens from
many localities in southern Brazil without designating the type local-
ity, and these types are scattered in many different European
collections.
MICRAPATE CRISTICAUDA Casey

Micrapate cristicauda Casey, 1898, Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 72-73; Lesne, 1906,

Abeille 30: 281; 1988, in Junk aie Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 45.
Bostrychulus dinoderoides Lesne, 1899 (not Horn), Soc. Ent. de France Ann.

(1898) 67: 594, 601-602, figs. 229-230.

Male.—Dark reddish brown to brownish black, elytra, antennae,
palpi, and tarsi usually paler.

Head rather densely, coarsely punctate and with a few short, recum-
bent, inconspicuous hairs on clypeus and front of head, with long,
longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus deeply, arcuately
emarginate in front; clypeal suture obsolete; labrum finely, densely
punctate.

Pronotum slightly transverse, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small, broad
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded: surface
sparsely clothed with short, erect and recumbent, inconspicuous hairs,
coarsely, sparsely punctate on basal half, rather densely, irregularly
dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, variable in size, semierect, and
rasplike.

Elytra at base vaguely narrower than pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; apical contour
(when viewed from above) obtusely rounded; surface not very deeply
depressed along sutural margins on apical declivity, coarsely, rather
densely punctate on disk, coarsely, confluently punctate and rugose on
apical declivity, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs
on apical half; sutural margins on apical declivity strongly gibbose
but not distinctly expanded laterally at middle of declivity, coarsely
rugose on dorsal surface, sides abr uptly deflexed, the gibbosity gradu-
ally, broadly rounded when viewed in profile.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite broadly rounded
-at apex, rather densely clothed with moderately long, recumbent and

erect yellowish hairs.
_ Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite smooth at the apex, with a small depression in front of the
smooth area.

Length 3.64.5 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm.

Type locality —District of Columbia; type in the Casey Collection
in the United States National Museum.

Distribution —F rom material examined :

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : Washington, July 17, 1929 (type).

MaryYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, September (L. L. Buchanan).

VirciIntA: Rosslyn, June 3 (F. H. Chittenden).

FLoripA: Crescent City (Hubbard and Schwarz). Manatee County, March 19,

1930 (R. F. Tinker).

Host.—This species was reared in large numbers from dead grape

at Washington, D. C.

94 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

MIcRAPATE BILOBATA, new species

Male—Uniformly dark reddish brown, underside of body in part
slightly darker, the antennae and palpi brownish yellow.
Head coarsely, rather sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with short, 7

recumbent, inconspicuous hairs on front, with long, longitudinal, 4
parallel costae on occiput ; clypeus sparsely, finely, shallowly punctate, 7

clothed with a few inconspicuous hairs, arcuately emarginate in front,
anterior angles acute; clypeal suture feebly indicated; labrum —
sparsely, finely punctate.

Pronotum quadrate, widest at middle, more strongly converging —

anteriorly ; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface clothed with a

few very short, inconspicuous hairs, coarsely, sparsely punctate at sides 7
on basal half, imbricate punctate on median part of basal half, irregu- ©

larly dentate on apical half, the teeth variable in size, broad, semierect,
rather acute at apices, and rasplike; with four larger teeth on each
side along lateral margins.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides 4%
vaguely expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; |
apical contour (when viewed from above) broadly rounded; surface 4
deeply, narrowly depressed along sutural margins on apical declivity,
coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate, with a few short, recumbent,
inconspicuous hairs on apical declivity; sutural margins on apical
declivity strongly gibbose and abruptly expanded laterally at middle |
of declivity, sides abruptly deflexed, the gibbosity smooth on dorsal 7
surface, divided into two lobes by a deep, median groove, and obtusely |
rounded when viewed in profile.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose, coarsely, rather densely,
shallowly punctate, sparsely clothed with recumbent, yellowish hairs,
which are longer at sides of abdominal sternites; last visible abdomi-
nal sternite broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Unknown.

Length 5 mm., width 1.6 mm.

Type locality.—Nueces River, Zavala County, Tex.

Type.—In the United States National Museum, No. 58314.

Described from a single specimen, which seems to be a male, col-
lected April 30, 1910, by F. C. Pratt.

MICRAPATE LABIALIS Lesne

Micrapate labialis Lesne, 1906, Abeille 30: 271, 278-279, fig. 8; 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 45; 1939, Rev. France. Ent. 6: 106-107, fig. 11.

Be ee scapularis Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 3 (2): 216
part).

Male—Uniformly reddish brown to brownish black, with disk of
pronotum, base, apical declivity, sutural and lateral margins of elytra,
and legs reddish, the antennae, palpi, and tarsi brownish yellow. .

Head rather densely, coarsely punctate and sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs on clypeus and front of head, |
with long, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus arcuately ©
emarginate in front, anterior angles acute; clypeal suture sometimes ©
vaguely indicated at middle; labrum rather finely, sparsely punctate. —

Pronotum quadrate, widest at middle; sides broadly rounded, more
strongly converging anteriorly, with a short, broad, semierect tooth |
at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely |

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 95

clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, coarsely, densely
punctate on basal half, rather densely, irregularly dentate on apical
half, the teeth broad, variable in size, semierect, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; apical contour (when
viewed from above) broadly rounded; surface deeply, narrowly de-
pressed along sutural margins on apical declivity, coarsely, densely,
rugosely punctate on disk, more coarsely and confluently punctate
on apical declivity, clothed with a few very short, inconspicuous hairs;
sutural margins on apical declivity strongly gibbose and arcuately
expanded laterally at middle of declivity, smooth and shining, at least
on anterior half of dorsal surface, sides abruptly deflexed, the gib-
bosity broadly rounded when viewed in profile.

Body beneath coarsely, rather densely punctate, sparsely clothed
with moderately long, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible abdominal
sternite broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Difters from the male in having a vague, pubescent depres-
sion at the apex of the last visible abdominal sternite.

Length 3.2-5 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Torola and San Geronimo, Guatemala; type in the
British Museum.

Distribution.—This species has been intercepted a great many times
at New York, N. Y., Philadelphia, Pa., Santa Fe, N. Mex., and
Nogales, Ariz., in shipments from Mexico. Lesne (1939) lists this
species from Mexico and Guatemala.

Hosts.—Specimens intercepted were usually in wooden crates com-
posed of Baccharis or Sambucus wood, and adults were also found in
the stems of Sambucus sp. from Mexico.

Lesne (1906) described labialis from two specimens in the British
Museum collected by G. C. Champion in Guatemala at Torola (300
meters) and San Geronimo (900 meters) without designating either
place as the type locality.

Genus APATIDES Casey

Apatides Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, T0-71; 1914, Mem. Coleopt.,
v. 5, pp. 359-360; Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 526, 552-
553 (part) ; 1900, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., pp. 46-47; 1988, in Junk (pub.),
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 42-48.

Head strongly convex on occiput, broadly, transversely concave
behind eyes, abruptly deflexed behind clypeus, deeply inserted in pro-
thorax, not visible from above; front separated from vertex by a
transversely arcuate ridge; clypeus slightly convex, broadly trans-
verse, truncate in front, anterior angles rectangular; clypeal suture
distinct; labrum strongly transverse, truncate in front and densely
ciliate with large yellow hairs in front; margins of buccal cavities not
dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less attenuate toward apices;
eyes oval, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna 10-segmented; first
and second segments robust, first elongate, second oval, shorter than
first; third to seventh segments short, narrower than second, oval or
transverse, subequal to one another in length; last three segments
forming a broad, loose, compressed club, each with two more or less
distinct, round, sensory depressions on each surface, eighth and ninth
subtriangular, truncate at apices, the ninth shorter than eighth, tenth

96 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

oblong, subequal in length to and narrower than ninth. Pronotum
strongly convex, emarginate in front, truncate at base, dentate anter-
iorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides not
margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, with-

out tubercles or costiform callosities on apical declivity. Legs, short, —
subequal in length; tibiae slightly expanded toward apices, dentate on ©

exterior margins; each with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior

tarsi usually as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each ~
shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae con- ©

tiguous. Middle coxae rather broadly separated. Posterior coxal
cuvities completely margined on first visible abdominal sternite.

Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or narrowly triangular. Body ©

elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype -—Amphicerus fortis LeConte. (Original designation.) —

Casey (1898) erected A patides for Amphicerus fortis LeConte, A pi-
tides robustus new species, and Apatides puncticeps new species, and
designated fortis as the genotype. Lesne (1898) erected Bostrychopsis
for 16 species without designating a genotype. He divided his genus
into 6 groups, of which group VI included only fortis LeConte.
Lesne (1900) stated that the paper by Casey had priority over his
paper, but used A patides only for group VI of his Bostrychopsis, and
retained Bostrychopsis for the other 5 groups.

APATIDES FORTIS (LeConte)

Amphicerus fortis LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 101; Horn,
1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17 : 547.

Apatides fortis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 70, 71; Mm. Coleopt.,
v. 5, p. 360; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 42; Anderson,
1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9) : 390, figs. 22, 26, 46 (larvae).

Bostrychopsis fortis Lesne, 1899, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67 : 552-553,
figs. 189, 168.

Apatides fortis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6:66, 70, 71; Mem. Coleopt.,
v. 5, p. 360; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 43. (New
synonymy. )

Apatides puncticeps Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 70-71; 1914, Mem. |

Coleopt., v. 5, p. 360; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 43.
(New synonymy. )

Apatides pollens Casey, 1914, Mem. Coleopt., v. 5, pp. 359-860; Lesne, 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 42. (New synonymy.)

Male.—Black, with a slight reddish tinge, underside of body some- |

times more reddish, the palpi and antennae brownish yellow; dorsal

surface of body glabrous.

Head much narrower than pronotum, coarsely, sparsely punctate ©

anteriorly, smooth and shining in transverse concavity, with short,
longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus coarsely, rather
densely punctate, anterior angles rectangular.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed on apical half; sides broadly rounded, more strongly con-

verging anteriorly, produced into a large unciform horn at apical
angles; posterior angles rectangular, or obtusely rounded; surface —
rugose or coarsely, deeply punctate at sides, with large scalelike ©

granules on disk, the granules flattened on basal half, larger, semierect, ©

and more tuberculate on apical half, and with a number of broad,

rasplike tubercles on each side in front of middle.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, slightly —
sinuate at base, without longitudinal costae; lateral and sutural mar- —

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE Q7

gins slightly elevated on apical declivity; sides parallel, conjointly
broadly rounded at apices; surface coarsely, deeply, densely, irregu-
larly punctate, the punctures sometimes becoming very fine and obso-
lete on elytral declivity; apical angles thickened, each with a puncti-
form fossa from which arises a tuft of yellow hairs.

Abdomen beneath densely, finely punctate, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are denser along apical mar-
gins of sternites; metasternum finely, vaguely punctate; second seg-
ment of posterior tarsus slightly longer than last segment, the third
twice as long as fourth.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the apical declivity of the
elytra more densely and coarsely punctate, and the apex of each elytron
thickened but without a punctiform fossa.

Length 9-20 mm., width 3.5-7 mm.

Type locality —Of fortis, Cape San Lucas, Lower California; type
-in LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass. Of pollens, Bill Williams Fork, Ariz., puncticeps, Ari-
zona, no definite locality, and robustus, El Paso, Tex.; types in the
Casey Collection in the United States National Museum.

Distribution.—From material examined:

ARIZONA: Yuma, Oracle, Tucson, Catalina Springs, Sabino Canyon, Redington,

Nogales, Phoenix, and Bill Williams Fork (type of pollens).

CALIFORNIA: San Diego County, Bard, Imperial County, Palm Springs, Indio,
and Paramint Valley.

LOWER CALIFORNIA: San Jose del Cabo.

NEw Mexico: Demming.

Texas: Sabinal, Del Rio, Knippa, San Antonio, Harwood, and El Paso (type
of robustus).

UraH: Hanksville.

Mexico: Many localities.

Costa Rica: Santa Elena, Taboga.

NICARAGUA: Managua City.

CoLoMBIA: Rio Frio. :

Hosts.—This species has been reared from mesquite (Prosopis spp.)
and paloverde (Cercidium spp.). Adults are attracted to light from
May to November.

LeConte (1866) described fortzs from two specimens collected by
Xantus at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. Casey (1898) described
robustus from a female collected at El Paso, Tex., and puncticeps from
a single female from Arizona, without a definite locality. In 1914
Casey described pollens from a single male collected at Bill Williams
Fork, Ariz., by F. H. Snow.

In fortis the size and shape of the posterior angles of the pronotum
are quite variable. In reared series of this species the posterior angles
of the pronotum are either rounded or more or less rectangular and
in some cases are projecting. Some specimens are more or less opaque,
but this is due to being somewhat greasy.

The types of the three Casey species have been examined and no
constant characters can be found for separating them from fortis
LeConte.

Genus BOSTRYCHOPSIS Lesne

Bostrychopsis Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 444, 524-553;
Schilsky, 1899, in Kiister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas 36: p. UU; Lesne, 1901,

842409—50——7

98 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Abeille 30: 87, 94; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 803, 805; Lesne,
1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Frangaise, pp. 114, 187-145; 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 38-40.

Head strongly convex on vertex, transversely flattened behind eyes,
deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above, with or without
a short, transverse elevation at middle behind clypeus; clypeus slightly
convex, broadly truncate or vaguely, shallowly emarginate in front,
anterior angles obtuse or rectangular; clypeal suture distinct at mid-
dle, obsolete at sides; labrum short, strongly transverse, subtruncate
and densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; margins of
buccal cavities not dentate below eyes; mandibles more or less attenu-
ate toward apices; eyes oval, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna
10-segmented ; first and second segments robust, first elongate, second
oval, shorter than first; third to seventh segments short, oval, trans-
verse, narrower than second segment, subequal in length to one an-
other; last three segments forming a broad, loose, compressed club,

subequal in length to one another, each with two small, round sensory

depressions on each surface, eighth and ninth subquadrate, truncate at
apices, tenth oblong, slightly narrower than ninth. Pronotum
strongly convex, truncate or emarginate in front, truncate at base,
dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin;
sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly
convex, with or without costiform callosities on apical declivity.
Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slightly expanded toward
apices, anterior pair dentate on exterior margins, each with a large,
arcuate spine at apex; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae,
apical segment of each shorter than preceding four segments united.
Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Pos-
terior coxal cavities completely margined on first visible abdominal
sternite. Intercoxal process of abdomen tubular or narrowly tri-
angular. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—Bostrychus parallelus Lesne. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1899) erected this genus for 16 species without designating
a genotype. Of these species 8 are from the Old World, 1 from
Austraha, 6 from South America, and 1 from North America. The
last species (fortis-Leconte) was designated by Casey (1898) as the
genotype of his new genus A patides.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOSTRYCHOPSIS

Dorsal surface of body pubescent; clypeus very densely clothed with short,
erect hairsss 2 eee ets. 2 tetraodon (Fairmaire), p. 98.

Dorsal surface of body glabrous; clypeus not clothed with short, erect hairs
parallela (Lesne), p. 99.

BosTRYCHOPSIS TETRAODON (Fairmaire)

Apate (Bostrichus) tetraodon Fairmaire, 1888, Le Naturaliste, 5: 205; 1883,
Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 6) 3: 96-97.

Bostrychopsis tetraodon Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 525,
530, figs. 148-144 ; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 39.
Male—Uniformly brownish black, with antennae more reddish

brown and antennal clubs and palpi brownish yellow; dorsal surface of

body rather densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs.
Head much narrower than pronotum, broadly, transversely concave
behind eyes, with a short, transverse, serrate elevtation at middle along

Ain sideline

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 99

anterior margin, densely, coarsely granulose on front (except concave
area, which is nearly smooth), and with short, longitudinal, parallel
costae on occiput; clypeus flat, opaque, with short, longitudinal ridges
along anterior margin, densely, very finely punctate, very densely
clothed with short, erect, yellowish hairs; clypeal suture distinct.

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest near middle, strongly
deflexed anteriorly, deeply, arcuately emarginate in front; sides
broadly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a large,
broad, unciform horn at apical angles; posterior angles broadly
rounded; surface densely imbricate-punctate on basal half, densely,
irregularly dentate on apical declivity, the teeth broad, semierect,
variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate
at base; sides vaguely expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly
rounded at apices, the margins sinuate, thickened, and strongly ele-
vated along apical declivity; sutural margins slightly, broadly, uni-
formly elevated on apical declivity; surface coarsely, densely, irregu-
larly punctate on basal two-thirds, finely, sparsely punctate on apical
declivity, with two or three coarse punctures on each side along sutural
margin; each elytron with two long tubercles along anterior margin
of apical declivity, the tubercles rather acute at apices, and the lateral
one slightly arcuate.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with rather
long, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite
broadly rounded at apex. Anterior and posterior tarsi with long
hairs on underside.

Female——Differs from the male in having the pronotum truncate
in front and not produced into a horn at apical angles, the apical de-
clivity arcuately deflexed, coarsely, and densely punctate, and the
apical margins scarcely elevated, but sinuately rounded with a small
tooth at the sutural angles, and without tubercles along the anterior
margin of the declivity, and the anterior and posterior tarsi without
long hairs on the underside.

Length 8-14 mm., width 3-4.5 mm.

Type locality —Choa, Abyssinia; type in the Paris Museum.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded from Abyssinia and
Egypt. One specimen was intercepted at New York, July 23, 1938,
in a wooden toy supposed to have come from Trinidad.

Hosts—Nothing has been recorded on the habits of this species.

BoOsSTRYCHOPSIS PARALLELA (Lesne)

Bostrychus parallelus Lesne, 1895, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 64: 174; 1897, Soe.
Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 18.

Bostrichus parallelus Stebbing, 1903. Notes on Insects that Affect Forestry
(India), No. 2, pp. 174—175, pl. 8, fig. 2.

Bostrychopsis parallela Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1808) 67: 532,
534-536, figs. 148-153; 1904, Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, Ent. Ser. 3: 106;
Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p. 316; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects,
pp, 145-146, fig. 93; Snyder, 1927, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1490, p. 30, fig. 32a;
Gardner, 1938, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 13, 14, pl. 4, figs. 50, 51
(larvae) ; Beeson, 1935, Indian Forester 61 (4): 253; Beeson and Bhatia,
1937, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. (n. ser.) 2: 225, 229, 232, 310, 313, 318, 320;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 39.

Male.—Uniformly black, sometimes with a slight reddish tinge, the
palpi and antennae reddish brown; dorsal surface of body glabrous.

100 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Head narrower than pronotum, smooth behind clypeus, with short,
longitudinal costae on occiput; clypeus sparsely, shallowly punctate,
not clothed with short, erect hairs, anterior angles rectangular;
clypeal suture distinct at middle, obsolete at sides. ,

Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest at middle, strongly de-
flexed anteriorly, arcuately emarginate in front; sides broadly
rounded, with a large, broad, unciform horn at apical angles; pos-
terior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely, irregularly punctate
at sides on basal half, densely, coarsely imbricate-punctate at middle
on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical declivity, the teeth
broad, semierect, and rasplike, with three or four larger teeth on each
side toward lateral margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle, truncate
at base; sides vaguely expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly
rounded at apices; the margins sinuate, thickened, and strongly ele-
vated along apical declivity; sutural margins slightly, broadly uni-
formly elevated on apical declivity; surface coarsely, densely, deeply
punctate, the punctures more or less arranged in rows on disk; each
elytron with two more or less distinct costiform callosities along an-
terior margin of apical declivity.

Body beneath densely, finely punctate or rugose; abdomen rather
densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, the hairs much
longer at apex of last visible sternite which is broadly rounded at
apex; second segment of posterior tarsi distinctly broader than last
segment.

Female.—Differs from the normal male in having a densely pubes-
cent spot on the head and a short, transverse elevation at the middle
behind the clypeus, the pronotum truncate in front and not produced
into a horn at the apical angles and the apical declivity of the elytra
arcuately deflexed and without costiform callosites along the anterior
margin.

Length 9-13 mm., width 3.5-4.5 mm.

Type localities —Indo-China, Hindostan, Formosa, Sumatra and
the Philippines; types in the Brussells and Paris Museums. The
specimen from Indo-China is here designated as lectotype.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded from India, Hindo-
stan, Indo-China, China, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Borneo,
Sumatra, Java, Soembawa, Flores, Celebes, and Makassar. Adults
have been intercepted at Washington and New York in dry bamboo
from the Orient and the Philippines.

Hosts.—Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded this species in Bam-
busa arundinacea, Dendrocalamus strictus, Smilax sp., Boswellia ser-
rata, Mallotus philip pinensis, Mangifera indica, and Pterocarpus indi-
cus, and Lesne (1899) recorded it in the roots of Smzlax china. 'This
species 1s primarily a borer in dry bamboos, especially those of large
diameter used for tent poles, army telegraph poles, and in the thatched
roots of bungalows.

Lesne (1895) described parallelus from specimens from widely dis-
tributed localities, without designating any as the type locality.

In this species it is difficult to determine the sex of some examples |
without dissection. Often the males have a mixture of the male and ©

i i

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 101

female external characters. The male sometimes differs from the
normal male in not having the horns on the pronotum, the horns being
replaced by two teeth, and the elytra without the marginal costiform
callosities, while in other specimens the horn is replaced by a tooth
and the marginal callosities are present on the elytral declivity as in
the normal males.

Tribe XYLOPERTHINI

Xyloperthini Lesne, 1921, Assoc. Frane. pour l’Avane. des Sci., Cong. de Stras-
bourg (1920), p. 288; 1924, Bostrychides de |’ Afrique Tropicale Francaise,
pp. 111, 208-288; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 55-68.

This is a rather large tribe of Bostrichidae, containing many genera,
which are found in all parts of the world. Species belonging to 12 of
these genera are either established in the United States or have been
intercepted in commerce.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF XYLOPERTHINI

1. Pronotum without a carina along lateral margins, or the carina only
iIndistimeEycimaicated-at, posterior anclesea2 22.220) fo ae 2
Pronotum with a very distinct carina along lateral margins posteriorly,
sharply bent at posterior angles and slightly prolonged along base____ 10
. Antennal club composed of 4 segments___-. Tetrapriocera Horn, p. 102.
Antennal clu composed: Of 3 segments2e2 24 ees Sb Pee ee
Se AMGeimmay MitMsS,OT FO SepIMeNtS .__ - ps Veer Nak es es ee
CCD e MO ,SeOmmentG: . ... ih 2 Bee eee et 8 ee
Pontenns with ousesiments— 242): c/s ee Vas Scobicia Lesne, p. 104.
Avitennarwithrs segments: !. Us... gens ei Octodesmus Lesne, p. 114.
. Segments of antennal club with sensory depressions on each surface____ 6
Segments of antennal club without sensory depressions on either
SOLCe re eee es Xyloperthella, new name, p. 116.
6. Apical declivity of elytra trituberculate on each side_________________- 7
Apical declivity of elytra bituberculate on each side_________________- 9
7. Lateral submargin on apical declivity of elytra very strongly elevated
and acutely, angularly separated at sutural angles; front of head convex
in both sexes; antennae densely pubescent__ Xyloprista Lesne, p. 117.
Lateral submargin on apical declivity of elytra not strongly elevated or
angularly separatedsat-sutural margingyeeuyuseses! 2g... So ellie 8
8. Tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity of elytra costiform,
cylindrical, all obtuse at apices; antenna densely clothed with long
hairs; female with front of head flattened or concave, and anterior
margin of pronotum with long hairs____-__ Xylomeira Lesne, p. 119.
Tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity of elytra subtriangu-
lar, all or at least 1 pair spinose at apices; antenna without, or
sparsely clothed with short hairs; female with front of head convex,
and anterior margin of pronotum without long hairs
Xylobiops Casey, p. 121.
9. First 2 segments of antennal club elongate, the first subtriangular;
female with front of head flattened or concave, and last visible abdom-
inal sternite not emarginate at apex_____-_ Dendrobiella Casey, p. 127.
First 2 segments of antennal club subrounded or oval; female with
front of head convex, and last visible abdominal sternite very deeply

o -F Ww bd
Ou

CMmareinatCacapeK 20) ) ne oe Xyloblaptus Lesne, p. 130.

10. Lateral margins of elytra very deeply, irregularly emarginate near

OIC e see ree te ery Ter hic ness ge aes Gs Xylion Lesne, p. 138.
Lateral margins of elytra not emarginate near apices__________------- 11

11. First 2 segments of antennal club elongate; front of head of female

VUIO MIRED OCH Mets se af) oo Sek: NXylothrips Lesne, p. 135.

First 2 segments of antennal club transverse; front of head of female
WMrunoutiereet airs. ()\-.!) |. 22 sets 5 epee Xylopsocus Lesne, p. 139.

102 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Genus TETRAPRIOCERA Horn

Tetrapriocera Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 541, 544-545, fig.; LeConte
and Horn, 1883, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 507: 228; Casey, 1898, N. Y.
Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 67; Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 475,
481-489, figs. 261-270; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 56.
Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus

strongly transverse, sinuate in front, with a small tooth on each side

at base of labrum; labrum short, truncate, and densely ciliate with
long, yellow hairs in front; mandibles more or less attenuate toward
apices; eyes very large oval, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna
rather long, 11-segmented, rather densely clothed with long erect
hairs; first and second segments robust, first elongate, arcuate, flat-
tened beneath, second oval or quadrate, much shorter than first; third
to seventh segments small, compact, transverse, and united shorter
‘than first; last four segments forming a large, loose, compressed club,
the segments subequal in length to one another, eighth to tenth oblong,
or subtriangular, each with two round sensory depressions on each
surface, the apical segment narrowly elongate. Pronotum strongly
convex, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin, truncate or
emarginate in front, truncate at base, dentate anteriorly; sides not
margined. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, each
elytron trituberculate along anterior margin of apical declivity. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibiae expanded toward apices, dentate on
exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior
tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter
than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous.
Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen
lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.
Genotype.—T etrapriocera schwarzi Horn. (Monobasic.)
This genus contains five species, only one of which has been found in
the United States.

TETRAPRIOCERA LONGICORNIS (Olivier)

Bostrichus longicornis Olivier, 1795, Entomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, pp. 15-16, pl. 3,
figs. 18a, b, ec.

Xylopertha longicornis Chevrolat, 1861, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 4) 1: 392.

Tetrapriocera longicornis Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, p.
218, pl. 10, fig. 20; Hubbard, 1888, Ent. Amer. 4: 95-96; Gorham, 1898, Zool.
Soc. London Proe., p. 329; Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67; Lesne, 1937,
Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 42: 239; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161,
p. 56; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.

Tetrapriocera schwarzi Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 545, fig.; Lesne,
1896, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., p. 335.

Tetrapriocera tridens Lesne (not Fabricius), 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann.
(1900) 69: 482, 483-486, figs. 261-265.

Apate rufescens Dejean, 1835, Cat. Coleopt., ed. 3, p. 8309; 1836, ed. 3 rev., p. 334.

Male.—Strongly shining, pale reddish brown, except apical de-
clivity of elytra, anterior tibiae in part, and sometimes front of head,
wee are dark reddish brown; antennae and palpi usually brownish
yellow.

Head slightly convex, with two small tubercles placed transversely
at middle near anterior margin, densely, finely punctate and rugose
on front, with short, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, sparsely

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 103

clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs; clypeus depressed at
middle along clypeal suture, more finely, and less densely punctate
than front of head, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish
hairs; clypeal suture distinct, strongly depressed at middle.

Pronotum quadrate, widest at middle; sides broadly rounded
posteriorly, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a broad, unci-
form tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; an-
terior margin broadly, arcuately emarginate; surface sparsely clothed
with short, erect, inconspicuous hairs on apical half, very finely,
sparsely punctate on each side at basal half, feebly, shallowly imbri-
cate-punctate at middle on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on
apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices (obtusely angu-
late when viewed from above); surface glabrous on disk, sparsely
clothed with very short, inconspicuous hairs on apical declivity, rather
finely, densely, irregularly punctate on basal two-thirds; coarsely,
deeply punctate, and somewhat rugose on apical declivity; apical de-
clivity with lateral submargins distinctly elevated, united laterally to
margins, obtusely rounded on tops, and curving inward to exterior
tubercles at anterior margin of declivity, the sutural margins broadly
elevated at middle and apex of declivity ; each elytron with three long,
costiform tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity, the tu-
bercles obtusely rounded at apices.

Body beneath finely, densely granulose, rather densely clothed with
rather short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, the hairs much longer at
apex of last visible abdominal sternite, which is broadly rounded at
apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the tubercles on the front
of the head closer together, the pronotum feebly emarginate in front
and without an unciform tooth at the apical angles, and the spine at the
apex of the anterior tibia larger and more strongly curved.

Length 3.5-6 mm., width 1.4-2 mm.

Type locality—Of longicornis, Santo Domingo; type in the Paris
Museum. Of schwarzi, Capron, Fla., and Santo Domingo; types in
the Horn Collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. Of rufescens, Brazil; location of type unknown to writer.

Distribution.—This species is distributed throughout South and
Central America, Mexico, West Indies, and the southern part of Flor-
ida. Large series of specimens have been examined from all these
regions and from the following localities in the United States:
FiLoripa : Biscayne, May 11-29; Capron, April 25; and Key West, April (Hubbard

and Schwarz). Paradise Key, February and Mareh (H. S. Barber and T. E.

Snyder). Vero Beach, October and November (J. R. Malloch).

Hosts—Hubbard (1888) recorded the adults as boring into the
living trunks and branches of Rhus metopium, but was unable to find
jarvae in these trees. He found the larvae and adults of this species
in the half-burned roots of Smlav. Zetek reports the adults abundant
- in the pruned and girdled branches of avocada and guayaba in the
Canal Zone. Adults have been intercepted at New York in derris
roots from Ecuador, and at Port Arthur, Tex., in wooden boxes from

Cuba.

104 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Olivier (1795) described Bostrichus longicornis collected on dead
wood in Santo Domingo by Palisot-Beauvois. Horn (1878) described
Tetrapriocera schwarzi from a specimen collected by E. A. Schwarz at
Capron, Fla., and another on which he erected his new genus 7'etrapr?-
ocera, from W. M. Gabb from the Island of Santo Domingo. Gorham
(1883) placed schwarzi Horn as a synonym of longicornis Olivier.
Dejean (1835) listed Apate rufescens from Brazil without giving any
description. Lesne (1901) associated A pate tridens Fabricius (1792)
with Tetrapriocera longicornis (1795), placing the latter species as a
synonym of ¢ridens. However, after Henriksen examined the type of
tridens and found it to be probably the same as the species described
by Fabricius (1801) under the name of torguata, Lesne restored long?-
cornis Olivier for this species.

Genus SCOBICIA Lesne

Scobicia Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 478-479, 580-600, figs.
423-441 ; 1901, Abeille 30: 87, 102-105, pl. 3, fig. 62 ; Csiki, 1903, Rov. Lapok. 10:
18, 19; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, Kifer, v. 3, pp. 302, 304; Jakobson,
1918, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 804, 806; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt.
Cat., pl. 161, pp. 57-58.

pe aa Casey, 1898 (not Guérin-Ménéville 1845), N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6:
66, 67.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, sinuate in front; labrum transverse, short, truncate
and densely ciliate with long, yellowish hairs in front; mandibles more
or less attenuate towards apices; eyes small or large, oval, globose,
strongly projecting. Antenna short, 9-segmented; first and second
segments robust, first elongate, arcuate, flattened on underside, second
quadrate or oval, much shorter than first; third to sixth short, trans-
verse, compact, united, shorter than first; last three segments forming
a large, loose, compressed club, each with a number of small sensory
depressions on each surface, the seventh subtriangular, eighth broadly
oblong, and ninth narrowly elongate, narrower and longer than eighth.
Pronotum strongly convex, broadly, arcuately emarginate in front,
truncate at base, dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind
anterior margin, sides not margined. Scutellum small, longer than
wide. Elytra strongly convex, with or without tubercles on anterior
margin of apical declivity and on thickened sutural margins. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibiae expanded toward apices, dentate on
exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior
tarsi as long as, or longer than, preceding four segments united. An-
terior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Inter-
coxal process of abdomen lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—A pate chevrieri Villa. (Present designation.)

Casey (1898) transferred the three American species (suturalis,
declivis, and bidentata) from Sinowylon to Xylopertha Casey (not
Xylopertha Guérin-Ménéville). Lesne (1901) erected Scobicia for
eight species, five from Europe and three from America, without desig-
nating a genotype. —

There are scarcely any useful secondary sexual characters for sepa-
rating the sexes in any of the species of this genus. The females -
usually have the last visible abdominal sternite a little more deeply
ements at the apex than the males, and the lateral grooves nearly
obsolete.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE ~ 105

Genus XYLOPERTHELLA, New Name

1. Sutural elevation on apical declivity of elytra armed with distinct, erect

rf) [oes 2s eee eS Se oo eee ee eee 2
Sutural elevation on apical declivity of elytra unarmed, without erect
Bee ree ee eee ee ee ee ee ONE’ 25 7
2. Teeth on sutural margins of apical declivity of elytra at middle of de-
elawigy «te Pt eigen vier - soo ee suturalis (Horn), p. 105.
Teeth on or near sutural margins on apical declivity of elytra above
we enantio ee ee 3
3. Teeth near sutural margins on apical declivity of elytra large, and dis-
aeaniend ee ieee ee a SES: | |: +1) AE PP ale te Pe et oe yay 4
Teeth on sutural margins on apical declivity of elytra small, and con-
ESET DOE DT By Ce ES ee a > a a 6

4. Tips of elytra obtusely angulated, perpendicularly elevated and angularly
separated at sutural margins; apical declivity with a distinct tubercle
at lateral margins, and the surface rather densely clothed with long,
PEP saIA Hig AES A ee pe feel ge lesnez, new species, p. 106.

Tips of elytra conjointly rounded, not perpendicularly elevated at sutural
margins; apical declivity with or without a distinct tubercle at lateral
margins, and the surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent hairs_-_ 5

. Apical declivity of elytra coarsely punctate, except along sutural margins;
sutural stria on each elytron narrowly, deeply depressed and punctate
on anterior part of declivity_________________bidentata (Horn), p. 107.

Apical declivity of elytra smooth and vaguely punctate over entire surface;
sutural stria on each elytron broad and smooth on anterior part of
deetvnige ets. 22- FFs. fo 2 te See monticola, new species, p. 108.
6. Concave surface on apical declivity of elytra sparsely punctate; sutural
stria on each elytron shallow and not distinctly punctate near apical
Geehamtiyeot sbyirath iy!) ee tera arizonica Lesne, p. 109.
Concave surface on apical declivity of elytra not punctate; sutural stria
on each elytron deeply depressed and coarsely punctate near apical
DEER EAS Oy es ea a eee es ee declivis (LeConte), p. 110.
7. Apical declivity of elytra obliquely deflexed, margined at sides; tips of
elytra not thickened or elevated at sutural margins
chevriert (Villa), p. 112.
Apical declivity of elytra arcuatelv defiexed, not margined at sides; tips of
elytra thickened and elevated at sutural margins
barbata (Wollaston), p. 113,

Or

ScoBICIA SUTURALIS (Horn)

Sinorylon suturale Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 542, 544; Coquillett,
1892, Insect Life 4: 261.

Xylopertha suturalis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67.

Scobicia suturalis Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent, de France Ann. (1900) 69 : 586-587, 596—
597, figs. 437-488 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 58.
Male.—Dark brown, with basal half of pronotum and elytra, anten-

nae, palpi, femora, and tarsi reddish or yellowish.

Head rather fiat, sparsely, finely punctate on front and clypeus,
with long, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, densely clothed
with very long, erect, brownish-yellow hairs, which are shorter and
inconspicuous at middle behind clypeus; clypeus flat, slightly de-
pressed at middle along posterior margin; clypeal suture arcuate, and
rather distinct at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small, broad
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface
sparsely clothed at sides with long, erect brownish hairs, and on apical
half with short, inconspicuous, erect hairs, very finely, sparsely punc-
tate on basal half, more distinctly punctate along sides on apical half
and at middle behind anterior margin, densely, irregularly dentate on
apical half of disk, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and
rasplike.

106 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides slight-
ly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded or obtusely angu-
lated at apices; surface densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellow-
ish hairs, which are shorter and inconspicuous on basal half of disk,
densely, finely, shallowly punctate on basal half, sparsely, coarsely,
deeply punctate on apical half, impunctate along sutural margins on
apical declivity near apices; apical declivity with sutural striae deeply
depressed and punctate in front of sutural teeth, the sutural margins
narrowly elevated, with two short, contiguous, costiform teeth, one on
each margin at middle of declivity, the lateral margins thickened and
elevated; each elytron with two or three vague, costiform callosities
along lateral margin of apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with

short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs; last visible sternite slightly

projecting and subtruncate or vaguely emarginate at apex, with dis-

tinct lateral grooves.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last abdominal sternite
shallowly, angularly emarginate at the apex, and the lateral grooves
obsolete.

Length 3.4-5 mm., width 1.2-1.6 mm.

Type locality. Sauzalito, Calif., type in the Horn Collection in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—From material examined :

CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles, March (C. W. Coquillett), July (A. Koebele). Los
Gatos (Hubbard and Schwarz). Santa Cruz Mountains (A. Koebele). West
Indian Gardens, Altadena.

Hosts.—Coquillett (1892) recorded the adults of this species bur-
rowing in dead grape vines during October, usually two adults at
each joint.

Horn described this species from a single specimen collected by
James Behrens.

SCOBICIA LESNEI, new species

-Scobicia bidentata Lesne (not Horn), 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69:

587, 599-600, fig. 441.

Female.—Dark brown, base of pronotum rarely reddish, elytra red-
dish brown, paler toward base, antennae, palpi, femora in part, and
tarsi yellowish brown.

Head slightly convex, finely, rather densely punctate on front and
clypeus, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather
densely clothed on front with very long, erect, brownish hairs, which
are Shorter and inconspicuous at middle behind clypeus; clypeus flat,
shghtly depressed at middle along posterior margin; clypeal suture
depressed at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides regu-
larly, broadly rounded, with a small, broad tooth at apical angles;
posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short,
recumbent and erect, inconspicuous hairs, with numerous very long,
erect, brownish hairs along sides on apical half and along anterior
margin, very sparsely, finely punctate on basal half, coarsely, sparsely
dentate at middle along anterior margin, densely, irregularly dentate
on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 107

slightly expanded posteriorly, obtusely angulated at apices, which are
angularly separated; surface densely clothed with rather long, re-
cumbent whitish hairs posteriorly, the hairs short and inconspicuous
on basal half of disk, coarsely, densely punctate, the punctures shallow
on basal half, becoming coarser and deeper on apical declivity, but
impunctate along sutural margins behind teeth on declivity; apical
declivity with sutural striae deeply depressed on anterior part, the
sutural margins not strongly elevated but broadly expanded above
middle of declivity and armed with two small teeth, which are acute
at apices, slightly divergent, and separated at bases, the lateral margins
thickened and elevated into an erect, obtuse tubercle near sutural
angle; each elytron with a rather acute, semierect tubercle at middle
along lateral margin of apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath rather coarsely, densely punctate, rather densely
clothed with moderately long, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible
sternite triangularly emarginate at apex, with indistinct lateral
grooves and lateral pieces.

- Male.—Differs from the female in having the last visible abdominal
sternite rounded at the apex, and with distinct lateral grooves and
lateral pieces.

Length 3.5-5.5 mm., width 1.2-2 mm.

Type locality —Texas, no definite locality.

Type, allotype, and paratypes.—In the United States National Mu-
seum, No. 58316.

Described from five specimens (one female type). The type was
collected by G. W. Belfrage; the allotype was collected on elm at
Uvalde, Tex., by W. F. Fiske; one paratype labeled Texas, collected
by Mr. Fuller; one paratype collected March 15 at Cypress Mills, Tex. ;
and one paratype from Texas, reared February 2, 1893, from fig
twigs.

SCOBICIA BIDENTATA (Horn)

Sinozylon bidentatum Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 542, 544.

Xylopertha bidentata Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 67.

Scobicia bidentata Leonard, 1928, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 57; Brimley, 1938, Insects
of North Carolina, p. 197; Anderson, 1989, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9):
391, figs. 86, 42 (larvae).

Male—Dark brown, base of pronotum reddish, elytra usually
reddish brown, sometimes yellowish toward base; palpi, femora, and
tarsi yellowish brown.

Head slightly convex, finely, densely punctate on front and clypeus,
with longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather densely clothed
on front with very long, erect, brownish hairs, which are shorter at
middle behind clypeus; clypeus flat, shghtly depressed at middle along
posterior margin; clypeal suture depressed at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest behind middle; sides
broadly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small,
broad tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; sur-
face sparsely clothed with short, erect and recumbent, inconspicuous
hairs, with numerous very long, erect, whitish hairs along sides on
apical half, finely, very sparsely punctate on basal half, sparsely,
coarsely punctate at sides on apical half and at middle along anterior
margin, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half of disk, the teeth
broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

108 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum behind middle; sides
vaguely expanded posteriorly, separately obtusely rounded at apices;
surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs,
densely, coarsely punctate, the punctures coarser and deeper on apical
declivity, but impunctate along sutural margins behind marginal
teeth on declivity ; apical declivity with sutural striae deeply depressed
in front of teeth on declivity, the sutural margins broadly expanded
and elevated, with two large, round teeth near top of declivity, the
teeth slightly divergent and separated at bases, and the lateral margins
thickened and strongly elevated; each elytron with two more or
less distinct, costiform callosities along lateral margin of apical
declivity.

Abdomen beneath densely, finely punctate, rather densely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite subtruncate
at apex, with distinct lateral grooves.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite vaguely emarginate at the apex, and the lateral grooves
obsolete.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1-1.6 mm.

Type locality—Nebraska, no definite locality; type in the Horn
Collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution—From material examined :

DIstTRict oF CoLUMBIA: Washington, June 13-27 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Rock

Creek Park and Brookland (R. W. Van Horn).

GrorGIA: Barnesville, May 29, 1933 (T. L. Bissell).

ILLINOIS: Southern part (H. Soltau).

INDIANA: Hammond, May 30, 1915 (C. Selinger).

KANSAS: Riley County (E. A. Popenoe).

MARYLAND: Bladensburg, June 138, 1916.

MicHIGAN: Detroit, June (Hubbard and Schwarz).

NEBRASKA: No locality (Hubbard and Schwarz).

NEw JERSEY: Camden (G. M. Greene). Clementon (H. A. Kaeber).

nee ae West Point, June 22, 1913 (W. Robinson). Long Island (M. L.
nell).

VIRGINIA: Rosslyn (F. H. Chittenden).

Hosts.—The species has been reared from hickory (Hicoria sp.)
and chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkhausen).

Horn described this species from a single specimen. Lesne (1901)
redescribed what he thought to be this species from a single female
collected in Texas by Belfrage. This last specimen is not bidentata
Horn, but /esnei Fisher.

SCOBICIA MONTICOLA, new species

Male.—Brownish black, base of pronotum reddish on each side,
antennae and legs, except tarsi, reddish brown, palpi and tarsi brown-
ish yellow.

Head slightly convex, sparsely, rather finely punctate on front and
clypeus, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather
densely clothed on front with very long, erect, yellowish-white hairs,
which are shorter and inconspicuous at middle behind clypeus;
clypeus flat, deeply depressed at middle along posterior margin;
clypeal suture distinct at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest behind middle; sides
broadly Pande more strongly converging anteriorly, with three

small, broad teeth on each side near apical angle; posterior angles

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 109

broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous
hairs, which are recumbent on basal half and erect on apical half, and
with numerous very long, erect, yellowish white hairs along sides
and anterior margin, finely, sparsely, indistinctly punctate on basal
third, densely, coarsely punctate or rugose at middle along anterior
margin, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad,
semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra ‘at base slightly narrower than pronotum at middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices:
surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, reddish-brown hairs,
which are slightly longer on apical declivity, densely, coarsely, deeply
punctate on disk, finely, sparsely, indistinctly punctate on apical de-
clivity; apical declivity with sutural striae smooth and not depressed
on anterior part, the sutural margins narrowly elevated, armed near
top of declivity with two short, conical teeth, which are obtusely
rounded at apices and separated at bases, the lateral margins thickened
and strongly elevated, but without elevated tubercles at sutural angles;
each elytron with a moderately elevated, obtuse tubercle behind mid-
dle along lateral margin of apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, rather finely, shallowly punctate,
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible ster-
nite rounded at apex, with distinct lateral grooves and lateral pieces.

Female —Unknown.

Length 5.5 mm., width 1.8 mm.

Type locality. —Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz.

Type.—tIn the United States National Museum, No. 58317.

Described from a single male specimen reared June 14, 1915, from
white oak (Quercus alba Linn. ) collected at the type locality by M.
Chrisman. There is also a broken specimen in the collection reared
August 13, 1914, from oak (@uercus sp.) collected at the same locality
by M. Chrisman.

ScoBICIA ARIZONICA Lesne

Scobicia arizonica Lesne, 1907, Paris Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Bul., pp. 244-245; 1938, in

Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 57.

Male.—Dark reddish brown to brownish black, usually with base of
pronotum reddish; antennae, palpi, and legs (except sometimes tibiae)
brownish yellow.

Head slightly convex, sparsely, finely punctate on front and clypeus,
with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather densely clothed
on front with very long, erect, brownish hairs, which are short and
inconspicuous at middle behind clypeus; clypeus flat, slightly depressed
at middle along posterior margin, sometimes longitudinally grooved
at middle, with or without a small tooth on each side along anterior
margin at base of labrum; clypeal suture sinuate, depressed at middle,
distinct at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly with a small, br oad
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles br oadly rounded; surface
sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous hairs, which are recumbent
on basal half and erect on apical half, with numerous long, erect, brown-
ish hairs along sides and anterior margin, finely, sparsely punctate or
granulose on basal half, except near poster ior angles, where the surface

110 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

is impunctate, densely, finely punctate or granulose at middle along

anterior margin, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth

broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides paral-
lel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, coarsely, densely punctate,
extept on apical declivity, where the surface is longitudinally concave
and very sparsely, finely punctate; apical declivity with sutural striae
smooth and not depressed on anterior part, the sutural margins nar-
rowly elevated, not expanded laterally, armed at top of declivity with
two small teeth, which are obtuse at apices and contiguous at bases,
the lateral margins thickened and strongly elevated; each elytron with
two or three smooth, obtusely rounded costae at base.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, finely punctate, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs; last visible sternite rounded
at apex, with the lateral grooves distinct.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite slightly, angularly emarginate at the apex, and the lateral
grooves obsolete. |

Length 38-6 mm., width 1-2 mm.

Type locality.—Arizona, no definite locality; types in the Paris
Museum and the Pic Collection.

Distribution—F rom material examined:

Arizona: Chiricahua Mountains, June 16, and Santa Rita Mountains, May 26
(Hubbard and Schwarz). Palmerlee, Cochise County, July (C. Schaeffer).
Santa Catalina Mountains (J. L. Webb and M. Chrisman). Redington, April 7,
ue Chrisman). Prescott National Forest, June 16, 1930 (M. W. Black-
man).

TExAS: Uvalde (W. F. Fiske). Cypress Mill, March 15 (F. H. Chittenden).

Hosts.—This species has been reared from Emory oak (Quercus
emory? Torrey), Arizona white oak (Quercus arizonica Sargent), can-
yon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann), walnut (Juglams sp.),
elm (Udmus sp.), and hackberry (Cedtis sp.).

Lesne described this species from two specimens (male and female)
from Arizona without giving any definite locality. 3

ScosIcIA DECLIvIs (LeConte)

Sinozylon declive LeConte, 1857, Explorations and Survey, Pacific R. R. Rpt. 12
(2): 19, 48; Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 542, 544; Comstock, 1881,
U.S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Rpt. for 1880, p. 275; Rivers, 1886, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 2:
63-72 ; Coquillett, 1892, Insect Life 4: 260-261; Wickham, 1895, Iowa Univ. Lab.
Nat. Hist. Bul. 3: 33-34, pl. 1, fig. 2 (larva) ; Fall, 1901, Calif. Acad. Sci. Occas.
Papers 8: 282; Baker, 1915, Engin. News 74: 1006; Schuler, 1916, Telephony
70: 17-19, 24-25, figs.

Xylopertha declivis Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67; Essig, 1915, In-
jurious and Beneficial Insects of California, ed. 2, p. 239.

Scobicia declivis Lesne, 1901. Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 587, 597-598,
figs. 489-440; anonymous, 1919, Field and Farm 34:10; Snyder, 1920, Wash.
Acad. Sci. Jour. 10: 580; Child, 1920, Sci. Amer. 123: 637, fig. 1; Boving, 1922,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1107, app. 49-54, pls. 1-2 (larvae) ; Burke, Hartman, and
Snyder, 1922, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1107, pp. 1-48, figs. 3-15, pls, 3-10 ; Boving and
Craighead, 1931, Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 11: pl. 101, figs. O-W, Y—Z (figures larva) ;
Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 58; Anderson, 1939, Wash.
Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9) : 391, figs. 37-88 (larvae).

Male.—Brownish black, with the posterior angles of pronotum, hu-
meri, antennae, palpi, legs, and abdomen in part reddish or yellowish
brown.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE ETE

Head moderately convex, sparsely, finely punctate on front and
clypeus, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather
densely clothed on front with very long, erect, brownish hairs, which
are short and inconspicuous at middle behind clypeus; clypeal suture
distinct at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly
rounded or parallel posteriorly, arcuately converging anteriorly,
with a small, broad tooth at anterior angles; posterior angles broadly
rounded; surface rather densely clothed along sides and anterior
margin with long, erect, brownish-yellow hairs, very sparsely,
finely punctate at sides on basal half and at middle along anterior mar-
gin, obsoletely, imbricate-punctate or granulose at middle on basal half,
densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect,
variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface sparsely
clothed with very short, recumbent, inconspicuous, yellowish hairs,
coarsely, densely, deeply punctate, except along sutural margins on
apical declivity, where the surface is 1mpunctate and smooth; apical
declivity with sutural striae deeply depressed on anterior part, the
sutural margins shghtly, narrowly elevated, with two short, contig-
uous teeth, one on each margin near top of declivity, lateral margins
thickened and elevated; each elytron with two smooth, obtusely
rounded costae at base.

Abdomen beneath densely, finely punctate, sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite rounded at apex
with the lateral grooves distinct.

Female.—Resembles the male very closely, but usually has the last
visible abdominal sternite slightly emarginate at the apex and the lat-
eral pieces obsolete.

Length 5-7.5 mm., width 1.75-2.75 mm.

Type locality—Sacramento, Calif.; type in the LeConte Collection
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution.—From material examined :

CALIFORNIA: Los Gatos, Santa Cruz Mountains, Fresno, Monterey, Yosemite
Valley, King’s River, Inyo Mountains, Kaweah, Sylvania, Lake Tahoe,
Confidence, Hillsborough, Argus Mountains, Hollister, Lamoine, Los Angeles,
Mokelumne, Dunsmuir, Nordhoff, Palo Alto, Shingle Springs, Placerville,
Salinas, San José, Vade, Watsonville, Sacramento, Tuolumne, Pomona, Orange,
Cisco, Fort Tejon, Sonoma, Afton Canyon, Merced Falls, Humboldt County, and
San Nicolas Island.

OREGON : Hood River, Corvallis, Ashland, and Benton County.

WASHINGTON : Yakima.

Hosts.—Adults have been reared from sweet cherry (Prunus avium
L.), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolid Née), California black oak
(Quercus kelloggii Newberry), California blue oak (Quercus douglasii
Hooker and Arnott), valley white oak (Quercus lobata Née), canyon
live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebmann), tan oak (Quercus den-
sifiora (Hooker and Arnott) Rehder), English elm (Udmus campestris
L.), bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh.), Oregon myrtle (Um-
bellularia california (Hooker and Arnott) Nuttall.), gum (HLucalyp-
tus sp.) and wattle (Acacia sp.). Coquillett (1892) recorded it from
orange and rose stalks. KE. J. Newcomer reared it from grape canes

at Yakima, Wash.

112 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

In the economic literature this beeetle is listed under the common
name “lead cable borer.” ‘This species causes considerable damage to
the lead sheathing of aerial cables by boring round holes through the
lead sheathing from the outside surface to the paper insulation of the
wires within, causing the electric current to be short-circuited. In
many cases this injury is not noticed until after a rain, when the
water soaks through and causes the short circuit. In some cases these
beetles may attack and kill hving trees. Rivers (1886) recorded the
adults of this species attacking dry lumber, particularly oak, and es-
pecially oaken wine casks, causing serious loss to the wine industry.
A detailed account of the biology of this species is given by Boving
(1922).

ScoBICIA CHEVRIERI (Villa)

Apate chevrieri Villa, 1885, Coleopt. Europae dupleta Sup., p. 49 (publication not
seen.

Pe chevrieri Jacquelin-Duval, 1859-1863, Genera Coléopt. Europe, v.
3, Cat. p. 167; Lesne, 1900, Soc. Ent. de France Bul., pp. 10-12.

Scobicia chevrieri Lesne, 1901, Soc Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 568, 592-595,
figs. 260, 423, 425, 488, 485; 1901, Abeille 30: 1038, 104-105, pl. 3, figs. 61-62.
70-72 ; 1802, ibid. 30: 125, Csiki 1908, Rov. Lapok. 10: 19; Lesne, 1904, Abeille
30: 157; Reitter, 1911, Fauna Germanica, Kiifer, v. 3, p. 304; Lesne, 1938, in
Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 57—58.

Apate capillata Dejean, 1836, Cat. Coleopt., ed 3 rev., p. 334.

A ylopertha foveicollis Allard, 1869, Abeille 5: 468; Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser: 6) 1: 249.

Xylopertha pustulata Kiesenwetter (not Fabricius), 1877, in Erichson, Natur-
gesch. Insect. Deut. Coleopt., v. 5, pt. 1, pp. 38-389; Zoufal, 1894, Wien. Ent. Ztg.
13: 39 (part) ; Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 65: pl. 8, fig. 4; Schilsky,
1899, in Ktister and Kraatz, Kifer Europas 36 (93).

Scobicia pustulata Jakobson, 1918, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, p. 806, pl. 43, fig. 9;
Lesne, 1937, Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 42: 239.

The bibliography given for this species is not complete, as only the
more important articles are cited.

Male—Dark brown, usually with basal area of pronotum and elytra
reddish ; antennae, palpi, and legs (except sometimes tibiae) brownish
yellow.

Head flat, and finely, rather densely punctate on front, convex,
with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather densely
clothed on front with very long, erect, brownish-yellow hairs, which
are shorter and inconspicuous on median part behind clypeus; clypeus
slightly convex, constricted and longitudinally grooved at middle,
rather densely, shallowly punctate; clypeal suture distinct, sinuate;
eyes large.

Pronotum wider than long, widest behind middle; sides broadly
rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small, broad
tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; surface
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, smooth
and impunctate on basal half, sparsely, finely punctate or granulose
at middle along anterior margin, rather densely, irregularly dentate
on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base narrower than pronotum behind middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded (obtusely
angulate when viewed from above) at apices; surface sparsely clothed
with recumbent, brownish-yellow hairs, which are very short and in-
conspicuous on disk, but longer and denser on apical declivity, finely,
densely punctate on disk, very coarsely, deeply punctate on apical

ee eee

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE ie 4

declivity; apical declivity obliquely deflexed, the margins at sides dis-
tinct and slightly gibbose posteriorly, with sutural striae depressed
and punctuate on anterior part; the sutural margins strongly gibbose
and expanded below middle of declivity, the margins not tuberculate
but the sides perpendicular, lateral margins not thickened or elevated.

Abdomen beneath finely, shallowly punctate or granulose, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible sternite
rounded at apex, with rather distinct lateral grooves.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite angularly emarginate at the apex, and with the lateral grooves
obsolete.

Length 2.25-4.5 mm., width 1-1.5 mm.

Type locality—Of chevrieri, unknown to writer. Of foveicollis,
Sicily ; type probably in the René Oberthiir Collection. Of pustulata,
southern Tyrol; type was in the Miinchen Museum. Of capillata,
Lombardy, Italy; location of type unknown to writer.

Distribution.—This species is widely distributed throughout the
Mediterranean region, both in southern Europe and northern Africa.
Adults were intercepted at New York, July 18, 1927, in roots from
Italy, and also were reared from hardwood strips binding bales of
cork received from the Mediterranean region, and stacked along the
railroad at Nicholson, Miss. So far as known, this species has not
become established in the United States.

Hosts—This species is recorded in the literature as attacking the
following plants: fig (cus sp.), mulberry (Morus sp.), green oak
(Quercus ilea L.), laurel, mastic tree (P2stacia lentiscus L.), English
oak (Quercus robur L.), evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera L.), birch
(Betula sp.), fox grape (Vitis labrusca L.), and pomegranate (Punica
granatum L.).

ScosictA BARBATA (Wollaston)

ye aii barbatus Wollaston, 1860, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (ser. 3), 5:

59-360.

Xylopertha barbata Wollaston, 1865, Coleopt. Atlantidum, p. 231, app., pp. 38-39.

Scobicia barbata Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 586, 591,
figs. 428, 480; 1901, Abeille 30: 102, 104, pl. 3, figs. 67-68, 1938, in Junk (pub.),

Coleopt. Cat. pt. 161, p. 57.

Female.—Dark reddish brown, basal area of pronotum and elytra,
antennae, palpi, and legs paler.

Head flat, and finely, densely punctate on front, convex, with long,
longtitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, rather densely clothed with
very long, erect, brownish-yellow hairs, which are shorter at middle
in front of clypeus; clypeus flat, depressed at middle along posterior
margin, densely, finely punctate or granulose; clypeal suture sinuate,
obsolete toward sides; eyes large.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at basal third; sides
broadly rounded posteriorly, strongly converging anteriorly, with a
small, broad, arcuate tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly
rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicu-
ous hairs, with a few long, erect, yellowish hairs along sides anteriorly,
very sparsely, finely punctate on basal half, finely, densely granulose
at middle along anterior margin, densely, irregularly dentate on
apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

842409—50——_8

114 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded (obtusely
angulate when viewed from above) at apices; surface rather densely
clothed posteriorly with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are
sparser and inconspicuous on basal half, sparsely, rather finely, shal-
lowly punctate on basal half, coarsely, densely, deeply punctate on
apical half; apical declivity arcuately deflexed, the margins at sides
of declivity obsolete, but with one or two obsolete callosities on each
side, with sutural striae deeply depressed and punctured on anterior
part of declivity, the sutural margins strongly gibbose and broadly
expanded at middle of declivity, the sides of gibbosity perpendicular,
but the margins not tuberculate, lateral margins slightly thickened and
elevated at sutural angles.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, densely punctate, sparsely clothed with
. short, recumbent, yellowish-white hairs; last visible sternite emar-
ginate at apex, with obsolete lateral grooves.

Male.—N ot seen.

Length 5 mm., width 1.6 mm.

Type of locality—Quinto de Sao Joao, near Funchal, Madeira
Islands; type in the Hope Museum at Oxford.

Dstribution—This species is recorded in the literature from Porto
Santo, Praia Formosa, and Quinta de Sao Joao, all in the Madeira
Islands. One specimen was intercepted at Boston, December 7, 1925,
with tomato seeds from the Azores Islands. So far as known, it has
not become established in the United States.

Hosts.—Nothing is recorded about the biology of this species except
that Bewicke collected several adults among old logs of wood in a
small shed or outhouse.

Genus OCTODESMUS Lesne

Octodesmus Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 479, 616-620 ; 1988,

in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 61.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, emarginate or lobed in front; labrum transverse,
broadly rounded and densely ciliate with long, white hairs in front;
mandibles attenuate toward apices; eyes oval, globose, strongly pro-
jecting. Antenna 8-segmented; first and second segments robust, first
elongate, twice as long as second, which is oval; third to fifth segments
short, compact, transverse, united subequal in length to second; last
three segments forming a large, loose, compressed club, densely clothed
with short, recumbent yellow hairs, each with two round sensory
depressions on each surface, the sixth segment subtriangular, seventh
oval, and eighth elongate oval, narrower and longer than seventh.
Pronotum strongly convex, truncate at base and apex, dentate anteri-
orly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides not
margined. Scutellum small, transverse. Elytra strongly convex, with
distinct tubercles on anterior margin of apical declivity. Legs short,
subequal in length; tibiae strongly expanded toward apices, dentate
on exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior
tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter
than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous.
Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen
lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE iat

Genotype.—O ctodesmus episternalis Lesne. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1901) erected Octodesmus for 2 species, Xylopertha parvulus
Lesne and Octodesmus episternalis Lesne, both from India, the former
described from a single female and the latter from 11 examples includ-
ing both sexes. No genotype was designated by Lesne.

OCTODESMUS EPISTERNALIS Lesne

Octodesmus episternalis Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 617,
618-620, figs. 470-472 ; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 61.
Male—Brownish yellow, with pronotum and apical declivity of

elytra reddish, the head and anterior tibiae dark reddish brown.

Head slightly convex, vaguely, transversely concave behind eyes,
glabrous, densely, finely granulose on front, with fine, longitudinal,
parallel costae on occiput; clypeus slightly convex, coarsely densely
punctate or rugose, deeply depressed at middle along posterior mar-
gin, the anterior margin with a short, median lobe, which is sub-
truncate at apex; clypeal suture feebly indicated at middle.

Pronotum subequal in length and width, widest behind middle; sides
broadly, strongly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with
a small broad tooth near apical angles; posterior angles broadly
rounded ; surface glabrous posteriorly with numerous long, erect hairs
along lateral margins on apical half; smooth and indistinctly punctate
on basal half, rather densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the
teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum behind middle; sides
nearly parallel, sinuate, thickened, and strongly elevated along apical
declivity, triangularly separated at sutural margins; surface glabrous,
finely, densely punctate on basal two-thirds, impunctate and indis-
tinctly granulose on apical declivity; apical declivity abruptly,
obliquely deflexed, concave, the sutural margins strongly, narrowly
elevated, and sparsely punctate on tops; each elytron with a long, acute,
shghtly arcuate spine at middle along exterior margin of apical
declivity.

Abdomen beneath indistinctly punctate, sparsely clothed with short,
recumbent, inconspicuous hairs; last visible sternite broadly rounded
at apex. Metasternal episternum very large, convex, arcuate on inner
margin. Anterior tibiae strongly expanded at apices, feebly, longi-
tudinally concave on inher surface; anterior and posterior tibiae
clothed with long, white hairs.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the lateral margins of the
elytra dentate on the underside near the sutural angles, the last visible
abdominal sternite deeply emarginate at the apex, and the preceding
sternite armed with two very fine spines at the middle of the posterior
margin.

Length 4-5.5 mm., width 1.4-1.7 mm.

Type locality— Carin Cheba and Asciuii Cheba,” altitude 900 to
1,300 meters, Burma; and northern India. Types in the Genoa and
Paris Museums and the Oberthiir Collection.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded only from the type
localities. Two specimens were intercepted at Boston, Mass., August
9, 1916, in bamboo from Maymyo, Burma. So far as known, it has
not become established in the United States.

Hosts——Nothing has been recorded on the habits of this species.

116 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

This is the only species-of Bostrichidae having the inner margin of
the metasternal episternum arcuate.

Genus XYLOPERTHELLA, New Name

Xylopertha Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 477, 527-536 ; 1901,
Abeille 30: 87, 97-99, pl. 2, figs. 45, 46; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10,
pp. 804, 806 (part) ; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Frangaise,
pp. 209, 217-226 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 62-63.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, shallowly, arcuately emarginate in front, obtusely
angulated on each side at lateral margin of labrum; labrum large,
transverse, broadly rounded or subtruncate, and densely ciliate with
long golden-yellow hairs in front; mandibles attenuate toward apices;
eyes oval, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna 10-segmented; first
and second segments robust, first elongate, twice as long as second,
which is oval; third to seventh segments short, compact, transverse
(except third), united subequal in length to first segment of club; last
three segments forming a large, loose, compressed club, densely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, but without distinct sensory
depressions, eighth and ninth subtriangular, shghtly transverse, and
tenth oval, slightly longer than ninth. Pronotum slightly convex,
arcuately emarginate in front, truncate at base, dentate anteriorly, not
transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides not margined.
Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly convex, with or without
tubercles on anterior margin of apical declivity. Legs rather long,
subequal in length; tibiae expanded toward apices, each with a large,
arcuate spine at apex, dentate on exterior margins; posterior tarsi as
long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than
preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Middle
coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen lamellate.
Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—Bostrichus piceus Olivier. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1901) restricted the use of Xylopertha for three species,
crinttarsis Imhoff, pzcea Olivier, and scutula new species, all from
Africa. None of these species were originally included in X ylopertha,
and he probably overlooked the designation of sinwata Fabricius as the
type of Xylopertha by Gorham.? Since Xylopertha cannot be used
for the above species, I propose Xyloperthella for Xylopertha Lesne
(1901), not Xylopertha Guérin-Ménéville (1845).

XYLOPERTHELLA CRINITARSIS (Imhoff)

Xylopertha (?) crinitarsis Imhoff, 1848, Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 5: 177 (publica-
tion not seen).

Xylopertha crinitarsis Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 528,
534-535, figs. 330, 332; 1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Frangaise, pp.
219, 225-226, figs. 5, 24, 186, 144, 145; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.
AGI p62:

Sinorylon pubescens Murray, 1867, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 3) 20: 93-94.

Xylopertha pubescens Lesne, 1896, Soe. Ent. de France Bul., p. 335.

Male.—Dark reddish brown, with bases of elytra and pronotum

shghtly paler, sometimes entirely reddish brown, the antenna and
palpi yellowish brown.

° Gorham, H. S. MALACODERMATA. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, p.
215, 18383.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 117

Head slightly convex; front slightly deflexed along anterior mar-
gin, densely, finely granulose, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent,
whitish hairs; occiput with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae; clypeus
flat, coarsely, sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with short, semi-
erect, inconspicuous hairs; clypeal suture deeply depressed at middle,
indistinct toward sides.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest at basal third; sides
broadly rounded posteriorly, more obliquely coverging anteriorly,
with a large, broad, unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles
broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent and
semierect, inconspicuous hairs, sparsely, rather finely granulose on
basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad,
semierect, variable in size, and rasplike, with a few larger teeth on each
side near lateral margins.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly triangularly emarginate at
apices (obtusely angulate when viewed from above) ; surface rather
densely clothed with very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are
more semierect on apical declivity, finely, densely punctate on basal
two-thirds, the punctures denser and coarser posteriorly, coarsely,
deeply, confluently punctate on apical declivity; sutural margins
broadly expanded and moderately elevated on apical declivity,
strongly, abruptly elevated at apices; lateral submargin extending
inward to near lateral tubercle on anterior margin of apical declivity;
each elytron with three distinct, costiform tubercles along anterior
margin of apical declivity, the two sutural tubercles spinose at apices,
the lateral one obtusely rounded at apex.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite broadly rounded
at apex.

Pent Titler from the male in having the underside of the lat-
eral margins of the elytra armed with a large, broad tubercle near
the sutural angles, and the last visible abdominal sternite with a large,
round emargination at the apex, the emargination nearly closed pos-
teriorly by two converging spiniform teeth.

Length 5.5-9 mm., width 2.75-3.4 mm.

Type locality—Of crinitarsis, Africa (4); location of type un-
known to writer but probably in the Museum at Basel, Switzerland.
Of pubescens, Old Calabar, Africa; type in the British Museum.

Distribution —The distribution of this species is restricted to the
central-western part of Africa, from Portuguese Guinea to Loanda,
and includes French Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Gold
Coast, Nigeria, Kamerun, Togoland, Portuguese Guinea, and Belgian
Congo. This species has been intercepted at New York and Balti-
more in mahogany logs from the Gold Coast, Africa. So far as
known, it has not become established in the United States.

Hosts—Lesne (1924) records this species as living in the dead wood
of Cacaoyer (cacao tree).

Genus XYLOPRISTA Lesne

Xyloprista Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 475, 497-502; 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 55.
Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, subtruncate in front, with a small tooth on each

118 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

side at base of labrum; labrum short, transverse, densely ciliate in
front with long, yellow hairs; mandibles simple in both sexes, at-
tenuate toward apices; eyes large, oval, globose, strongly projecting. ©
Antenna short, 10-segmented, densely clothed with long hairs; first —
and second segments robust, elongate, the first arcuate and much
longer than second; third to seventh segments small, transverse, com-
pact, united shorter than first; last three segments forming a large,
loose club, with numerous small, round, sensory depressions on each
surface, the eighth and ninth segments irregularly oblong, and tenth ~
narrowly elongate, longer than ninth. Pronotum strongly convex, ©
emarginate or truncate in front, truncate or sinuate at base, dentate ©
anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides —
not margined. Scutellum small, subtriangular, truncate at apex.
Elytra strongly convex; lateral submargins on apical declivity very
strongly elevated at apices; each elytron trituberculate along anterior
margin of apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae
expanded toward apices, dentate on exterior margins, each with a
large, arcuate spine at apex; posterior tarsi as long as tibiae, apical
segment of each shorter than preceding four segments united. Ante-
rior coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal
process of abdomen lamellate. Body short, cylindrical.

Genotype —A ylopertha hexacantha Fairmaire. (Present des-
ignation. )

Lesne (1901) erected Xyloprista for Xyloprista arcellata new spe-
cies, Xylopertha praemorsa Erichson, and Xylopertha hexacantha |
Fairmaire without designating a genotype. All of these species are |
found in the warmer parts of South America. |

XYLOPRISTA HEXACANTHA (Fairmaire)

Xylopertha heracantha Fairmaire, 1892, Soe. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 36: 245.
Xyloprista heracantha Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 499, 501-

502, figs. 285, 291; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 55.

Male-—Uniformly reddish brown or brownish black, the antennae,
palpi, and posterior margins of abdominal sternites brownish yellow,
legs reddish.

Head moderately convex, with two to four distinct tubercles on
front, densely, coarsely granulose, and sparsely clothed with long, re-
cumbent and erect, whitish hairs on front, with short, longitudinal,
parallel costae on occiput ; clypeus finely, transversely rugose or granu-
lose; clypeal suture not distinct.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides broadly,
arcuately rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small,
broad tooth at apical angles; posterior angles broadly rounded; sur-
face sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, very
finely, sparsely punctate at sides on basal half, finely, densely imbricate-
punctate at middle on basal half, rather densely, irregularly dentate
on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike,
with a few larger teeth toward apical angles.

Elytra at base slightly narrower, or subequal in width to pronotum
at middle; sides parallel, or vaguely expanded posteriorly, angularly
separated at apices; surface nearly glabrous on basal half, sparsely
pubescent toward apical declivity, densely clothed with short, recum- |
bent, brownish hairs on apical declivity, densely, coarsely punctate on |
basal two-thirds, more shallowly punctate on apical declivity; humeral

|

.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 119.

callosity nearly impunctate; apical declivity with lateral submargins
very strongly elevated, especially toward apices, extending to outer
tubercles, acutely, angularly separated at sutural angles, the sutural
margins feebly, broadly elevated; each elytron with two obsolete, lon-
gitudinal costae, and three large, acute tubercles along anterior margin
of apical declivity, the tubercles spinose at apices, and outer one
shghtly arcuate.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, rather densely clothed
with moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with a few longer
hairs on last visible sternite, which is broadly rounded at apex.

Female—There are scarcely any external differences in the sexes.
The tubercles on the front of the head are usually larger in the female
than in the male, the front of the head is more densely pubescent, and
the pubescence is longer on the first antennal segment.

Length 4-6 mm., width 1.5-2 mm.

Type locality—Rioja Province, Argentine Republic; present loca-
tion of type unknown to writer.

Distribution.—This species is recorded in the literature from the
Argentine Republic, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Speci-
mens have been intercepted at Miami Beach, Fla., February 12, 1943, on
an aircraft arriving from Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic. So far
as known, it is not established in the United States.

Hosts —Nothing is recorded on the habits of this species.

Genus XYLOMEIRA Lesne

Xylomeira Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 475, 502-504; 1938, in

Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 55.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, truncate in front, with a small tooth on each side
at base of labrum ; labrum transverse, arcuately emarginate or truncate
and densely ciliate with long yellow hairs in front; mandibles more or
less attenuate toward apices; eyes very large, oval, globose, strongly
projecting. Antenna rather long, 10-segmented; first and second seg-
ments robust, first broad, flattened, clothed with long, yellow hairs,
second elongate, much shorter than first; third to seventh small, trans-
verse, gradually wider toward seventh, the segments united shorter
than first segment of club; last three segments forming a loose, com-
pressed club, densely clothed with short, erect hairs, each with two
more or less distinct sensory depressions on each surface, eighth and
ninth broadly oblong or oval, tenth narrowly oblong, longer than
ninth. Pronotum stongly convex, arcuately emarginate or truncate
in front, truncate at base, dentate anteriorly, not transversely de-
pressed behind anterior margin; sides not margined. Scutellum
rather large, triangular, subtruncate at apex. Elytra strongly convex,
each elytron with three costiform tubercles on anterior margin of
apical declivity, the tubercles obtuse at apices. Legs short, subequal
in length; tibiae expanded toward apices, longitudinally carinate,
dentate on exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex;
posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each
shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae con-
tiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of
abdomen lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—A pate torquata Fabricius. (Monobasic.)

120 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

XYLOMEIRA TORQUATA (Fabricius)

Apate torquata Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 382.

Xylomeira torquata Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent de France Ann. (1900) 69: 503-504, figs.
292-295 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 55.

?Apate tridens Fabricius (not Lesne 1901), 1792, Ent. System., v. 1, pt. 2, pp.
362-363 ; Herbst, 1793, Natursystem Insekten, Kifer, v. 5, p. 76; Fabricius, 1801,
eetome Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 881; Lesne, 1937, Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 42:
239.

Sinozylon floridanum Horn, 1885, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 12: 155; Schwarz, 1890,
Wash. Ent. Soe. Proc. 1: 177; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.

Xylobiops floridanus Lesne, 1901. Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 506,
513-514; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60.

popes sexztuberculata Gorham (not LeConte), 1898, Zool. Soc., London, Proc.,
p. 329.

Male.—Strongly shining, brownish black to reddish brown, the
reddish-brown specimens usually with apical declivity of elytra brown-
ish black; antennae, palpi, and usually legs brownish yellow.

Head moderately convex, vaguely, transversely depressed near occi-
put, sometimes with two vague tubercles on front, densely, finely gran-
ulose or punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish
hairs; clypeus flat, sparsely, finely punctate, sometimes vaguely de-
pressed at middle; clypeal suture vaguely indicated ; mandibles without
a distinct tooth near base on dorsal surface.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest near middle, arcuately
declivous along anterior margin; sides broadly rounded, more strongly
converging anteriorly, with a broad, erect tooth at apical angles;
posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with long,
fine, erect hairs along sides on anterior half, and with short, recum-
bent hairs on basal half, very finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate
at sides on basal half, rather densely covered with small, cuneiform
reliefs at middle on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical
half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike, with a
few larger teeth on each side toward apical angles, densely, finely
granulose along anterior margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
shghtly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices,
not tuberculate on underside of lateral margins; surface densely,
coarsely, deeply punctate, the punctures coarser on apical declivity,
and usually arranged in rows between tubercles, densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs on apical declivity; apical declivity
_ with lateral submargins moderately elevated and united with lateral
margins along declivity, then curving inward to near outer tubercles,
the sutural margins slightly elevated; each elytron with three long,
strongly elevated, costiform tubercles along anterior margin of apical
declivity, the tubercles obtusely rounded at apices.

Body beneath finely, densely punctate, rather densely clothed with
moderately long, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal
sternite broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of head broadly
flattened or concave, limited posteriorly by a transverse, arcuate eleva-
tion and with surface finely, sparsely punctate, the mandibles with
a distinct tooth near the base on the dorsal surface, the first segment
of the antenna with long, dense pubescence, the pronotum broadly

concave behind the anterior margin, densely granulose and densely

clothed with long, erect, yellowish hairs, the last visible abdominal]

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE PAg

sternite transversely depressed and deeply, arcuately emarginate on

each side of a median, bifid lobe, and the lateral margins of the elytra

tuberculate on the underside near the apices, with the tubercles fitting
into the emarginations on the last visible abdominal sternite.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1.2-1.5 mm. :

Type locality—Of torquata, “America meriodionali”; of tredens,
St. Thomas Island, West Indies; types in the Copenhagen Museum.
Of floridana, Florida; type in the Horn Collection in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—From material examined:

FitoripA: Biscayne, May 5; Key West, April; Lake Worth (Hubbard and
Schwarz, and F. Knab). Marathron, March 7-8, 1919 (E. A. Schwarz).
Paradise Key, February 5 to March 3 (H.S. Barber and T. E. Snyder).

Texas: Laredo, October 20, 1908 (Mitchell and Bishopp). Brownsville, May
(H. S. Barber, F. C. Craighead, Jones and Pratt, and C. Schaeffer).

Mexico: Cordoba, March 20 to May 17 (F. Knab).

WEstT INpDIEs: St. Croix, Tortola, Puerto Rico, Antigua, Jamaica, St. John, Mont-
serrat, Eleuthera, Dominican Republic, Martinique, and Mona Island.
Hosts.—This species has been reared from horsebean (Parkinsonia

aculeata, royal poinciana (Poinciana sp.), huisache (Acacia farnesi-

ana), and dead tamarind (7amarindus sp.).

Fabricius (1792) described tridens from St. Thomas Island and in
(1801) described torquata from America meridional. lLesne (1901)
on first information given to him on the type of Apate tridens Fabri-
cius (1792) associated it with TVetrapriocera longicornis Olivier
(1795), but the material before him proved to be the male of Apate
torquata Fabricius (1801), which was originally described from a
female specimen, upon which he erected his new genus Xylomeira.
Dr. Henrikson, of Copenhagen, at the request of Dr. Lesne, reex-
amined the type of tridens and reported that the characters of the
anterior part of the type were that of the male of Xy/lomeira. torquata,
while those of the posterior part resembled those of 7'etrapriocera
longicornis. Owing to this condition, Lesne thought it advisable to
abandon the name tridens for torquata, although the former had 9
years’ priority.

Horn (1885) described floridanum from a single female specimen,
but Belkin (1940) placed it as a synonym of torguata Fabricius.

Genus XYLOBIOPS Casey

Xylobiops Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 67; Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de
France Ann. (1900) 69: 476, 505-514, figs. 296-300; 1938, in Junk (pub.),
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, truncate in front, with a distinct tooth on each
side at base of labrum; labrum small, vaguely emarginate or sub-
truncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; mandibles
attenuate toward apices; eyes oval, globose, strongly projecting.
Antenna 10-segmented; first and second segments robust, first long,
arcuate, second one-third as long as first; third to seventh segments
short, compact, transverse except sometimes the third, united shorter
than first segment; last three segments forming a large, loose, com-
pressed club, each with two more or less distinct sensory depressions
on each surface, the eight subtriangular, ninth oblong, and tenth nar-
rowly elongate, longer than ninth. Pronotum strongly convex, arcu-

122 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ately emarginate or subtruncate in front, shallowly, arcuately emar-
ginate at base, dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind
anterior margin; sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate.
Elytra strongly convex, each elytron with three tubercles on anterior ~
margin of apical declivity, the tubercles subtriangular, and at least
one spinose at apex. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae slightly
expanded toward apices, each with a large, arcuate spine at apex,
anterior pair distinctly dentate on exterior margins; posterior tarsi as
long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter than
preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous. Mid-
dle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen lamel-
late. Body, elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype. A pate basilaris Say. (Present designation.)

Casey (1898) proposed Xylobiops for Apate basilaris (Say),
Sinoxylon texanum Horn, S. sextuberculatum LeConte, and 8S. flori-
danwm Horn, without selecting a genotype. Belkin” transferred
Sinoxylon floridanum to the genus X ylomeira as a synonym of torquata
Fabricius. This species was unknown to Lesne (1901), but he retained
it under Xylobiops without separating it from the other species in his
table.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XYLOBIOPS

1. Dorsal surface of elytra (except apical declivity) without distinct pubes-

cence, the yellow and black or brown areas conspicuously separated_-__ 2
Dorsal surface of elytra (except along base) with distinct pubescence, the
light and dark-brown areas not conspicuously separated____-_-_____-- 3

2. Inner two pairs of tubercles along anterior margins of apical declivity of

elytra acute or spinose at apices and coarsely punctured between tuber-

cles, the surface of declivity coarsely, evenly punctured in female, with a

few very coarse, deep punctures fin male;®front of head unarmed

bastlaris (Say), p. 122.

Inner two pairs of tubercles along anterior margins of apical declivity of

elytra not spinose at apices, and not coarsely punctured between tuber-

cles, the surface of declivity sparsely, finely, irregularly punctate in

female, nearly impunctate in male; front of head with two median

cGubercles in both:sexés?) i+) >. 22 ee oe parilis Lesne, p. 124.

3. Apical declivity of elytra sparsely, coarsely punctured; front of head usu-

ally with two median tubercles in both sexes_-__teranus (Horn), p. 125.

Apical declivity of elytra not, or very finely, punctured; front of head with
four to six small tubercles in female, unarmed in the male__

sextuberculatus (LeConte), p. 126.

XYLOBIOPS BASILARIS (Say)

Apate basilaris Say, 1824, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3: 321-322; 1859, Com-
plete Writings (LeConte ed.), v. 2, p. 181.

Apate basillaris Harris, 1841, Insects Injurious to Vegetation, p. 76; 1852, ed. 2,
p. 8; 1863, new ed., p. 92; 1890, Flint ed., p. 92; Packard, 1890, U. S. Ent. Commr.
lay Nea yas hoy 10 IRS)

Sinozylon basilare Horn, 1861, Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 1: 29; Riley, 1872, Noxious,
Beneficial, and Other Insects of Missouri, 4th Ann. Rpt., pp. 53-54, figs. 26-27;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 542; Schwarz, 1888, Insect Life 1: 162;
1890, Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 1: 177; Hopkins, 1893, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul.
32: 189; Lintner, 1896, N. Y. State Mus. Rpt. 49 (1895), p. 268; Blatchley,
1910, Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 888, fig. 349; Robinson, 1912, N. Y. Ent. Soe.
Jour. 20: 292.

Xylobiops basilaris Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soe. Jour. 6: 67; Lesne, 1901, Soc.
Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 506, 507-509, figs. 296, 297; Leonard, 1928,

BELKIN, J. N. NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE (COLEOPTERA). Ent.
News 51: 192, 1940.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 123

N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 101: 415; St. George, 1929, U. S. Dept.

Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1582, pp. 6-8, figs. 8-12 ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.) Coleopt.

Cat., pt. 161, p. 60; Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina, p. 197; Anderson,

1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9) : 391 (larvae) ; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51:

192.

Apate basalis Dejean, 1935, Cat. Coléopt., ed. 3, p. 309; 1936, ed. 3 rev., p. 334.
Apate humeralis Melsheimer, 1806, Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania, p. 129;
aya e 1853, Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of the United States,

p. 84.

Male.—Brownish black to dark reddish brown, with humeri or base of
elytra reddish; antennae, palpi, and tarsi brownish yellow, the clypeus
often slightly reddish.

Head slightly convex, without distinct median tubercles on front,
sometimes longitudinally grooved on front, densely, finely granulose,
with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs; clypeus vaguely convex,
densely, finely granulose, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, in-
conspicuous hairs; clypeal suture deeply depressed at middle, obsolete
on each side.

Pronotum quadrate or vaguely wider than long, widest along mid-
dle; sides vaguely rounded, or parallel along middle, more strongly
converging anteriorly, with a short, broad tooth near apical angles;
posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed with short,
recumbent and semierect inconspicuous hairs on basal half and median
part of apical half, and long, erect hairs toward lateral margins on
apical half, finely, densely scabrous, with numerous broad, semierect,
rasplke teeth on apical half.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface glabrous
on disk, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, brownish hairs on
apical declivity, coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate on basal two-
thirds; apical declivity with a few large, deep, foveolate punctures
on each side and between tubercles, smooth along sutural margins,
which are shghtly, broadly elevated, the lateral margins strongly ele-
vated; each elytron with two or three short, broadly rounded, smooth
costae at base, and with three costiform tubercles along anterior
margin of apical declivity, the tubercles rather short, and acute at
apices.

Abdomen beneath densely, finely granulose, indistinctly punctate,
rather densely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs, with a
few long, erect hairs on last visible sternite, which is broadly sub-
truncate at apex.

Female.—Difters from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite slightly longer, and feebly, narrowly emarginate at the apex,
and the punctures on the apical declivity of the elytra smaller, more
numerous, and distributed over nearly all of the surface.

Length 4-7 mm., width 1.5-2.5 mm.

Type locality —Otf basilaris, along the Ohio, Mississippi, and Ar-
kansas Rivers; since the type of baslaris is lost, the writer is desig-
nating a specimen in the United States National Museum, labeled
2 miles west of St. Louis, Mo., May 23, 1904, collected by W. V. Warner,
as the neotype. Of basalis, “Amérique Boréale”; location of type un-
known to writer. Of hwmeralis, Pennsylvania; type probably lost.

Distribution.—This common species is widely distributed over the
eastern half of the United States. Material has been examined from

124 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

many localities in Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mary-
land, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and has been recorded
in the literature from southeastern Canada.

Hosts—This species has been reared from oak (Quercus spp.), ash
(Fraxinus sp.), persimmon (Dospyros virginiana L.), mockernut
hickory (Hicoria alba (L.) Britton), red mulberry (Morus rubra
L.), dry bamboo (Phyllostachys sulphurea viridis Young), American
elm (Ulmus americana L.), peach (Amygdalus persicae L.), apple
(AMfalus sp.), honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), redbud (Cercis
canadensis L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), pecan (Hico-
ria pecan (Marshall) Britton), pear (Pyrus communis L.), prickly-
ash (Aralia spinosa L.), tamarack (Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch),
poison sumac (fhus vernia L.), grape (Vitis sp.), poison-ivy (Rhus
toxicodendron L.), English elm (Ulmus campestris L.), and blue gum
(ELucalyptus globulus Labill.). Sometimes the adults damage fin-
ished wooden articles.

XYLOBIOPS PARILIS Lesne

Xylobiops parilis Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 506, 510; 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.
Male.——Brownish black to dark reddish brown, with base of elytra

reddish or brownish yellow; antennae, palpi, anterior coxae, last visi-

ble abdominal sternite in part, and legs (except anterior tibiae)
brownish yellow.

Head shghtly convex, with two small, median tubercles on front,
sometimes with a longitudinal groove between tubercles, densely, finely
granulose on front, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput,
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs; clypeus
vaguely convex, sparsely, shallowly punctate or finely granulose,
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs; clypeal
suture deeply depressed at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum quadrate or shghtly wider than long, widest along mid-
dle; sides vaguely rounded or parallel along middle, more strongly
converging anteriorly; apical and posterior angles broadly rounded,
the former usually with a small tooth near margin; surface sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, with a few rather
long, semierect, arcuate hairs on apical half toward lateral margins,
smooth and indistinctly punctate at sides, finely, densely scabrous at
middle on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate at middle on apical
half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface glabrous
on disk, rather densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs
on apical declivity, coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate on basal
two-thirds, the punctures finer toward sides and base; apical declivity
finely, sparsely, indistinctly punctate, not coarsely punctate between
tubercles, the sutural margins slightly, broadly elevated, and lateral
margins strongly elevated; each elytron with three costiform tuber-
cles along anterior margin of apical declivity, the two inner tubercles
short and obtuse at apices, the outer one long, and usually spinose at
apex, and without distinct costae at base.

{
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lene

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE C. gts.

Abdomen beneath sparsely, indistinctly punctate, rather densely
clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs, the hairs longer on last
visible sternite, which is slightly longer than preceding sternite, and
broadly subtruncate at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the apical declivity of
the elytra more coarsely punctured, especially toward the sides, and
the last visible abdominal sternite twice as long as the preceding
sternite.

Length 3.75-5.5 mm., width 1.4-2 mm.

Type localities —Guanajuato, Mexico, and Lower California; types
in the Paris Museum. ‘*Mexico”; type was in the Berlin Museum.

Distribution —From material examined :

ARIZONA: Sabino Canyon, reared in large numbers from mesquite (Prosopis
julifiora (Swartz) de Candolle) (G. Hofer). Tucson, April 21, 1894, adults
boring in lemon twigs (J. W. Toumey ).

Hosts.—This species has been intercepted a number of times at
Nogales, Ariz., in dry bamboo canes from Mexico. It has been found
infesting bamboo (Arundinaria longifolia) from Mexico in storage at
Hoboken, N. J., during September 1944.

Lesne (1901) described parilis from three specimens, one in the
Berlin Museum labeled Mexique, and two females from Guanajuato,
Mexico, and Lower California, in the Paris Museum, but in his Cata-
logue (1938) only listed this species from Mexico.

XYLOBIOPS TEXANUS (Horn)

Sinorylon teranum Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proce. 17: 542, 548; Schwarz,
1888, Insect Life 1: 162; 1890, Ent Soe. Wash. Proce. 1: 177.

Xylobiops teranus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67; Lesne, 1901, Soe.
Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69 : 506-507, 511 ; 1988, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat.,
pt. 161, p. 60; Anderson, 1939, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29 (9) : 391, figs. 39, 43
(larvae) ; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.

Male.—Reddish brown, sometimes with the head, pronotum in part,
and apex of elytra darker; antennae, palpi, anterior coxae, last visible
abdominal sternite, and legs (except anterior tibiae) brownish yellow.

Head slightly convex, usually with two small, median tubercles on
front, densely, finely granulose, with a few larger granules inter-
mixed on front, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput,
sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, with a few
longer, erect hairs intermixed; clypeus nearly flat, densely, shallowly
punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs;
clypeal suture deeply depressed at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum quadrate or slightly wider than long, widest along mid-
dle; sides vaguely rounded or parallel along middle, more strongly
converging anteriorly; apical and posterior angles broadly rounded;
surface sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs,
with numerous long, erect hairs on apical half toward lateral margins,
sparsely, indistinctly punctate at sides, finely, densely granulose on
median part of basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half,
the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface densely
clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs, except sometimes at base,
rather densely, coarsely, irregularly, shallowly punctate on disk; apical

126 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

declivity sparsely, deeply, coarsely, irregularly punctate, the sutural ”
margins slightly, broadly elevated, and lateral margins strongly ele-
vated; each elytron with vaguely indicated costae at base, and with ©
three costiform tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity, |,
the tubercles (except sometimes the sutural one) spinose at apices.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely, indistinctly granulose or punctate,
sparsely clothed with rather long, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible
sternite slightly longer than preceding sternite, and broadly rounded
at apex.

VG ey otine from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite twice as long as the preceding sternite, and the apical declivity
of the elytra not so deeply depressed.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1-1.9 mm. mr

Type locality—Southwestern Texas; type in the Horn Collection in
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Distribution.—From material examined:

Texas: Specimens of this species have been collected at many localities in the }

State by various collectors.
Mexico: Victoria, collected on dead fig twig by E. A. Schwarz.

This species has been intercepted at Nogales, Ariz., in mesquite from
Santa Ana, Sonora, Mexico. Schwarz (1888) reported finding adults
near Washington, D. C.

/Losts.—This species has been reared from mesquite (Prosopis juli-
flora (Swartz) de Condolle), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willde-
now), huajillo (Pithecolobium brevifolium Bentham), and horsebean
(Parkinsonia aculeata L.). H. J. Reinhard reported it infesting
nursery stock at College Station, Tex., during May 1939.

XYLOBIOPS SEXTUBERCULATUS (LeConte)

Sinoxrylon sextuberculatum LeConte, 1858, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 10: 73-74;
Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 17: 542, 548.

Xylopertha sertuberculatum Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt.
2, p. 216; 1886, sup. p. 353.

Xylobiops sextuberculatus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67; Lesne, 1901,
Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 507, 512-518, figs. 299, 300; 1938, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.
Male.—Brownish or reddish black; elytra reddish brown, sometimes

paler at base; antennae, palpi, and legs (except anterior tibiae) brown-

ish yellow.

Head slightly convex, unarmed and densely, finely granulose on
front, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput, sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, with a few long,
erect’ hairs intermixed; clypeus vaguely convex, densely, shallowly
punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs;
clypeal suture deeply depressed at middle, obsolete at sides.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest along middle; sides
nearly parallel or vaguely rounded along middle, more strongly con-
verging anteriorly; apical and posterior angles broadly rounded; sur-
face sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicuous hairs, with
a few long, erect hairs on apical half toward lateral margins, finely,
sparsely, indistinctly punctate at sides, densely, finely scabrous at
middle on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the
teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 127

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along middle; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; surface densely
clothed with short, recumbent, brownish hairs, except at base, densely,
rather coarsely, shallowly punctate on disk; apical declivity impunc-
tate or very finely punctate, the sutural margins slightly, broadly ele-
vated, and lateral margins very strongly elevated; each elytron with
three more or less distinct, longitudinal costae, and with three costi-
form tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity, the tubercles
long, and spinose at apices. |

Abdomen beneath finely, densely granulose or punctate, densely
clothed with rather long, recumbent, whitish hairs; last visible sternite
twice as long as preceding sternite, and broadly rounded or subtruncate
at apex.

Female—Differs from the male in having four to six distinct tuber-
cles on the front of the head, and the last visible abdominal sternite as
long as the preceding two sternites united, transversely, arcuately car-
inate at the middle, and produced into a lobe, which is obtusely rounded
at the apex.

Length 3-5 mm., width 1.4-1.75 mm.

Type locality—Colorado Desert, Calif.; type in the LeConte Col-
lection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Distribution.—F rom material examined :

ARIZONA: Santa Rita Mountains, May and June (Hubbard and Schwarz, and
M. Chrisman). Catalina Springs, April (Hubbard and Schwarz). Hot Springs
(Barber and Schwarz). Sabino Canyon (G. Hofer). Redington (M. Chris-
man). ‘Tucson Mountains, March 9, 1937 (G. P. Englehardt). Tucson, July
(Hubbard and Schwarz, J. L. Webb, and H. F. Wickham).

This species has been also recorded in the literature from Cali-
fornia, Lower California, and Mexico.

Host.—This species has been reared a number of times from various
localities in Arizona from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) de
Candolle).

LeConte (1858) reported sextuberculatus as being abundant in the
Colorado Desert, Calif.

Genus DENDROBIELLA Casey

Dendrobiella Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 66, 67-68, Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent.
de France Ann. (1900) 69: 475, 489-497, figs. 271-284; 1933, C. R. Congr. Soe.
Savantes de Paris, p. 237, f. (publication not available) ; 1938, in Junk (pub.),
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 55-56.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, truncate in front, with a small tooth on each side
at base of labrum; labrum short, transverse, truncate and densely
ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; mandibles dissimilar, right
mandible attenuate toward apex, left mandible toothed on inner
margin, more strongly in female; eyes very large, oval, globose, strong-
ly projecting. Antenna short, 10-segmented; first and second seg-
ments robust, first flattened and arcuate beneath, second elongate,
much shorter than first; third to seventh segments small, transverse,
compact, united shorter than first; last three segments forming a large,
loose, compressed club, densely clothed with short, recumbent hairs,
each with two rows of small, round, sensory depressions on each sur-
face, the eighth subtriangular or securiform, ninth broadly oblong, and

128 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

tenth narrowly elongate, narrower and longer than ninth. Pronotum
strongly convex, truncate or emarginate in front, truncate at base,
dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed }ehind anterior margin,
sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadiate. Elytra strongly
convex, each elytron bituberculate along anterior margin of apical
declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae expanded toward
apices, dentate on exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine
at apex; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical seg-
ment of each shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior
coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal
process of abdomen lamellate. Body rather short, cylindrical.

Genotype.—Sinoxylon asperum LeConte. (Present designation.)

Casey (1898) erected this genus for four species, sericans (a mis-
identification for aspera LeConte), guadrispinosa LeConte (now in
AXyloblaptus Lesne), pubescens, and sublaevis, new species, without
designating a genotype.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DENDROBIELLA

Elytra coarsely punctate over entire dorsal surface, the punctures coarse and
deep near apicalidechivity. <_. 2=2>-__. Sea aspera (Le Conte), p. 128.
Elytra not coarsely punctate over entire dorsal surface, the punctures be-
coming obsolete toward apical declivity, pubescence denser than in
OSPCiG 2 Ne ee eee Ls ep sericans (LeConte), p. 129.

DENDROBIELLA ASPERA (LeConte)

Sinorylon asperum LeConte, 1858, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 10: 73.
Dendrobiella aspera Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 492, 496—

497, figs. 274-275, 282-288, 284; 1933, C. R. Congr. Soc. Savantes de Paris, p.

239, fig. 1 (publication not available) ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt.

161, pp. 55-56 ; Belkin, 1940, Ent. News 51: 192.

Sinozylon sericans Horn, 1878 (not LeConte), Amer. Phil. Soc. Proce. 17: 542.
Dendrobiella sericans Casey, 1898 (not LeConte), N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67.

Male-—Brownish black to dark reddish brown, the antennae, palpi,
legs (except anterior tibiae) reddish or yellowish brown.

Head moderately convex, shghtly depressed at middle behind eyes,
with two small, more or less distinct tubercles on front, densely,
coarsely granulose, rather sparsely clothed with long, recumbent and
erect, inconspicuous hairs; clypeus longitudinally grooved at middle,
finely, sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent,
whitish hairs; clypeal suture usually obsolete; first segment of an-
tennal club usually securiform, with the outer apical angle projecting
outward.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle, sides nearly
parallel along basal half, arcuately converging anteriorly ; anterior and
posterior angles broadly rounded; surface sparsely clothed at sides
with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, the hairs very fine and incon-
spicuous on disk, shorter and more erect at middle on apical half,
very finely, obsoletely punctate at sides on basal half, coarsely, imbri-
cate-punctate at middle on basal half, rather densely, irregularly den-
tate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and
rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
surface rather densely clothed with short, recumbent, more or less

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 129

distinct, arcuate, yellowish hairs, sparsely, finely punctate at sides,
coarsely, deeply, densely punctate on disk, impunctate on apical de-
clivity, apical declivity with lateral submargins slightly elevated,
united with lateral margins, obtusely rounded on top, and curving
inward to near exterior tubercles at anterior margin; sutural margins
not distinctly elevated ; each elytron with two costiform tubercles along
anterior margin of apical declivity, the tubercles obtusely rounded at
apices.

nee beneath densely, finely punctate, densely clothed with
short, recumbent, whitish hairs, with a few long, erect hairs inter-
mixed on last visible sternite, which is broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of the head
flattened or concave, glabrous, shining, finely and sparsely punctate,
with two small, distinct tubercles at the middle behind the eyes, the
clypeal suture distinct and sulciform, the clypeus strongly convex, the
left mandible more strongly toothed on inner margin near apex, and
the last visible abdominal sternite thickened at the apex.

Length 5-7.5 mm., width 2.5-3 mm.

Type locality—Colorado Desert, at New River, Calif., type in the
LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass.

Distribution.—From large series of specimens examined from many
localities in Arizona, California, and Purissima, Lower California.

Hosts.—This species has been reared from paloverde ('Cercidium
torreyanum (Watson) Sargent), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora
(Swartz) de Candolle), and tamarisk (Zamarix gallica Linnaeus).

In a series of specimens there are very few constant characters for
separating aspera and sericans. ‘The first segment of the antennal
club is variable in shape, and cannot be depended on entirely for sepa-
rating the two species, as are also the markings on the front of the head.
In sericans the punctures on the elytra are not quite so coarse, and are
finer and obsolete toward the apical declivity, and the pubescence is
more conspicuous and longer. Both species have about the same food
habits, and may represent but one slightly variable species.

DENDROBIELLA SERICANS (LeConte)

Sinozylon sericans LeConte, 1858, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 10: 738.
Xylopertha sericans Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, pp.

215-216, pl. 10, fig. 21 : 1886, sup., p. 353.

Dendrobiella sericans Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 491-492,

494-495, figs. 271, 280-281 ; 1933, C. R. Congr. Soc. Savantes de Paris, p. 238, fig.

8 (publication not available) ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 56;

cea 1939, Wash. Acad. Nat. Sci. Jour. 29 (9): 391, figs. 35, 40-41, 4445

arvae).
nee pubescens Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67, 68; Belkin, 1940,

Ent. News 51: 192.

Male.—Dark reddish brown, base of elytra and legs usually more red-
dish ; antennae, palpi, and tarsi, brownish yellow.

Head moderately convex, slightly depressed at middle behind eyes,
with two small tubercles concealed by the pubescence on front, these
tubercles sometimes obsolete, densely, coarsely granulose, densely
clothed with long, erect and recumbent, yellowish hairs on front; cly-
peus sometimes longitudinally grooved at middle, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs; clypeal

842409—50—_9

130 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

suture usually not distinct; first segment of antennal club subtrian-
gular, with the outer apical angle not projecting outward.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle; sides nearly
parallel along basal half, arcuately converging anteriorly; anterior
and posterior angles broadly rounded; surface densely, irregularly
clothed with long, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are shorter and
more or less erect on anterior declivity, finely, densely punctate at
sides on basal half, coarsely imbricate-punctate at middle on basal
half, granulose and irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad,
semierect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
surface densely clothed with short, recumbent, more or less arcuate, —
yellowish hairs, coarsely, sparsely, irregularly, shallowly punctate —
on basal half, finely, obsoletely punctate on apical declivity; apical —
declivity with lateral submargins slightly elevated and united with
lateral margins, obtusely rounded on top, and curving inward to near
exterior tubercles, sutural margins not distinctly elevated; each ely-
tron with two long, costiform tubercles along anterior margin of
apical declivity, the tubercles obtusely rounded at apices.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with ©
long, semierect and recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite
broadly rounded at apex. /

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of the head |
flattened or concave, glabrous, strongly shining, finely and sparsely ©
punctate, and with two small, distinct tubercles at the middle behind —
the eyes, the clypeal suture distinct and sulciform, the left mandible |
more strongly toothed on the inner margin near the apex, and the last —
visible abdominal sternite thickened at the apex.

Length 5-7 mm., width 2-2.5 mm. /

Type locality.—Of sericans, Ringgold Barracks, Tex.; type in the ©
LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- —
bridge, Mass. Of pubescens, Brownsville, Tex.; type in the Casey —
Collection in the United States National Museum. |

Distribution.—From material examined: |
Texas: Brownsville, May 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber); June to August (Charles —

Schaeffer ).

Mexico: Nuevo Laredo, Tuxtepec, and Rosario.
GUATEMALA: El Rancho.

Hosts.—This species has been reared from horsebean (Parkinsonia
aculeata Linnaeus), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (Linnaeus) Willde-
now), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) de Candolle), royal poin-
cane yioien regia (Rafinesque) Bojer), and chinaberry (Sapin-

Us SPp.).

Casey (1898) described pubescens from representatives of both
sexes, from material collected at Brownsville, Tex. Lesne (1901)
placed pubescens as a synonym of sericans LeConte.

Genus XYLOBLAPTUS Lesne |

Xyloblaptus Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 476, 514-516, figs.
301-302; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60; 1939, Rev. Frane¢
d’Ent. 6: 118-128.
Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus |

strongly transverse, with a tooth on each side at base of labrum; la-

a SSS OE ———————— ————————e—eeeeee——=—=S=SeS——E—— EE

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 131]

brum transverse, subtruncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow-
ish hairs in front; marfdibles broad, more or less attenuate toward
apices; eyes large, oval, globose, strongly projecting. Antenna mod-
erately long, 10-segmented; first and second segments robust, first
elongate, arcuate, slightly flattened on underside, second quadrate or
oval, much shorter than first; third to seventh segments short, trans-
verse, compact, united shorter than first segment; last three seg-
ments forming a large, loose, compressed club, the segments densely
clothed with short, erect hairs, each with two round sensory depres-
sions on each surface, eighth and ninth segments oval, subequal in
length to each other, tenth elongate, longer and narrower than ninth.
Pronotum strongly convex, truncate in front, broadly, arcuately emar-
ginate at base, dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind
anterior margin; sides not margined. Scutellum small, quadrate.
Klytra strongly convex, sutural margins scarcely elevated on apical
declivity; each elytron with two tubercles along anterior margin of
apical declivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae flattened,
shghtly expanded toward apices, dentate on exterior margins, each
with a moderately long, slightly arcuate spine at apex; tarsi slender,
posterior pair as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment of each
shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contigu-
ous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdo-
men lamellate. Last visible abdominal sternite long. Body short,
eylindrical.
— Genotype —Sinoxylon quadrispinosum LeConte. (Monobasic.)
The females of this genus have a bunch of very long hairs extend-
ing backward from each side of the last visible abdominal sternite.
These hairs are attached on the inside of the sternite at the lateral
margins.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XYLOBLAPTUS

Tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity of elytra spiniform at apices
prosopidis, new species, p. 181.

Tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity of elytra mamilliform, rarely
acute, but not spinose at apices____________ quadrispinosus (Le Conte), p. 182.

XYLOBLAPTUS PROSOPIDIS, new species

Male.—Brownish black to dark reddish brown, with basal half of

pronotum and elytra reddish or brownish yellow; underside of body
reddish brown, the antennae, palpi, and legs (except sometimes ante-
rior tibiae), brownish yellow.
Head slightly convex, with two small, obsolete, median tubercles on
front, and a small smooth space behind the tubercles, sparsely, finely
punctate on front and clypeus, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae
on occiput, sparsely clothed with rather long, erect and recumbent,
white hairs; clypeus vaguely depressed at middle along posterior mar-
gin; clypeal suture distinct.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest along middle; sides
nearly parallel at middle, broadly rounded posteriorly and anteriorly,
with a small, broad tooth at apical angles; surface sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent and erect, inconspicuous hairs, which are more
numerous on apical part, indistinctly punctate on basal half, with a
few inconspicuous, cuneiform punctures on median part, rather
densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect,
variable in size, and rasplike, ‘with two or three larger teeth on each
side near apical angles.

132 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum along middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
surface rather densely clothed posteriorly with short, recumbent,
whitish and brownish hairs, nearly glabrous on basal third, coarsely,
densely, irregularly punctate on basal two-thirds, very finely, indis-
tinctly punctate on apical declivity; sutural and lateral margins
slightly elevated on apical declivity; each elytron with two large tu-
bercles along anterior margin of apical declivity, the tubercles spini-
form at apices.

Abdomen beneath finely, indistinctly granulose, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, white hairs, with a few long, erect hairs on last
visible sternite, which is broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of the head
more coarsely punctate, densely clothed with long, erect hairs, and
with two distinct tubercles at the middle, and the last visible abdomi-
nal sternite about as long as the preceding sternites united, opaque,
densely granulose, with a very deep emargination, which extends
nearly to the base of the sternite.

Length 3.5-4.5 mm., width 1.4-1.6 mm.

Type locality.—Yermo, Calif.

Type, allotype, and paratypes.—In the United States National Mu-
seum, No. 58318.

Described from four specimens (one male type) collected at the
type locality, November 27, 1937, from mesquite (Prosopis sp.) by
P. C. Ting.

XYLOBLAPTUS QUADRISPINOSUS (LeConte)

Sinozylon quadrispinosus LeConte, 1866, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect. 167: 100;

Horn, 1878, Amer. Phil. Soe. Proc. 17 : 542, 5438.
ae ti quadrispinosus Gorham, 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2,
Dendrobiella quadrispinosus Casey, 1898, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 6: 67.
Xyloblaptus quadrispinosus Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69:

514-516, figs. 301-302; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 60; 1939,

Rev. Franc d’ Ent. 6: 118.

Male.—Head brownish black; pronotum and elytra reddish brown,
the anterior part of pronotum slightly darker, and basal half of elytra
brownish yellow; underside of body reddish brown, except antennae,
palpi, legs (except sometimes anterior tibiae), and abdomen in part,
brownish yellow.

Head slightly convex, with two small, obsolete, median tubercles on
front, usually with a smooth spot behind tubercles, sparsely, finely
punctate on front and clypeus, with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae
on occiput, sparsely clothed with long, erect and recumbent, white
hairs; clypeus longitudinally grooved at middle, broadly depressed
at middle along posterior margin; clypeal suture distinct.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest along middle; sides —

nearly parallel at middle, broadly rounded posteriorly and anteriorly,
with a small, broad tooth at apical angles; surface sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent and erect, inconspicuous hairs, which are more
numerous on apical part, indistinctly punctate at sides on basal half,
very finely, sparsely, cuneate-punctate on medial part of basal half,

irregularly, densely dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, ~

variable in size, and rasplike, with two or three larger teeth on each
side near apical angle.

ee eee

ee ree

OO eS EEE aa———Vv_V—_—Vv_—V—_—"_ lh

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE foo

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum along middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
surface rather densely clothed posteriorly with short, recumbent,
white hairs, nearly glabrous on basal half, coarsely, densely, irreg-
ularly punctate on basal two-thirds, very sparsely, indistinctly punc-
tate on apical declivity; sutural and lateral margins slightly elevated
on apical declivity ; each elytron with two large, mamilliform tubercles
along anterior margin of apical declivity, the tubercles sometimes
acute at apices but not spiniform.

Abdomen beneath densely, indistinctly granulose, sparsely clothed
with short, recumbent, white hairs; last visible sternite broadly
rounded or subtruncate at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having two small, distinct tuber-
cles on the front of the head, the first four visible abdominal sternites
narrower at the middle than at the sides, and the last visible abdominal
sternite longer than the preceding sternites united, opaque, densely
granulose and glabrous, and with a very deep, median emargination
which extends nearly to the base of the sternite.

Length 2.75—-4 mm., width 1.2-1.6 mm.

Type locality—Cape San Lucas, Lower California; types in the
LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
_ bridge, Mass.

Distribution —From material examined:

ARIZONA: Catalina Springs, April 12-15, Oracle, June 30 (Hubbard and Schwarz).

Hot Springs (H. 8. Barber and HE. A. Schwarz). Sabino Canyon, March 9, 1917 -

(G. Hofer). Redington and Santa Catalina Mountains (M. Chrisman).
CALIFORNIA: Palm Springs, July 11, 1932 (Blackwelder Collection).

LOWER CALIFORNIA: Purissima, October 23 (W. M. Mann).

_ New Mexico: Las Cruces, November 138, 1893 (T. D. A. Cockerell).

_ Texas: Uvalde (W. F. Fiske).

_ Hosts.——This species has been reared from paloverde (Cercidiwm

torreyanum (Watson) Sargent), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora

(Swartz) de Candolle), and catclaw (Acacia greggii Gray).

_ LeConte described this species from two specimens collected by
Xantus.

Genus XYLION Lesne

_ Xylion Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 478, 542-564; 1924,
Bostrychides de l'Afrique Tropicale Frangaise, pp. 209, 229-2388 ; 1988, in Junk
(pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, pp. 63-64.
Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above, convex
_ or feebly, transversely depressed between eyes; clypeus strongly trans-
verse, sinuate in front; labrum transverse, subtruncate and densely
_ ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front; mandibles attenuate toward
apices; eyes large, oblong, strony projecting. Antennae 10-seg-
- mented; first and second segments robust, first oblong, shghtly arcuate,
_ subequal in length to second; third to seventh segments short, com-
pact, transverse (except third), united shorter than first segment of
club; last three segments forming a large, loose, compressed club,
densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, each with
small, indistinct, sensory depressions on each surface, the eighth sub-
triangular, ninth round, and tenth oblong, narrower than ninth.
Pronotum strongly convex, truncate, or vaguely emarginate at base
and apex, dentate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind an-

134 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

terior margin; sides with a more or less distinct margin near posterior
angles. Scutellum small, quadrate or slightly elongate. Elytra
strongly convex, with distinct, irregular tubercles or processes at
apical declivity, and lateral margins deeply, irregularly emarginate
near apices in both sexes. Legs rather long, subequal in length; tibiae
slightly expanded toward apices, each with a moderately long, arcuate
spine at apex, anterior pair finely dentate on exterior margins; pos-
terior tarsi much longer than tibiae, apical segment of each shorter
than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae contiguous.
Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of abdomen
lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—X ylion securifer Lesne. (Present designation.)

Lesne (1901) erected Xylion for nine species from Africa and
Australia, without designating a genotype.

XYLION SECURIFER Lesne

Xylion securifer Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 546, 554-555,
figs. 365, 366; 1924, Bostrychides de ]’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 231, 232,
237, figs. 165-167 ; 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 64.
Male.—Strongly shining, brownish yellow, with apical declivity of

elytra reddish brown.

Head slightly, transversely flattened between eyes; front deflexed
along anterior margin, glabrous, coarsely, sparsely punctate; occiput
finely, irregularly rugose; clypeus flat, coarsely, shallowly punctate,
the anterior margin with a short median lobe, which is feebly, arcu-
ately emarginate; clypeal suture biarcuate, not very distinct.

Pronotum quadrate, widest along middle, slightly triangularly de-
pressed at middle behind anterior margin; sides parallel or vaguely
rounded at middle, broadly rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, with
a broad, slightly arcuate tooth at apical angles, slightly margined near
posterior angles but not along base; posterior angles broadly rounded ;
surface glabrous, sparsely, very finely, indistinctly punctate at sides
on basal half, indistinctly imbricate-punctate on median part of basal
half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semi-
erect, variable in size, and rasplike.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides
shghtly expanded posteriorly; surface glabrous, very finely, rather
densely punctate on basal two-thirds, coarsely, irregularly punctate on
apical declivity; sutural margins distinctly elevated on apical decliv-
ity, the margins expanded toward apical angles where they are con-
jointly narrowly emarginate; lateral margins deeply, narrowly,
emarginate on each side below exterior process on apical declivity,
then broadly subtruncate near apices; apical declivity obliquely de-
flexed, each elytron with a large, broad, arcuate, lateral process, which
extends beyond tip of elytron, subtruncate at apex, nearly touching
process of opposite elytron, and with three costiform tubercles along
anterior margin of declivity, the middle tubercle arcuate, much longer
than other tubercles, and acute at apex.

Abdomen beneath indistinctly punctate, sparsely clothed with a few
short, recumbent, white hairs; last visible sternite normal, short, sub-
truncate at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the sutural margins on
apical declivity of the elytra more conjointly broadly emarginate at

— ee eee es ——e

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 135

the apical angles, the lateral process on the apical declivity short and
not extending to the tip of the elytron, the middle tubercle at anterior
margin of the apical declivity short and not acute at the apex, the
lateral margins of the elytra with a deep, oblong emargination in front
of the lateral process, and a deep emargination beneath the process,
shallowly emarginate near the apex, which is strongly elevated, and
the first visible abdominal sternite short at middle and the other
sternites very abnormal in shape.

Length 3-4.5 mm., width 1-1.3 mm.

Type locality—Northern Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Kamerun;
location of types unknown to writer, but some are probably in the
Paris Museum.

Distribution.—Specimens have been intercepted a number of times
at New York and Baltimore under the bark of mahogany logs from
the Gold Coast, Africa. Nothing has been recorded on the habits of
this species. So far as known, this species has not become established
in the United States.

Lesne (1901) described securifer from five males and three females
collected along the Guinea coast from Sierra Leone to Kamerun, with-
out designating any of the places as the type locality.

Genus X YLOTHRIPS Lesne

Xylothrips Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 479, 620-626;
Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 804, 806 ; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.),
Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 67.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, arcuately emarginate in front; labrum transverse,
broadly rounded or subtruncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow
hairs in front; mandibles attenuate toward apices; eyes large, oblong,
strongly projecting. Antenna 10-segmented; first and second seg-
ments robust, first slightly arcuate, elongate, second slightly shorter
than first ; third to seventh segments short, compact, transverse, united
shorter than first segment of club; last three segments forming a large,
loose, compressed club, densely clothed with very short, yellow hairs,
each with indistinct, elongate sensory depressions on each surface, the
eighth and ninth segments oblong-rectangular, subequal in length to
each other, tenth elongate, longer and narrower than ninth. Pronotum
strongly convex, arcuately emarginate in front, truncate at base, den-
tate anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin;
sides margined along basal half, the margin extending along base
for a short distance. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra strongly
convex, with costiform tubercles along anterior margins of apical de-
clivity. Legs short, subequal in length; tibiae shghtly expanded to-
ward apices, slightly dentate on exterior margins, each with a large,
arcuate spine at apex, anterior pair longitudinally carinate on exterior
surface ; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical segment
of each shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior coxae
contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal process of
abdomen lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype—A pate flavipes Uliger. (Present designation.)

Lesne erected Xylothrips for two species, A pate flavipes Illiger and
A pate religiosus Boisduval, without designating a genotype.

1386 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XYLOTHRIPS

Lateral submargins of elytra at anterior margins of apical declivity extending
to lateral margin; lateral margins of elytra sinuate near sutural angles;
tooth at apical angles of pronotum long and strongly curved; front of head
of male without erect hairs, except for a few on each side near the eye

flavipes (Illiger), p. 136..-

Lateral submargins of elytra at anterior margins of apical declivity not
extending to lateral margins; lateral margins of elytra not sinuate near
sutural angles; tooth at apical angles of pronotum short and slightly curved;
front of head of male with a transverse tuft of dense, moderately long, erect
hairs on each side near the eye_-_-_--------- religiosus (Boisduval), p. 138.

XYLOTHRIPS FLAVIPES (Illiger)

Apate flavipes Illiger, 1801, Mag. f. Insektenkunde 1 (1-2) : 171-172.

Xylothrips flavipes Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 621-623,
figs. 256-257, 474; 1904, Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, Ent. Div. 3: 106; Jakobson,
1918, Kafer Russland, pt. 10, p. 806; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp.
151-152, fig. 99; Lesne, 1926, Treubia 7: 119; Froggatt, 1927, Forest Insects and
Timber Borers, pp. 18, 101, pl. 3, figs. 1-7; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent.
Ser. 18 (9) : 16-17, pl. 4, figs 58-54; Miller, 1934, Straits Settlements and Fed.
Malay States, Dept. Agr. Sci. Ser. No. 14, pp. 1, 2, 26, pl. 1, fig. 1; Beeson and
Bhatia. 1937, Indian Forest Rec., New Ser., Ent. 2: 226, 230, 306-820, figs.
18-19, pl. 3, fig. b; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 67.

Apate sinuata Stephens (not Fabricius), 1830, Illus. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata,
ve ae a pl. 19, fig. 6; Spry and Shuckard, 1840, British Coleoptera, p. 44,

Bawathus mutilatus Walker, 1858, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 3), 2: 286;
Waterhouse, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6), 1: 349.

Apate religiosae Fairmaire, 1850, Rev. and Mag. Zool. (ser. 2) 2: 50 (part).

Apate dominica Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 380.

Xylopertha dominicana Chevrolat, 1861, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 4) 1:
392, Lesne, 1895, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. 64: Bul., p. CLXXVIII; 1897, Soc.
Ent. de Belg. Ann. 41: 19.

Xylothrips dominicanus Lesne, 1901, Soe. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 621.
The bibliography given for this species is not complete, as only the

more important articles are cited.

Male.—Strongly shining, brownish black, usually reddish on basal
half of pronotum and elytra, sometimes entirely reddish; antennae,
palpi, and body beneath brownish yellow.

Head slightly convex, sparsely, finely punctate and indistinctly
pubescent on front, with a few long, erect hairs near eyes, densely,
finely granulose and with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput;
clypeus triangularly depressed at middle along anterior margin,
smooth and impunctate along posterior margin, sparsely punctate
along anterior margin, densely, finely punctate and densely clothed
with short, erect hairs on median part; clypeal suture distinct, bi-
arcuate, deeply depressed at middle.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest at basal third; sides
broadly rounded posteriorly, strongly converging anteriorly, with a
large, unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles rectangular ;
lateral margins sinuate near base; surface glabrous, smooth and indis-
tinctly punctate at sides and on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate
on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasp-
like, with four or five larger teeth on each side toward lateral margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, the margins
sinuate, slightly thickened and elevated at sutural angles; surface
glabrous, sparsely, finely punctate on disk, more coarsely punctate on

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 137

apical declivity, apical declivity with sutural margins slightly, uni-
formly elevated, the lateral submargins joined to lateral margins at
anterior margin of declivity; each elytron with three more or less
distinct costiform tubercles along anterior margin of apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite vaguely emar-
ginate at apex, with narrow, smooth lateral pieces.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of the head
and clypeus densely clothed with long and erect hairs, and the last
visible abdominal sternite distinctly emarginate at the apex, with the
lateral pieces smaller and pubescent.

Length 6-8.5 mm., width 2.5-3 mm.

Type locality —Of flavipes, Africa; type was in the Zoological Mu-
seum at Berlin. Of sinuata, England; type in the British Museum.
Of dominicana, East Indies; location of type unknown to writer. Of
mutilatus, Ceylon; type either in the British Museum or the Hope
Museum at Oxford.

Distribution.—This species is widely distributed throughout India,
Indo-China, Madagascar and neighboring islands, and in the Indo-
Malaysian region, west of the channel separating Ceram from New
Guinea. It has been recorded in the literature from India, Ceylon,
Indo-China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Formosa, Sumatra, Java, Bor-
neo, Celebes, Philippines, Amboine, Arou Islands, Ceram, Nicobar
Islands, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Reunion or Bourbon
Islands, and Mauritius. Adults of this species have been found in
wood in England, Natal, Arabia, and Zanzibar imported from the
Malaysian region. This species has been intercepted at Los Angeles
and San Francisco, Calif., and Seattle, Wash., in Philippine mahog-
any from the Philippines, and at Boston, Mass., in wooden cases from
meant So far as known, this species is not established in the United

tates.

Hosts.——Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded this species attacking
the following plants: Albizzia odoratissima, Anacardium occidentale,
Bombazx malabaricum, Butea frondosa, Canarium strictum, Diptero-
carpus turbinatus, Eugenia jambolana, Ficus glomerata, F. religiosa,
Hevea sp., Hopea odorata, H. parviflora, Lannea grandis, Machilus
odoratissima, Mallotus philippinensis, Mangifera indica, Myristica
longifolia, Parishia insignis, Phyllanthus emblica, Poinciana elata,
@uercus sp., Shorea robusta, Terminalia bialata, T. myriocarpa, T.
paniculata, T. tomentosa, Theobroma cacao, Vateria indica, V. lan-
ceaefolia, Vitis vinifera, and Pterocarpus indicus. Miller (1934) re-
corded it from candlenut (Aleurites triloba Forst.). Froggatt (1927)
stated that although not a native of Australia, it is very common in
the seasoned sapwood of Pacific maple (Shorea sp.), a timber imported
in large quantities from the Philippines.

Stephens (1830) described stnwata from a specimen taken beneath
the bark of a tree in Epping Forest, England, probably previously
introduced in timber from the Orient. Lesne (1901) placed domzni-
canus Fabricius, sinuatus Stephens, religiosae Fairmaire (part), and
mutilatus Walker as synonyms of flavipes Llliger. Both flavipes U-
liger and dominicanus Fabricius were described in the same year, but
Lesne (1901, p. 621) points out that the preface to parts 1 and 2 of
the Illiger Magazine is dated March 1801, whereas the first volume of
Systema Eleutheratorum is dated April 10, 1801.

138 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

XYLOTHRIPS RELIGIOSUS (Boisduval)

Apate religiosa Boisduval, 1835, Voyage de l’Astrolabe, pt. 2, pp. 460-461; Fair- -
maire, 1850, Rev. and Mag. Zool. (ser. 2) 2:50 (part).

Le religiosa MacLeay, 1886, Linn. Soe. N. S. Wales Proc. (ser. 2) 1:

Xylopertha religiosa Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64: Bul. p. CLXXVII.

Xylothrips religiosus Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 621,

624-626, figs. 473, 475-477 ; Froggatt, 1927, Forest Insects and Timber Borers, p.

102, pl. 30, figs. 3, 8; Chiijo, 1936, Formosa Nat. Hist. Soc. Trans. 26: 409; Lesne,

in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 67; Lever, 1945, Bul. Ent. Res. 35 (4)

373, 375, 376.

Apate destructor Montrouzier, 1855, Lyon Soc. Agr. Ann. (ser. 2), 7 (1): 55.

Apate lifuana Montrouzier, 1861, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 4) 1: 267.

Xylopertha lifuana Redtenbacher, 1867, Reise der Novara, v. 2, p. 114; Water-
house, 1888, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6) 1: 350; Lesne, 1896, Soc. Ent. de

France Bul., p. 335.

Male.—Strongly shining, black, with a vague reddish tinge; body
beneath, antennal club, tibiae, and tarsi reddish brown; palpi, antennae
(except clubs), femora, and anterior coxae brownish yellow.

Head slightly gibbose; front deflexed along anterior margin, densely,
finely punctate, with a longitudinal, median, smooth space, rather
densely clothed with moderately long, erect, yellow hairs on each side
along anterior margin; occiput densely, rather coarsely granulose, the
granules round at middle and elongate on each side; clypeus flat,
coarsely, irregularly punctate, rather densely clothed with moderately
long, erect, yellowish hairs, feebly, arcuately emarginate in front;
clypeal suture distinct, biarcuate.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest at basal third; sides
broadly rounded posteriorly, strongly converging anteriorly, with a
short, unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles rectangular ;
lateral margins arcuate near base; surface glabrous, smooth and finely,
indistinctly punctate on basal half, more distinctly punctate at sides
on apical half, densely, irregularly dentate on disk on apical half, the
teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike, with a few longer
teeth on each side toward lateral margin.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
nearly parallel, conjointly broadly rounded at apices, the margins
strongly elevated along apical declivity, thickened and more strongly
elevated at sutural angles; surface glabrous, rather densely, coarsely
punctate, the punctures finer near base and apex; apical declivity with
sutural margins slightly, uniformly elevated, the lateral submargin
short, not joined to lateral margin at anterior margin of declivity;
each elytron with three more or less distinct costiform tubercles along
anterior margin of apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, rather densely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible sternite feebly
emarginate and clothed with long hairs at apex, and with narrow,
smooth, lateral pieces.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of the head
and clypeus densely clothed with very long, erect, yellowish hairs,
forming a transverse, arcuate crown on the front and two tufts on the
clypeus, the last visible abdominal sternite more deeply emarginate at
the apex, with the lateral pieces smaller and pubescent.

Length 5-8.5 mm., width 2-3 mm.

Type locality.—Of religiosus, “Dorei, Africa, Maurice and Bourbon
Islands, and East Indies.” Of destructor, Woodlark Island. Of

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 139

lifuana, Lifu Islands, New Caledonia. The location of the types of
these three species is unknown to the writer.

Distribution—This species is widely distributed throughout the
tropical parts of the Pacific Ocean. It is recorded from New Cale-
donia, New Hebrides, Samoa, Tahiti, New Britain, New Guinea,
Hawaii, northeast Australia, Timor, Ternate, Molucca, and the Fiji,
Marquesas, Woodlark, Solomon, Arou, and eastern Sunda Islands.
It was intercepted at New York, April 13, 1939, in Cryptocarya pal-
merstoni logs from Australia, but so far as known, has not become
established in the United States.

Hosts.—Lesne (1901) recorded religiosus as living in “Arbre & Pain”
(Artocarpus inciso) and in “Bourao” (Hibiscus tiliaceus) in Tahiti.
Lever (1945) reported it attacking branches of avocado pear (Persea
americana), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), and in the roots of stored derris
(Derris elliptica) in the Fiji Islands. Montrouzier (1861) recorded
this species as injuring wooden constructions in New Caledonia.

Boisduval (1835) described veligiosus from a number of widely sep-
arated localities without designating any of these places as the type
locality. Some of the specimens used in describing this species,
without any doubt, belong to flavipes Illiger. Lesne (1901) placed
lifuana and destructor, both described by Montrouzier, as synonyms
of flavipes Illiger. Froggatt (1927) stated that flavipes had been in-
troduced in timber into England, Natal, and various places in

Australia.
Genus X YLOPSOCUS Lesne

Xylopsocus Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 479, 627-639 ; Jakob-
son, 1913, Kifer Russland, pt. 10, pp. 804, 806; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de
l’Afrique Tropicale Frangaise, pp. 209, 215-217; 1938, in Junk (pub.) Coleopt.
Cat., pt. 161, p. 68.

Head deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above; clypeus
strongly transverse, truncate or shallowly emarginate in front, nar-
rowly emarginate on each side at base of labrum; labrum small, trans-
verse, truncate and densely ciliate with long, yellow hairs in front;
mandibles variable, usually broadly attentuate to and rounded at
apices; eyes rather small, broadly oblong, strongly projecting. An-
tenna 9- or 10-segmented; first and second segments robust, first long,
slightly arcuate, second shorter than first; third to sixth or seventh
segments small, compact, transverse except third, united as long as, or
shorter than first segment; last three segments forming a large, loose,
compressed club, with or without sensory depressions on each surface,
the first segment of club transverse, subtriangular, second transversely
oblong, and third oblong or oval, narrower than second. Pronotum
strongly convex, arcuately emarginate in front, sinuate at base, dentate
anteriorly, not transversely depressed behind anterior margin; sides
margined along basal half. Scutellum small, quadrate. Elytra
strongly convex, with or without tubercles on apical declivity. Legs
short, subequal in length; tibia slightly expanded toward apices,
shghtly dentate on exterior margins, each with a large, arcuate spine
at apex; posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than tibiae, apical seg-
ment of each shorter than preceding four segments united. Anterior
coxae contiguous. Middle coxae narrowly separated. Intercoxal
process of abdomen lamellate. Body elongate, cylindrical.

Genotype.—A pate capucinus Fabricius. (Present designation. )

140 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Lesne (1901) erected Xylopsocus for nine species without designat-
ing a genotype.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XYLOPSOCUS

Antenna 9-segmented; apical declivity of elytra densely, coarsely punctate,
the elevated lateral margins completely enclosing the declivity; sides of
elytra densely punctate or granulose in front of apical declivity i

capucinus (Fabricius), p. 140.

Antenna 10-segmented; apical declivity of elytra densely, finely granulose,
the elevated lateral margin on each side obliterated at anterior third of
declivity; sides of elytra transversely rugose in front of apical declivity

castanoptera (Fairmaire), p. 141.

XyLopsocus cApucinus (Fabricius)

Apate capucinus Fabricius, 1781, Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 62; 1787, Mantissa

Insect., v. 1, p. 33.

Synodendron capucinus Fabricius, 1792, Ent. System., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 359.
Sinodendron capucinus Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 378.
Xylopsocus capucinus Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 628, 631-

634, figs. 478, 481-482; Fauvel, 1904, Rev. d’Ent. 23: 159; Lesne, 1904, Mission

Pavie Indo-Chine, Ent. Div. 3: 106; Jakobson, 1913, Kafer Russland, pt. 10,

p. 806; Lesne, 1924, Bostrychides de l’Afrique Tropicale Francaise, pp. 216-217,

fig. 1383 ; 1926, Treubia 7: 119; Froggatt, 1927, Forest Insects and Timber Borers,

p. 102; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec., Ent. Ser. 18 (9): 16-17, pl. 4, figs.

55-56 (larvae) ; Miller, 1934, Straits Settlements and Fed. Malay States, Dept.

Agr. Sci. Ser. No. 14, pp. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 16-20, pl. 1, figs. 16-19; Chfij6, 1936, For-

mosa Nat. Hist. Soe. Trans. 26: 409; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest

Rec., New Ser., Ent. 2: 226, 230, 305-306, 309-320; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.),

Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 68.

Bostrichus eremita Olivier, 1790, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Insectes, v. 5, p. 110;

1795, Hntomologie, v. 4, Gen. 77, pp. 18-14, pl. 2, figs. 11 a, b.

Apate marginata Fabricius, 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, v. 2, p. 382.
Enneadesmus nicobaricus Redtenbacher, 1867, Reise der Novara, v. 2, pp. 114-115.

Male.—Black sometimes with elytra reddish; underside of body,
antennae, and palpi reddish brown or brownish yellow.

Head slightly convex, unarmed in front, densely, finely granulose
and sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs on front,
with fine, longitudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus finely,
densely punctate, sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, white hairs;
clypeal suture deeply depressed at middle, obsolete at sides. Antennae
9-segmented, first segment three times as long as second; third to sixth
segments united much shorter than first; seventh to ninth segments
densely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, without dis-
tinct sensory depressions, the apical segment gbleng.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest behind middle; sides
broadly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small,
unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles obtusely angulated;
lateral margins sinuate near base; surface glabrous, densely, finely
punctate and granulose on basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on
apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike,
with a few larger teeth on each side near apical angles.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum behind middle; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices
(angulate when viewed from above) ; surface glabrous, very densely,
finely, uniformly punctate, sometimes confluently punctate and granu-
lose near apical declivity ; apical declivity abruptly, obliquely defiexed,
flattened, without tubercles or callosities, the lateral margins strongly

Ni ree a a eT Pe I ae Ra

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 141

elevated, crenulate toward top of declivity, and completely enclosin
the declivity; sutural margins narrow, slightly elevated on apica
declivity, strongly elevated at apices.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely granulose, rather densely clothed
with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs; first visible sternite longitudi-
nally carinate at middle; last visible sternite not much longer than
preceding sternite, and broadly rounded at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the last visible abdominal
sternite twice as long as the preceding sternite at the middle, and
slightly emarginate at the apex.

Length 3-5.5 mm., width 1.4-1.7 mm.

Type locality—Of capucinus and eremita, both from the Coro-
mandel Coast, India; type in the Banks Collection in the British
Museum. Of marginata, East Indies; location of type unknown to
writer. Of nicobaricus, Nicobar Island; type supposed to be in the
Vienna Museum.

Distribution.—This species is widely distributed in all tropical re-
gions. It has been recorded from India, Ceylon, China, Siam, Indo-
China, Burma, Formosa, Philippines, nearly all Malaysian and
Melanesian Islands, Madagascar, etc. It has been introduced from
the Indo-Malaysian and Malaccan regions by commerce into the east-
ern and western coasts of Africa, and French Guinea, Venezuela, Trini-
dad, and Brazil. Specimens have been intercepted at New York in
derris roots from British Malay, and at Miami, Fla., on a plane arriv-
ing from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. So far as known, this species has
not become established in the United States.

Hosts—Fauval (1904) stated that it usually lives in mango trees.
Lesne (1924) recorded it living in the wood of Morus alba and trunks
of “Kimoungoué” in east Africa, in bamboo in Madagascar, in the
branches of letchi (Nephelium litcht) in Tonkin, and in the wood of
grape in Brazil. Miller (1934) recorded 8 species as attacking
piquia (Caryocar villosum), rambutun (Nephelium lappaceum),
rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Dipterocarpus sp., Derris sp., guava
(Psidium guajava), Casuarina equisetifolia, Eugenia malaccensis,
cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Indigofera anil, cashew nut
(Anacardium occidentale), durian (Durio zibethinus), Tephrosia
candida, Gardenia florida, tamarind (Tamarindus indicus), Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis, and mango (Alangifera indica). Beeson and Bhatia
(1937) recorded it also as attacking Anacardium occidentale, Artocar-
pus hirsuta, Ficus sp., Mallotus philippinensis, Poinciana elata, San-
talum album, Shorea robusta, Sindora siamensis, Swietenia mahogoni,
Tectona grandis, Terminolia myriocarpa, and Vitex negundo.

Fabricius (1781) and Olivier (1790) described capucinus and
eremita from the same specimen from the Coromandel Coast in the
Banks Collection. The synonymy of marginata Fabricius was made
by Lesne (1901) after Meinert compared this specimen with capucinus
Fabricius and emarginata Fabricius. Lesne (1901) also placed nico-
baricus Redtenbacher as a synonym of capucinus Fabricius.

XYLOPSOCUS CASTANOPTERA (Fairmaire)

Apate castanoptera Fairmaire, 1850, Rev. and Mag. Zool. (ser. 2) 2: 50.
Xylopsocus castanoptera Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 629,
635-636 ; 1926, Treubia 7: 119; Froggatt, 1927, Forest Insects and Timber

142 MISC. PUBLICATION 698, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Borers, p. 103; Lesne, 1938, in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 68; Lever,

1945, Bul. Ent. Res. 35 (4) : 375.

Male—Brown or black, shining; elytra reddish, paler on basal
half; antennae, palpi, tarsi, and sides and apex of abdomen, brownish

ellow.

: Head slightly convex, sometimes slightly, transversely depressed
behind eyes, unarmed on front, densely, finely granulose and sparsely
clothed with short, recumbent, whitish hairs on front, with fine, longi-
tudinal, parallel costae on occiput; clypeus finely, densely punctate,
depressed at middle along posterior margin; clypeal suture depressed
at middle, obsolete at sides. Antenna 10-segmented; first segment
twice as long as second; third to seventh segments united as long as,
or longer than first; eighth to tenth segments sparsely clothed with
short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, with distinct, round, sensory de-
pressions on each surface, the apical segment oval.

Pronotum distinctly wider than long, widest at basal third; sides
broadly rounded, more strongly converging anteriorly, with a small,
unciform tooth at apical angles; posterior angles obtusely angulated;
lateral margins arcuate, not sinuate near base; surface glabrous, im-
punctate at sides on basal half, sparsely, finely, irregularly punctate
on median part of basal half, densely, irregularly dentate on apical
half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and rasplike, with
a few larger teeth on each side near apical angles.

Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at basal third; sides
slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices;
surface glabrous, finely, densely punctate on basal half, transversely
rugose at sides near apical declivity, densely, finely granulose on apical
declivity ; apical declivity abruptly, obliquely deflexed, flattened, with-
out tubercles or callosities, the lateral margins strongly elevated pos-
teriorly, but obliterated on inner third of declivity; sutural margins
strongly, narrowly, uniformly elevated on apical declivity.

Abdomen beneath finely, densely punctate, densely clothed with
rather long, recumbent, whitish hairs; first visible sternite longitu-
dinally carinate on anterior half; last visible sternite broadly rounded
at apex.

F Doe sree to the male except that the last visible abdominal
sternite is vaguely emarginate at the apex.

Length 38-+4.5 mm., width 1.4-1.6 mm.

Type locality—Tahiti; type probably in the Paris Museum.

Distribution.—This species has been recorded from Madagascar,
German East Africa, Assam, Annam, Comores, Borneo, New Guinea,
Indo-China, Australia, Tahiti, Fiji, and the Maurice Islands. Speci-
mens were intercepted at New York, April 18, 1939, in Cryptocarya
palmerstoni logs from Australia, but so far as known, has not become
established in the United States.

Hosts—Fairmaire (1850) described this species from material
collected on Hybiscus tiliacea, and Lever (1945) recorded it as attack-
ee trunks and branches of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in Fiji.

esne (1901) places afints Brancsik™ as a synonym of catanop-
tera. ‘The writer has not seen the description of affinis.

“BRANCSIK, C. BEITRAGE ZUR KENTNISS NOSSIBES UND DESSEN FUANA NACH
SENDUNGEN, UND MITTHEILUNGEN DES HERN P. FREY. Jahrb. der Naturw. Ver.
des Trenecsin. Comil. 15: 235, 1893.

:

NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 143

ADDENDA

The following genus does not occur in North America, but several
North American species have erroneously been placed init. They are
now placed in X yloperthella, new name.

Genus XYLOPERTHA Gueérin-Ménéville

Xylopertha Guérin-Ménéville, 1845, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (ser. 2) 3: Bul. p.
Vit.

Xylonites Lesne, 1901, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1900) 69: 478, 575-584; 1938,
in Junk (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 65. (New synonymy.)
Genotype.—Of Xylopertha, Apate sinuata Fabricius. (Designated

by Gorham.) Of Xylonites, Bostrichus retusus Olivier. (Present

designation. )

Guérin-Ménéville described Xylopertha in a table for separating
genera, and in a footnote gives as the types Apate minutus Fabricius,
truncata Dejean, longicornis Fabricius, stnuata Fabricius, etc., with-
out designating a genotype. Apate truncatais a nomen nudum, Apate
minuta belongs to Dinoderus Stephens, and Bostrichus longicornis has
now the genus 7'etrapriocera for its reception. Gorham ™” designated
A pate sinuata Fabricius as the genotype of Xylopertha Guérin-Méné-
ville.

Lesne (1901) apparently overlooked the designation of sinwata as
the type of Xylopertha, and erected Xylonites for three species, in-
cluding retusus Olivier (stnuatus Fabricius) without designating a
genotype. AX ylonites Lesne (1901) must be suppressed as a synonym
of Xylopertha Guérin-Ménéville (1845).

“Gorham, H. S. MALACODERMATA. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., v. 3, pt. 2, p.
215, 1883.

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INDEX TO SPECIES

[Valid names are in roman type, synonyms in italics.]

Page
merepis LeConte_—____-_ --._-- 15
aequalis Waterhouse [Bos-
REMMI hee oe gee 83, 85
aequalis (Waterhouse) [Hetero-
REMOTE 8 ek 85
Alloeocnemis LeConte_--_------ 11
Amphicerus LeConte____ 54, 56, 66, 67
aspericollis (Germar)___--__- 67, 68
bicaudatus (Say)---------- 67, 68
bicornutus (Latreille)_______ 68, 70
bimaculatus (Olivier)___ 67, 68, 72

brevicollis Casey__--------- 74

cornutus (Pallas)_-_-_-- 68, 70, 71
fariie MeConte. a. | 96
graciis Casey_= =. + ~ ..-- _- 68
grandicollis Casey ___------ 74
hamatus Lesne, not Fabri-

"CTS Sal Tk oe te ae 68
maritimus Casey __---.---- 70
migrator (Sharp) - - -------- 70
peregrinus (Erichson) - _-_-- 70

punctipennis (LeConte)____ 67, 70
serricollis (Germar)---_---- 68

simplex (Hor). 2. ._ 68, 74
BOTES Grae. 18 Fo ee 68, 73
amplus Casey [Dinoderus]------ 44
amplus (Casey) [Stephanopa-
| Soi ie! ha ae eres ae eres a , 44
_anale Lesne [Sinoxylon]_______-_ 58
— angustatus Casey [Bostrichus]- _- 82
angustatus (Casey) [Lichen-
BeOpiHanes | = cps es 82
anobioides Waterhouse [Caeno-
—ELCT Lc 2 (a pe 67
Anobium Fabricius__________-_- 3, 20
reticulatus Herbst______-__- 20
mensate fa brictus: = = 3, 54
aspericollis Germar_______-_ 67, 68
basalzs Dejean-_—-_._..___ 123
hasilare pay 2-22 122, 123
bicaudatus Say___.______-- 67, 68
Digernis Weber. 2. = 78
bidens Fabricius__________- 63
bimaculatus (Olivier) _____- 72
capillata Dejean__________- 112
capucinus (Fabricius) _-_. __ 55, 139
castanoptera Fairmaire_-_-_-_- 141
chepricer Ville. 2 112
cornutus (Olivier) _______-- 65
destructor Burchell______-_-- 65
destructor Montrouzier -_ - _ -- 138
dominica Fabricius-__-_-__-_-- 136
elongatus Paykull________-_- 25
femoralis Fabricius_ _---_--- 10
flavipes Illiger__.__._._-_ 185, 136

842409—50

Page

Apate Fabricius—Continued
humeralis Melsheimer- ----- 122
lifuana Montrouzier_ ------ 138
marginata Fabricius_--__---- 140

minutus Fabricius_ -_-- 25, 30, 143

BURGE NOAY) 3 oe 36, 37
punctipennis LeConte_-__-- 7
pusilla Fairmaire, not Fab-

pC Sk ati Biter abe Agarcnaiatpapers 35
religiosa Boisduval__- -__- 135, 138
iit AOC oye ee 35
rufescens Dejean____-_----- 102
scrtiesies Germar 2 2 68
sexdentatum Olivier_____-- 63
sinuata Fabricius________--_ 143
sinuata Stephens, not Fab-

ECL CS he hater sel aria 136
substriatus Paykull_____ 24, 42, 45
tetraodon Fairmaire__------
torquata Fabricius___-_--_ 119, 120
tridens Fabricius, not Lesne

[L5. ( beh 7h hon pellet edged Misa 120
Panes eiean 2 2 *~t 143
WAT eet 76
xyloperthoides Jacquelin-

LPO lesen Aa A pe let ca ge 89

Apate Redtenbacker_-______-_-__ 54
Apatides foasey. 20. 2 22 54, 95
Fotis (leConte) 2-2 96
weliens Casey =. 2 96
puncticeps Casey____-_---- 96
Topusius GASey so. 96
Apatodes Blackburn_-_-__---_-__- 57
macleayt Blackburn_______~_ 57, 58
apax Lesne [Prostephanus]_-____- 37, 40

pelea Gorham. os» ee = 3, 4
Apoleoninae Gardner_______-__-_ 3
arcellata Lesne [Xyloprista]-__-_-_-_ 118
arizonicus, n. sp. [Lichenophanes] 76, 77
arizonicus, n. sp. [Prostephanus]_ 36, 38

arizonica Lesne [Scobicia]-_-__-__ 105, 109
armiger LeConte [Bostrichus]___- 79
armiger (LeConte) [Licheno-

“CR EENT 2) a piataespetecipal th cqa tang ll saeiliectged 6, 79
aspera (LeConte) [Dendrobiella]_ 128
aspericollis Germar [Apate]___--_ 67, 68

aspericollis (Germar) [Amphice-

ee , 68
asperulus Casey [Dinoderus]___-_-_ 47
asperulus (Casey) [Stephano-

PTE OT 2 ethane pliant ipa 3, 47
asperum LeConte [Sinoxylon]_.___ 128
barbata (Wollaston) [Scobicia]_ 105, 113
barbata (Wollaston) [Xyloper-

UD). peeping segs eter lie a 113

146 INDEX
Page Page
barbatus Wollaston [Enneadens- Bostrichus Geoffroy—Continued
mais] 2292 2 eee et 113 pictpennis Fahraeus_______ 84
basalis Dejean [Apate]____-____- 123 punctipennis LeConte______ 67
basalis (Dejean) [Xylobiops]____ 123 repusus Oliwier=.22. 2 7] faa 143
basilare (Say) [Sinoxylon]_______ 122 rucOsusuOlivaer. 22. 2 2 ae 43
basilaris Say [Apate]________- 122, 123 scabratus Erichson________ 90
basilaris (Say) [Xylobiops]_- ---- 122 sexdentatum Olivier_______ 57, 63
bevani Curtis [Exops]_____---_-- WL spectabilis Lesne._..._____ 77
bevani (Curtis) [Polycaon]-_______ et tetraodon Fairmaire_______ 98
bicaudatus Say [Apate]________- 67, 68 truncaticollis LeConte_____ 81
bicaudatus (Say) [Amphicerus]__ 67, 68 unerpenmis lesne. =. > as 85
bicaudatus (Say) [Bostrichus]___- 68 VETLENS AW AKC ee ee 30
bicornis Weber [Apate]______-_- 78 ism lanehlard seats: ss) ee 90
bicornis (Weber) [Bostrichus]__-__ 78 xyloperthoides (Jacquelin-
bicornis (Weber) [Lichenophanes] 76, 78 DOT VA ee ac 89
bicornutus Latreille [Ligniperda]_ (0 | Bosirzchats teConte-= > ee 75
bicornutus (Latreille) [Amphice- Bostrychoeplites: Lesne! 22 2! 54, 64
PUTS) trees oy ae neem mm, Ne rath!) Cornmutus (Oliviera. = s. son 65
bidens Fabricius [Apate]_______- 63 destructor (Burchall)_______ 65
bidens (Fabricius) [Sinoxylon]_ __ 63 | Bostrychopsis Lesne________ 54, 96, 97
bidentata Horn [Sinoxylon]______ 107 forbiss(be@onte)-—- * — 2. 2a" 96
bidentata (Horn) [Scobicia]__ _-__ 104, parallelat(Quesme) 2 ee aa 98
105, 107 tetraodon (Fairmaire)______ 98, 99
bidentata (Horn) [Xylopertha]_ _ 107 |: Bostrychulas Lesne: 2 as 87, 88
bidentata Lesne, not Horn [Scobi- brasiliensis Westie. 20. =e 92
CITES PPR NS OUP OR Sas he ar 106 dinoderoides Lesne, not
bifoveolata Wollaston [Rhyzoper- lon ses eS. a ee 87, 93
|B, 2 [aR meee are wate le aie pe! 32 scabratus (Erichson)______~_ 90
bifoveolatus (Wollaston) [Dino- xyloperthoides (Jacquelin-
GERUS |e at eS Mee eee eae A 32 Deval) ee ee ee 89
bifoveolatus Zoufal, not Wollaston BOs cis: 095 - Sa pe eee 54
PDinodenus]|maa2 samere = < Oe 30 | brasiliensis Lesne [Bostrychulus]_ 92
bilobata, n. sp. [Micrapate]_-____ 88, 94| brasiliensis (Lesne) [Micrapate]_ 88, 92
bimaculatus Olivier [Bostrichus]_ 67, 72 | brevicollis Casey [Amphicerus]- _ 74
bimaculatus (Olivier) [Apate]____ 72 | brevicollis (Casey) [Schistocerus]_ 74
bimaculatus (Olivier) [Amphice- brevis Horn [Dinoderus]-______- 24, 27
BUA S | coeroes ete ee a ee ea 67, 68, 72| brevis (Horn) [Patea]__________ 24
bimaculatus (Olivier) [Schisto- brunneus Murray [Bostrichus]__ 83
COR OS |i sre pee ee 72|brunneus (Murray) [Heterobos-
iBostrichinae=—2 22] 5 ee Pea 8 BEY CUMS een ee ee 83
sOstric imi ect eee 2, 53, 54| Caenophrada Waterhouse__-____-_ 66
Bostrichus Geoitroy 22" 3224 54, 75 anobioides Waterhouse_____ 67
aequalis Waterhouse __-_--_-_- 85 | californicus Horn [Bostrichus]__ 80
angustatus Casey oes. 82|californicus (Horn) [Licheno-
armiger LeConte____-___-_- 79) peep nents | eae yee rect. oe mee ea 76, 80
bicaudatus\(Say))! 22 == === 68 | capillata Dejean [Apate]________ 112
bicormis (Weber) 522252 -- = 78 | capillata Dejean [Scobicia]______ ily
bimaculatus Olivier_--___—__ 67, 72| capucinus Fabricius -[Synoden-
brunneus Murray-_--_-_-_--_--- 83.|) Chom met ae oe Se eee 140
calitornicus; Horns. se. =. 2. - 80| capucinus (Fabricius) [Apate]_-
capucinus (Linnaeus) - - - __- 55 55, 139, 140
var. luctuosus Olivier __ 56| capucinus (Fabricius) [Xylopso-
cormmuius Ohwier == =| = 65 CUS | See = es = eee 140
cornutus (eallas) ==222- 2 70 | capucinus Linnaeus [Dermestes]_ 55
eremita; Olivier oe sss ee 140|capucinus (Linnaeus) [Ligni-
fasciculatus) Halle 22) = 2 == 7614 ARDELL alee eee Re eee 55
femoralis (Fabricius) __-____-_ 6|capucinus (Linnaeus) [Bostri-
grayanus Wollaston_______- SA Cis amet ee eee ee 55
longicornis Olivier____---- 102, 103 var. luetuosus Olivier
TAGE OLO Te SAN | pe ee 70 (Bostrichus|e2 =) oe ies 56
minutus (Fabricius) _____-_- 30 | capucinus (Linnaeus) [Apate]___ 55
mutilatus Walker______-_-- 136 | carinatus Guerin-Meneville [Exo--
parallelus Lesne ([Bostry- DiGides|Hess 224. ae ee 6
Chis Eeeey = Ae eee , 99 | carinatus Guerin-Meneville [Mel-
peregrinus Erichson___------ 70'|teealcusleeere= a ee 2 Slane 6
piceus, Olivier= esse eee = 116 | castanoptera Fairmaire [Apate]__ 141

ae

INDEX 147
Page Page
castanoptera (Fairmaire) [Xylop- Dinapatini besnes- 22a St spun Peri |
Bociis] = arctindefoil } ilo 140, 141 | Dinoderastes Lesne__----------- 25
chevrieri Villa [Apate]_________- 112| Dinoderidae Lesne_______-___-- 23
chevrieri (Villa) [Scobicia]_ 104, 105, 112| Dinoderina Schilsky____. _----- 23
chevrieri (Villa) [Xylopertha]_.__ 112 Dinoderinae Lesne_-_-____-=-:-- 2, 23
chiliensis Castelnau [Polycaon]__ 11| Dinoderini Lesne____________-- 23
chiliensis Erichson [Psoa]-__-_~___- 11 | dinoderoides Horn [Sinoxylon]__ 87, 88
chiliensis Erichson [Polycaon]___ 11 | dinoderoides (Horn) [Micrapate]_ 87, 88
chiliensis Lacordaire [Melalgus]_- 6| dinoderoides Lesne, not Horn
meicuinatrentie s°)\- 3 fie iby ers ee 20, 23'| (2 (Bostryehulus| os 2 5425 Lee 87, 93
gugosus Dejcan=ss fates us 21| dinoderoides Lesne, not Horn
cleroides Lesne [Psoa]-_--------- 167] QhMilere pate hates Are 2 3 keeitey 93
cleroides Lesne [Acrepis]_______- 16 | Dinoderopsis Lesne__-_--------- 23
confertus LeConte [Polycaon]__- 9] Dinoderus Stephens- - _ ____- 23, 24, 42
confertus (LeConte) [Melalgus]__ 6, 9 amplus|@asey2 i) «athe Jo. 44
confertus (LeConte) [Heterar- asperulus Casey___-___---- 47

thron] 9
conicola, n. sp [Stephanopachys]_ 438, 48
conigerum Gerstacker [Sinoxy-

Laity GO ae 2 re 58, 60
cornuta Pallas [Ligniperda]_____ 70
cornutus Olivier [Bostrichus]____ 65
cornutus Olivier [Apate]_____—__ 65
cornutus Olivier [Bostrychop-

Ges ee eee EEE Se wpe tm 65
cornutus (Pallas) [Amphi-

Conus ats scar deelole Bs). 68, 70, 71
cornutus (Pallas) [Bostrichus]__ 70
cornutus (Pallas) [Schistoceros]__ 70
eribratus LeConte [Dinoderus]__ 49
eribratus (LeConte) [Stephano-

Pachye aot aps elem iCTL Sopa fo 3, 49
crinitarsis Imhoff [Xylopertha]_._ 116
erinitarsis (Imhoff) [Xyloper-

Gliglla) |: nF teem BE wen F 116

_ eristicauda Casey [Micrapate]__- a
_ eylindricus Dejean [Melalgus]-- - 6
declivis LeConte [Sinoxylon]____ 110
declivis (LeConte) [Scobicia]____ 104,
105, 110
declivis (LeConte) [Xylopertha]_ 110
Dendrobiella Casey___------- LOSI 27
aspera (LeConte)_____-_--- 128
pubescens Casey___-_---- 128, 129
quadrispinosus (LeConte). 128, 132
sericans (LeConte) _______- 129
sericans Casey, not LeConte_ 128
densus LeConte [Dinoderes]- _ _ _ 50
-densus (LeConte) [Stephano-
SAG Ih (3 Se nine tee 43, 50
Dermestes sSNA a Werte de 55
capucinus Linnaeus__-__-__-_ 55
destructor Burchell [Apate]__-_-__- 65
destructor (Burchell) ([Bostry-

echowtesie 2 eh epee) 65
destructor Montrouzier [Apate]_ - 138
destructor (Montrouzier) [Xylo-

Ghrips)| seers tend eee O ul 138
Dictyalotus Redtenbacher_______ 20

reticulatus (Herbst) _____-- 20
Dinapaterbiorns 2) aryl) | ie 51
Mada orn ss ee 52
Dinapastina, Lesne! 22... 51
Dinapatinae Lesne___________- 51

bifoveolatus (Wollaston)___ 25, 32
bifoveolatus Zoufal, not Wol-

IeShOnes qe oct aes 30
brevis orn <2 32h pra? 25,.27
cribratus LeConte__--_-__--- 49
densus LeConte_--_---__---- 50
hispidulus Casey _-------- 50
japonicus Lesne_--_-_------- 25
japonicus Matsumura, not

esmeni.?). 2 dite. ate 30
minutus (Fabricius) - ------ 25, 30
nitidus, Wegme| uijerd ip 2: 20
ocellaris Stephens_-____-_ 24, 25, 28

opacusiGasey Void lo T\ _ 3 3
pacificus Casey | 22222. 2!

parvulus (Casey) -_-------- 50
perpunctatus Lesne_-_- ----- 32
PilifrOMs LeSne- = \sreyd pe eel 28
porcatus LeConte___--~----- 43
pubicollis Van Dyke__--_---- 25, 26
punchaiMs, (Say)... 2) om
pusillus Horn, not Fabricius_ 34
sveula, (Bandi) i= - iefas8 1). 30
sobrinus; Casey2i2_ 22-2. 47
substriatus (Paykull) ____-- 24, 45
substriatus Stephens, not
Ray koull ponies a2 | ete 30, 42, 45
truncatus: €ilorm)/__ J ss2e322 39
tsugae Matsumura_-------- 25
vertens (Walker)... i aslv. =. 30
Dinoderus Guérin-Ménéville, not
Stephensee he Gt entelisinh cee 42
dominica Fabricius [Synoden-
Grom) ayes PE po reiniy esl os 34
dominica (Fabricius) [Rhyzo-
perineal etwas teh hf xigeot 34
dominica Fabricius [Apate]- - - -- 136
dominicana (Fabricius) [Xylo-
[Ovsp ee) OC (oa ae er 136
dominicanus (Fabricius) [Xylo-
ETS ees Ste ere foro LLP. 136

dorsalis Mellié [Endecatomus]___ 20, 21
Divsides manent: ee oar 2 tot 3

obseunusa! Péertyss:eceut =
Diysididae Lesne. . _.. --22ascu 3

Dycidingereshe! see. if5 L- 3 2, 3, 4
elongatus Paykull [Apate]- - ---- 25
Badécatominae: 2. 4.4.2.4 2, 4, 19
Endecatomini LeConte_-___----- 19

148 INDEX
Page Page
Endecatomus Mellié_____-_-_-- 19| Hendecatomus Bach____________ 19
dorsalis2=Melhié22eeeei= 2a) 2 en 20, 21 reticulatus (Melsheimer) ____ 22
lanatus esnele shea.) sake 20| Heterarthron Dejean _------___- 3, 5, 6
reticulatus Melsheimer, not confertus (LeConte) _______
Herbstis =e sree) sues 20, 22 exesus (LeConte)__________ 7
rugosus (Randall) ____-_-_-- 19, 21 femoralis (Fabricius) ___-_-___ 6
Enneadesmus Mulsant_------ 113, 140 femoralis Lesne, not Fabri-
barbatus Wollaston__--_---- 113 Gis eters | oo nar) BE 7
nicobaricus Redtenbacher-_-_.- 140 gonagra (Fabricius)________ 6
espisternalis Lesne [Octodesmus]. 115 megalops (Fall)___________ 10
eremita Olivier [Bostrichus]- __-_ 140 parvulum Lesne___________ 10
eremita Olivier [Xylopsocus]- - _ - 140 plicatus (LeConte) ________ 7
exesus LeConte [Exops]_______- 7 | Heterobostrychus Lesne________ 54, 83
exesus (LeConte) [Heterarthron]_ 7 aequalis (Waterhouse) _____ 83, 85
exesus (LeConte) [Melalgus]___ 6, 7, 10 brunneus (Murray)________ 83
exesus (LeConte) [Polycaon]-_-_-_-_ 7 grayanus (Wollaston) ______ 84
Exopioides Guérin-Ménéville____ 5 picipennis (Fahraeus)______ 84
carinatus Guérin-Ménéville_ 6 unctpennis (Lesne)________ 85
wncisa we Contes ee ae , 10} hexacantha Fairmaire [Xylo-
Bsops Curtistsc. ss ee SEF 7; LEA apent hale ye 118
bevani Curtis= ae Dae ipsa 11} hexacantha (Fairmaire) [Xylo-
exesus LeConte__________- 7 |) Gtprista]es ais tet! | st ye 118
ovicollis LeConte_________-_ 13| hispidulus Casey [Dinoderus]- __ 50
stoutn CleConte)saie a8 28. 13| hispidulus (Casey) [Stephano-
fasciculatus Fall [Bostrichus]____ 76 |) Gtpachays| pee fee ee 43, 50
fasciculatus (Fall) [Licheno- humeralis Melsheimer [Apate]__ 122
phanes]: .\. See) bth 76| humeralis (Melsheimer) [Xylo-
femoralis Fabricius [Apate]-_ -___ 10 biops|seReetieoas sneaky ee 123
femoralis(Fabricius) [Bostrichus]_ 6 | encisa LeConte [Exopioides]_ -_-___ 9,10
femoralis (Fabricius) [Heterar- incisa (LeConte) [Melalgus]____ 9
thiron| bs steeeieet Beane) 2 wan 6| japonicum Lesne [Sinoxylon]__ 58, 61
femoralis (Fabricius) [Melalgus]_ 6, 10] japonicus Lesne [Dinoderus]_-___ 2

femoralis Lesne, not Fabricius

(Heterarthron|2 22 Sateen) soaks a
fissicornis Marsham [Ptinus]---- 35
fissicornis (Marsham) [Rhyzo-

perbiial| a es a 35
flavipes Illiger [Apate]____--_ 135, 136
flavipes (Illiger) Fede aie 135, 136
floridanum Horn [Sinoxylon]-- 120
floridanus (Horn) [Xylobiops]_- 120
floridanus (Horn) [Xylomeira]___ 120
fortis LeConte [Amphicerus]_- -- 96
fortis (LeConte) [Apatides]_ -___ 96
fortis (LeConte) [Bostrychopsis]_ 96
foveicollis Allard [Xylopertha]-_-__ 112
fovetcollis (Allard) [Scobicia]- _ __ 112
geminatum Schilsky [Sinoxylon]_ 58
gonagra (Fabricius) [Melalgus]-- 6
gonagra (Fabricius) [Heterar-

thron|oi vibe, (ae sae) _ ee 6
gracilis Casey [Amphicerus]---- 68
grandicollis Casey [Amphicerus]. 74
grandicollis (Casey) [Schisto-

COTOS| eee Be eg he eR 74
granulatus Van Dyke [Polycaon]_ 12
grayanus Wollaston [Bostrichus]_ 84
grayanus (Wollaston) [Heterobos-

try Chug|se nes == yb: 84
hamatus Lesne, not Fabricius

[Schistoceros|ie =2 2 aes oe 68
hamatus (Lesne, not Fabricius)

{Amphicerus]s# 2020 UES oie 68
Hendecatomidae Kiesenwetter_- 19
Hendecatominae Lesne____--_--_-- 19

japonicus Matsumura, not Lesne

(Dineterts} 01 f UOC a) ae 30
labialis Lesne [Micrapate]_-____ 88, 94
lanatus Lesne [Endecatomus]_- 20
lesnei, n. sp. [Scobicia]___:_____ 105
Lichenophanes Lesne_--_-_-_____ 54, 75

angustatus (Casey)_________ 82
arizonicus;n: sp. - i222. 76, 77
armiger (LeConte)_________ 76, 79
bicornis (Weber) __________ 76, 78
californicus: (Horn) ®_~ 22525 76, 80
fasciculatus (Fall) _________ 7
mutchleri Belkin__________ 76, 82
spectabilis (Lesne)_________ 16,500
truncaticollis (LeConte)____ 76, 81
varia? (aliger) )0.. Yah) arise 76
lifuana Montrouzier [Apate]-_-__-_ 138
lifuana (Montrouzier) [Xyloper-

A110 | oe heme aes es TS 138
lifuana (Montrouzier)[Xylothrips] 138
Lieniperda Pallassses5 5 oon 55, 70

bicornutus Latreille________ 70

capucinus (Linnaeus) -_-___-_ 55

cormuta: Pallas...) {eee 70
linearis Kugelann [Stephanopa-

Chaya] ee AS tires eh e ge 25

longicornis Olivier [Bostrichus] 102, 103
longicornis (Olivier) Poniber,

tha]
longicornis (Olivier) [Tetraprio-
(area ep ee Cate Gad
livietidaes sabes 23 Lae ae
macleayi Blackburn [Apatodes]__ 57, 58

02, 121
2

NES ot cS OI er a

ee eee ee

INDEX 149
Page Page
macleayt (Blackburn) [Sinoxy- opacus Casey [Dinoderus]___--___ 43
ON eee ALES E Lien eeindy hs 57, 58] opacus (Casey) [Stephanopachys] 43
maculata LeConte [Acrepis]-__-_-_- 16 | ovicollis LeConte [Exops]______-_ 13
maculata (LeConte) [Psoa]-_-_-_-_ 16 | ovicollis (LeConte) [Polycaon]__- 13
marginata Fabricius [Apate]----- 140] pacificus Casey [Dinoderus]_-_-_-__ 45
marginata (Fabricius) [Xylopso- pacificus (Casey) [Stephanopa-
ers oa Orr iirmie sd) 140 Gliwice Ee) 45
maritimus Casey [Amphicerus]_ - 70 | pallens Casey [Apatides]______-_- 96
megalops Fall [Polycaon]-- ---_-- 10} papuensis MacLeay [Rhyzoper-
megalops (Fall) [Heterarthron]__ LO ecb het reese te, Peay es 87
megalops (Fall) [Melalgus]____-- 6, 10} parallelus Lesne [Bostrichus]____ 98, 99
Melalgus Dejean___--..-_----- 5,12} parallelus (Lesne) [Bostrychop-
carinatus (Guérin-Ménéville) 6 Sis ees = ation F asa aria 98, 99
chiliensis Lacordaire_-_-_-_-_- 6 | parilis Lesne [Xylobiops]- ____ 122, 124
confertus (LeConte) _______ 6, 9| parvulus Lesne [Heterarthron]__ 10
eylindricus Dejean_________ 6| parvulus (Lesne) [Melalgus]____- 10
exesus (LeConte)________-_ 6, 7,10] parvulus Casey [Dinoderusj_--_-_- 50
femoralis (Fabricius) _______ 6,10] parvulus (Casey) [Stenphanopa-
gonagra (Fabricius) __-_-_--- Oldiiehys eer oa ones oN 50
incisa, (LeConte)_ =... _- 9| parvulus Lesne [Xylopertha]___- 115
megalops (Fall) 2220.21. 6, 10} parvulus (Lesne) [Octodesmus]_- it hay
obliquus (LeConte) - - -_--__- tp olldpatea@asey. 2 sue ersl/ soni sy: 24
parvulus (Lesne) -___-__2-- 10 brevisw Horn: -sivseiesy ous 24
plicatus (LeConte)_.______- 6, 7| peregrinus Erichson [Bostrichus]_ 70
mexicana, n. sp. [Micrapate]____ 88, 91] peregrinus (Erichson) [Amphi-
Micrapate Casey__ i202 2beeuy 54, 87104 cerus|tely caste) yavid hh pie 70
bilobata, n. spiesotal) 41-54 88, 94] peregrinus (Erichson) [Schisto-
brasiliensis (Lesne) _______~_ 88, 92 Geros ame meee 28 Corte) ast 70
cristicauda Casey_______ 87, 88, 93| perpunctatus Lesne [Dinoderus]-_ 32
dinoderoides (Horn) ____-__-_ 87, 88| piceus Marsham [Ptinus]________ 35
labialis, Tiesnes tee fh oo 88, 94] piceus (Marsham) [Rhyzopertha] 35
Mexicana, ni -spreiiewipisl» 2 — 88, 91] piceus Olivier [Bostrichus]______ 116
scapularis Gorham_____-_-_-_- 94 | piceus (Olivier) [Xylopertha]____ 116
scrabata (Erichson)_______~_ 88, 90| piceus (Olivier) [Xyloperthella]_- 116
simplex (@ilorm)se2i tL iecal 74, 87| picipennis Fahraeus [Bostrichus] 84
itis (Blanchard)! 2o2:25_.. 90 | pictpennis (Fahraeus) | Heterobos-
xyloperthoides (Jacquelin- PEVCHUbS eee Oe TE 84
Diwal) paste bets tet Ail oo , 89| pilzfrons Lesne [Dinoderus]--- _- 28
migrator Sharp [Bostrichus]_-_-_-_ 70 | plicatus LeConte [Polycaon]_ _-_- 7
migrator (Sharp) [Amphicerus]- - 70| plicatus (LeConte) [Heterar-
' minutus Fabricius [Apate]_-_____ 30 PinGuler acer etry BINT Ve wak. ve
_ minutus (Fabricius) [Bostrichus]_ 30| plicatus (LeConte) [Melalgus]__ G7
minutus (Fabricius) [Dinoderus]_ 25, 30] pollens Casey [Apatides]_______- 96
minutus (Fabricius) [Xyloper- Polyeaon Castelnau_______-~ 5LGp hi, 49
AEN ETE Tete tae oe Mae age a 143 brevant Curtis. 22uLeiia ts. 11
monticola, n. sp. [Scobicia]___ 105, 108 chiliensis Castelnau________ ial
muricatum Fabricius [Sinoxylon] 57 confertus LeConte________- 9
-Mmuricatum Fabricius [Synoden- exesuse(LeConte) .2. 2...) 7
drome een U Feaenetign TS 2. 57 granulatus Van Dyke_____- 12
mutchleri Belkin [Lichenophanes] 76, 82 meralops. Palliews seu _ De 10
_mutilatus Walker [Bostrichus]_-__ 136 obliquus LeConte____-_-_-- 7
mutilatus (Walker) [Xylothrips]._ 186 ovicollis (LeConte)_______ ~~ 13
_nicobaricus Redtenbacher [Enne- plicatus: (IieConte)...--.-=- 7
adesmirs)| is 2. = seep e)\ osljo. 140 pubescens LeConte___--~-_-- 12, 14
nicobaricus (Redtenbacher) [Xy- punctatus LeConte______-- 12, 14
lopsequs|> =. 2 Supa teehy. ois3 irs 140 stoutii (LeConte)______- 11,12, 13
nitidus Lesne [Dinoderus]- - _ - _- 27| Polyeaoninae Lesne______-.__-- 5
obliquus LeConte [Polycaon]__-_-_ 7) Polyesoniniy besne. =. 2. 2 = = 2,5
obliquus (LeConte) [Melalgus]___ 7, 8} porcatws LeConte [Dinoderus]- - - 43
obscurus Perty [Dysides]_-__-__- 3,4] porcatus (LeConte) [Stephano-
ocellaris Stephens [Dinoderus]. 24, 25, 281. pachys]_--.-..-.._-.-----1-- 43
Octodesmus Lesne____-.__-_-- 101, 114] praemorsa Erichson [Xylopertha] 118
episternalis Lesne________-_ 115] praemorsa) Erichson ([Xylopris-
parvulus (Lesne)____..-_-- TS tally ides cit Fy ed ton, 118

*150 INDEX
Page Page
prosopidis, n. sp. [Xyloblaptus]._ 131] religiosa Boisduval [Apate]___ 135, 138

Prostephanus Lesne____—__----~_- 23, 36

apax Wesness2 7-252 2-2 37, 40
ari ZOMicus Mesps es Le 36, 38
punctatus (Say) ee Spisiteo 36, 37, 39
sulcicollis (Fairmaire and
German) eoece = oss 2 ee 36
truncatus (Horn)____-_ 37, 39, 41
Bsoablierbstaaia se ers oa! 3, 15
clerordes Wiesne es oe 2 16
maculata (LeConte) ____-_-- 16
quadrisignata (Horn) - _--__- 16 hy,
Serquliata, lsesmery ss) a = 14
viennensis Herbst_______-- 16
Psoa Erichson, not Herbst____-- 11
chiliensis Erichson_-_-_____-_- 1
Psoidae Boving and Craighead___ 5, 15
PsomaJakobsomme es ha i. a8 15
Rsom~ae besne. e422 fee 2, solo
RsoimmleContexthse. 2 asl ha Ze els
Bins: Tannaeusesee se cae: © es 35
jissicornis Marsham__------ 35

miceus Marsham =. eeiet ol 6 35
pubescens Casey [Dendrobiella]_ 128,129
pubescens LeConte [Polycaon]_-__ 14

- pubescens Murray [Sinoxylon]__- 116
pubescens (Murray) [Xylopertha] 116
pubescens (Murray) [Xyloperthel-

ei ofee rhe ees Veep Pe ee 116
Sihicollie Van Dyke [Dinoderus]_ 25, 26
punctatus LeConte [Polycaon]__ 12, 14
punctatus Say [Apate]________- 36, 37
punctatus (Say) [Dinoderus]-_-__ 37
punctatus (Say) [Prostepha-

TUS] ee pr een Rips raemee elh ek 6, 37, 39
punctatus (Say) [Stephanopa-

Chaise Cee eee tl 37
puncticeps Casey [Apatides]_____ 96
punctipennis LeConte [Apate]___ 70
punctipennis (LeConte) [Amphice-

TRUS ec te Se er ere ema 2 67
punctipennis. (LeConte) [Bostri-

C6) OUD al ties BAe EG Sea 67
pusilla (Fabricius) [Apate]______ 35
pusilla (Fabricius) [Rhyzoper-

EY cho ag ne pb 67 34
pusillum Fabricius [Synoden-

SU RCy Ol ape, Mees Oe hess cok see 34
pusillus (Fabricius) [Dinoderus]__ 34
pustulata Kiesenwetter [Xylo-

TOC TG | Shee ce eres Ma el rch 112
pustulata (Kiesenwetter) [Scob-

GTS | es OT as ee ae ne OTE SYK 112
quadricollis Marseul [Stephano-

paichiys) 2% S222 is nlp er a eh | 43
quadrisignata Horn [Acrepis]____ We

quadrisignata (Horn) [Psoa]____ 16, 17
quadrispinosus LeConte [Sinox-

ylon] 131 132
quadrispinosus (LeConte) [Den-

drobpieliaiees= sis 254s Bees. 128, 132
quadrispinosus (LeConte) [Xy-
loblaptus]2c% &: steest 131, 132

quadrispinosus (LeConte) [Xy-
lopertha]

132

religiosa (Boisduval) [Rhyzoper-

hie Bet Repee aie. bP riaas! ie Nee 138
religiosa (Boisduval) [Xyloper-
1) OF: [meme Ket) 2 Pie Cee y Peres am ie cb: 5 138

religtosae Fairmaire [Apate]___ 136, 138

religiosae (Fairmaire) [Xylo-
thrips |e ath) ai ane 136
religiosus (Biosduval) [Xylo-
Chris) eres teeta bey Eta es 135, 188
reticulatum Herbst [Anobium]__ 20
reticulatus (Herbst) [Dictyalo-
tus] Taner eine he neh iy) a a 20
reticulatus Melsheimer, not
Herbst [Endecatomus]- ______ 22
reticulatus (Melsheimer) [Hende-
Catomius|=c0 4, Meritt >. 1) eee 22
retusus Olivier [Bostrichus]-_-____ 143
retusus (Olivier) [Xylonites]_ _-__ 143
Rhizopertha Guérin- Ménéville___ 33
Rhizoperthodes Lesne__________ 23
Rhyzopertha Stephens_________ 23, 33
bifoveolata Wollaston______ 32
dominica (Fabricius) ______-_ 34
jisstcornis (Marsham) _ _ ____ 35
papuensis MacLeay________ 87
picens (Miarsham)) os. aeae ae
pustllum (Fabricius) -______ 34
religiosa (Boisduval)_______ 138
RULf COPE) = sn eee 35
sceule Baudi_ ee ee ee 30
pos (Blanchard) 2. 2ouees 90
robustus Casey [Apatides]_______ 96
ruj@oaope (Apatel:29.c2) saad 35
rufa (Hope) [Rhyzopertha]_____ 35
rufescens Dejean [Apate]______- 102
refescens (Dejean) [Tetrapriocera] 102
ruficorne Fahraeus [Sinoxylon]__ 58, 62

rusosus Dejean [Cis|o. |. a l2um ss 1
rugosus Randall [Triphyllus]____
rugosus (Randall) [Endecatomus] 19, 21

rugosus (Randall) [Hendecato-

TORUS] See hs eet ee ee 22
rugosus Olivier [Bostrichus]_____ 43
rugosus (Olivier) [Stephanopa-

clivis| =o tito) te OR 43
scabrata (Erichson) [Micrapate]_ 88, 90
scabratus Erichson [Bostrichus]_ 90
scabratus (Erichson) [Bostrychu-

TES Perec ts BOSE reel 2 a ee a 90
scapularis Gorham [Xylopertha]_ 94
scapularis (Gorham) [Micrapate]
Schistoceros Lesne S220) Sas 66, 68

brevicollis (Casey) ________- 74
bimaculatus (Olivier) ______ 72
cormutus(Pallas). 2... 2am 70
grandicollis (Casey) __------ 74
hamatus Lesne, not Fabri-

CIUS asters, 85% eS 68
peregrinus Erichson ______-- 70
sintplex Horm .-_ = + eae 74
Pees MOM. cu CN aie 73

schwarzt Horn [Tetrapriocera]___ 102

Stobiciasiesne S25" 22 Sire ee 101, 104
arizonica Lesne_-________ 105, 109
barbata (Wollaston) _____ 105, 113

INDEX 151
Page Page
Scobicia Lesne—Continued sinuata Fabricius [Apate]_______ 143
bidentata Lesne, not Horn___ 106 | sinuata (Fabricius) [Xylopertha]_ 116,
bidentata (Horn)____ 104, 105, 107 143
capillata Dejean___-------- 112| sinuata Stephens, not Fabricius
chevrieri (Villa) __ ~~~ 104, 105, 112 [Apatite £2 see laigeia 136
declivis (LeConte)___ 104, 105, 110| stnwata (Stephens, not Fabricius)
foveicollis (Allard) --_------ 112 Peeplioparigas| 2 2 Fett s 136
Peswek i. SPresjei (6. 22: 105, 106 | sobrinus Casey [Dinoderus]_-_-- 47
monticola, n. sp____----_-_ 105, 108|sobrinus (Casey) [Stephanopa-
pustulata (Kiesenwetter) - - - LIPS ielyal ee = fete Fh.) ren salt nt 43, 47
suturalis (Horn)________-_ 104, 105 | spectabilis Lesne [Bostrychus]_-_- 77
scutula Lesne [Xylopertha]_____ 116] spectabilis (Lesne) [Lichenopha-
scutula (Lesne) [Xyloperthella]_ 1 GH ie ee 76, 77
securifer Lesne [Xylion]_______- 104 | Stephanopachys Waterhouse____ 23, 42
sericans LeConte [Sinoxylon]____ 129 amplus (Casey) _____--_-_-- 43, 44
sericans (LeConte) [Dendrobiella] 129 asperulus (Casey) _-____--_- 43, 47
-sericans (LeConte) [Xylopertha]_ 129 conicolor, Nn: sp__ 25. 2» 43, 48
-sericans Horn, not LeConte [Sin- cribratus (LeConte) ______- 43, 49
MOK VIOH | a2 ae Aye, 2 = 128 densus (LeConte) ________-_ 43, 50
sericans Casey, not LeConte [Den- hispidulus (Casey) _____-__-_- 43, 50
probaelia hii: ta a 2 nes ee 128 linearis Kugelann__-_-_-_-__-_~ 25
-serricollis Germar [Apate]__-_-_-_ 68 opacus (Casey) __---__-_-_- 43
serricollis (Germar) [Amphicerus] - 68 pacificus (Casey) ---------- 45
sexdentatum Olivier [Bostrichus] 57, 63 parvulus (Casey) -__------- 50
sexdentatum (Olivier) [Apate]_-__ 63 porcatus (LeConte) - ---_--- 43
sexdentatum (Olivier) [Sinox- punctatus (Say)-2u2) | 22 _
bea |S Sa ee Tis 57, 58, 63 quadricollis Marseul __-_---~- 43
sexguttata Lesne [Psoa]-_-_------ 17 rugosus (Olivier) _________~- 43
sezguttata (Lesne) [Acrepis]-__-___- 17 sobrinus (Casey) ____------ 43, 47
sextuberculatum LeConte [Sin- substriatus (Paykull)___ 42, 43, 45
The | ns Se: ops Ao epee 126 truncatus! (Horn)! fect 39
sextuberculatus (LeConte) [Xylo- stoutii LeConte [Alloeocnemis]__ 11, 13
FTC) | Sen sp sere 122, 126] stoutii (LeConte) [Exops]______-_ 13

sextuberculatum Gorham, not Le-

Conte [Xylopertha]________-- 120
seztuberculatum (Gorham, not
LeConte) [Xylomeira]________ 120
sicula Baudi [Rhyzopertha]_____ 30
sicula (Baudi) [Dinoderus]_____~_ 30
simplex Horn [Sinoxylon]_______ 74, 87
simplex (Horn) [Amphicerus]___ 68, 74
simplex (Horn) [Micrapate]-____- 74, 87
simplex (Horn) [Schistoceros]-_ __ 74
Sinoxylon Duftschmid_-_-___-___- 54, 57
nvale: Rese 445-73. 32 58
asperum LeConte____-_____ 128
basilare (Gay)=:- 3. =--.-- 122
bidens (Fabricius) ________~_ 63
bidentata Horn=.._. ~~. ___ 107
conigerum Gerstacker______ 58, 60
declivis LeConte_________-_ 110
dinoderoides Horn________~_ 87, 88
floridanum Horn__-_-__-_-__- 120
geminatus Schilsky_________ 58
japonieum Lesne__________ 58, 61
macleayi (Blackburn) _____-_ 57, 58
muricatum (Fabricius) _____ 57
pubescens Murray ---_--___-_ 116

quadrispinosus LeConte__ 131, 132

ruficorne Fahraeus_________ 58, 62
gSericans LeCoantesh220. 129
sericans Horn, not LeConte_ 128

sexdentatum (Olivier)___ 57, 58, 63

sextuberculatum LeConte__ 126
TUE OSE Ey rr 74, 87
SupuEaus Hom. 2. |. 105
pete Sara 2s 125

stoutii (LeConte) [Polyeaon] _11, 12, 13
substriatus Paykull [Apate]__ 24, 42, 45
substriatus (Paykull) [Dinoderus] 24, 45
substriatus (Paykull) [Stephano-
pachyet tf 3S io Su gatall 5 42, 43, 45
substriatus Stephens, not Paykull
[Drmpterts|.! avo tl ).2t 25h ew 30,
sulcicollis Fairmaire and Germain
Pipaeperitia|: > oo ete. | olin: 36
sulcicollis (Fairmaire and Ger-
main) [Prostephanus]__-_-—---_-
suturalis Horn [Sinoxylon]____-_-
suturalis (Horn) [Scobicia]____ 104, 105

suturalis (Horn) [Xylopertha]__- 105
Synodendron Fabricius__-_-_----- 34
capucinus Fabricius__-_-_--_- 34, 140
dominicum Fabricius _ — - --- 34
muricatum Fabricius - ~~ --- 57
pusillum Fabricius_____----- 34
teres Horn [Amphicerus]_____-- 68, 73
teres (Horn) [Schistoceros]____-- 73
tetraodon Fairmaire [Apate]- --- 98
tetraodon (Fairmaire) [Bostri-
Ghusisre 19 2 eg ee 98
tetraodon (Fairmaire) [Bostry-
‘Bec nse] |. ee ee
Letrapriocera. Horn-_--_ -__~- 101, 102
longicornis (Olivier) - - - -- 102, 121
rufescens (Dejean) _--_-_-_---- 102
Qe oe i ae 102
tridens Lesne, not Fabricius. 102
texanus Horn [Sinoxylon]_------ 125

texanus (Horn) [Xylobiops]_._ 122, 125

nil dt A tt

152 INDEX
Page Page
torquata Fabricius [Apate]_----_ 119 Xylopertha Guérin-M énéville—Con.
torquata (Fabricius) [Xylo- crinitarsis Imhoff_________- 116
MMA Se Dee oe 119, 120 declivis (LeConte)-_______- 110
tridens Fabricius [Apate]--.-.-- 120 dominicana (Fabricius) --__- 136
tridens (Fabricius) [Xylomeira]- - 120 foveicollis Allard__________- tt
tridens Lesne, not Fabricius |Te- hexacantha Fairmaire______ 118
iraplocerale lee. = - eB lM 102 lifuana (Montrouzier) -_____ 138
Triphyllus Latreille_____------- 21 longicornis (Olivier) _ ___- 102, 143
Tugosus@Randall 2 2_2- - =- 21 longicornis (Fabricius) - -__- 143
truncata Dejean [Apate]__------ 143 minutus (Fabricius) _______ 143
truncata (Dejean) [Xylopertha]_ 143 parvulus Lesne_.____2_-___ 115
truncaticollis LeConte [Bostri- piceus (Olivier))-"-~ “ee. 4 116
ens Se =. see ee a ----- praemorsa Erichson-_--_--_~_-- 118
truncaticollis (LeConte) [Lichen- pubescens Murray_-_-__-___- 116
Gphanes|haee a oem Fs lis 78 pustulata Kiesenwetter____- 12
truncatus Horn [Dinoderus]-_---- 39 quadrispinosus (LeConte)__ 132
truncatus (Horn) [Prostephanus]- Sie religiosa Boisduval________ 138
Ball scapularis Gorham______-__- 94
truncatus (Horn) ([Stephano- Scutulaslhesne. 222. eo 116
PHEHYS| = cs eeoem Lh wre ude 39 sericans (LeConte) _______- 129
Trypocladus Guérin-M énéville_-- 57 settuberculata Gorham, not
tsugae Matsumura [Dinoderus]-- 25 iLeConteve!! 4 1e0cioed eam 120 —
uncipennis Lesne [Bostrichus]-- - 85 sinuata (Fabricius) ______ 116, 143
uncipennis (Lesne) [Heterobos-- ‘ sulcicollis Fairmaire and
frychus|.o 2 3 a 2h 85 Germain sco.) ) Wee 36
varia Illiger [Apate]__---------- 76 suturalis (Horn) [Xylo-
varia (Illiger) [Lichenopachys]- - 76 Perinat eS. 2 ee 10
vertens Walker [Bostrichus]- - - -- 30 truncata (Dejean)________-_ 143
vertens (Walker) [Dinoderus]- - -- 30| Xylopertha Lesne______-___-22= 116
viennensis Herbst [Psoa]- - - - --- 16 | Xyloperthella, new genus_____ 101, 116
vitis Blanchard |Bostrichus]_--__ 90 crinitarsis (Imhoff) _______- 116
vitis (Blanchard) [Micrapate] - - - 90 piceus (Olivier) ___=______= 116
vitis (Blanchard) [Rhyzopertha]- 90 pubescens (Murray)... 234 116
wrightii Horn [Dinapate]-------- 52 scutula (Leésne) i. 0 aos 116
Myhon Wesne!o2! Tee _2e 101, 1383 | Xyloperthini Lesne____________ 20
securifer Lesne_-_-_.------ 134|xyloperthoides Jacquelin-Duval
Xylobiops Casey ------------ 101, 121 patelsac. lO) AO 89
basalis (Dejean)_-__------- 123 | xyloperthoides (Jacquelin- Duval)
basilans (Say) wusdesie 2220 122) Mes Bostriehus| 1) 0/2283 | yeas 89
jloriaanus (Horm) s os reins 120 | xyloperthoides (Jacquelin- Duval)
humeralis (Melsheimer)_--- 123] [Bostrychulus]______________ 89
parilis, esnes 2322 2 esi. 122, 124 | xyloperthoides (Jacquelin- Duval)
sextuberculatus (LeConte)-. 122,/ [Micrapate]_________________ 88,
126 | Xyloprista Lesne___________- 101) 117,
texanus (Horn) #222422. 122, 125 areellata lesne_.c.) 7 os el 118
Xyloblaptus. Wesne#2 sass) 101, 130 hexacantha (Fairmaire)____ 118
prosopidisvmisp.: 29h.) 2: 131 praemorsa (Erichson) --__-_~_ 118
quadrispinosus (LeConte) - 131, 182 | Xylopsoecus Lesne_-__-__-___-__- 101, 139
x<ylomeira lesme tga ee 101; 118 capucinus (Fabricius)____ 139, 140
floridanum! @iorn) 2 22_- 22 120 castanoptera (Fairmaire)_ 140, 141
sextuberculata (Gorham, not eremita (Olivier)___________ 140
Ike Conte) Ae. hee 120 marginata (Fabricius) -_____ 140
torquata (Fabricius) ---_-- 119, 120 nicobaricus Redtenbacher___ 140
tridens. (Haloricius) 2-202 120 | Xylothrips Lesne________-_-- 101, 135
Mylonites Ibesnes_ 9s Fi s_ iies 143 destructor (Montrouzier)__-_ 138
TEtUSUSeO)iwieT ass a5) | Le 143 dominicanus (Fabricius) - _ _- 136
Xylopertha Casey, not Guérin- flavipes (Illiger)______-_- 135, 136
Miémévillectes epee sie wy _ 0d 104 | ifuana (Montrouzier) ---___-_-- 138
Xylopertha Guérin-Ménéville_ 116, 143 | mutilatus (Walker) -_-_-------- 136
barbata (Wollaston) _______ 113 | religiosae (Fairmaire) -_______-- 136
bidentata, CHiorn) +: 2222 ss 107 | religiosus (Boisduval) _-_-_-__- 135, 138
chevrieri (Villa)94 7-2 112 | sinuata (Stephen, not Fabricius). 1367

INDEX TO HOST PLANTS AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

Page

Abies—

PAU COG se ee 49

STE CLE. dete oes ale gl: a ea 46

CTY ECU 7 7) Re ed aol alin ele 36
Acacia—

CAINE SE tee ees Yl 64

LTE ay HSL sat pe” a I Ie 64

fornmesiana. {SS = 8, 121, 126, 130

EVE rim seat: Sealed eae 133

SPasE oft Di: sepa an hae 10, 61, 63, 66, 111
Acer—

MiCrOpiy ami oe —2 = SS 10, 111

Saernarinunis = 1.25.) 10

EYRE! 25 aie allt le ala 69, 80
Praia Cercieha: - =~ 37 5o = ee 61, 86
Albizzia—

TITTIS 9 cy eats sets Ra ae ee 61

EBL GLE? | fi|S[o! 0 (77 tes sp ee aan 28, 137

SUT ba o2 | 2 al ar ae a ee 31, 86
PReTIPEes artlobs.- 13v,
PMmaG ea Se 36

Almond (Prunus communis)____ 10, 14
American elm (Ulmus ameri-

DUDS) Ge 2 2a ee inh ieee
Amygdalus persicae__ 10, 64, 69, 71, 124
Anacardium occidentale___ 31, 137, 141
MaLISOPLeEN, PINDTAL =. 86
Anogeissus acuminata__________ 86
| Apple (Malus sp.)___ 10, 17, 69, 79, 124
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)__ 10, 69, 71
AERC PY): ae ae aa
PED MGUS MGR =p ee ee
Arizona white oak (Quercus ari-

zonica)

PILOCArpus IMCISO.2°-.

Arthrostylium longifolium_-_____ 71
Arundinaria longifolia_________ 92,125
Prindo, douax..-_. 2 32, 64, 90

Page
VEU 2 oS eli ee 10, 113
Bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyl-
jE co 0 2 a 10, 111
Birch bela Sp) 222. ase. 13
Biscuits (army and ship)______~_ 10, 35
Black locust (Robinia pseudoaca-
Es han af ee a 124
Black walnut (Juglans nigra) ___ 40

Bombax—

AMEE Se Soo 2 eee Se 86
FED SUIS COE seal pach Sgeiftrae Lec raat 86
malabaricum.——<--===2 2 31, 86, 137
Boswellia serrata____...------ 86, 100
Bourao (Hibiscus tiliaceus)___-_- 139
Buchanania latifolia. 2-22-22. 36
Butea frondosa__.---==--=-04 28, 137
Butternut (Juglans cinerea) _____ 69
Rc ne@meeneneen = 2 be 7 Sie = SEY 117
Calamus spe = + So's: = - PURI 33
California—

black oak (Quercus kellog-
Cleese ese 2 = LOAD 111

blue oak (Quercus doug-
Masia. = PPI 111

laurel (Umbellularia califor-
riers At esi 14
algctome spinosa. ....._._ lea 56
@amielliastinesie us sry 7 2 ale l ins 31
Canarium euphyllum__-_______-_ 86
Ganarium sirietum_._ ea 137
Candlenut (Aleurites triloba) _ __ 137

Canyon live oak (Quercus chryso-
Ife) cy (=) Lg) arena ce eee Pp oa ny 2 VRO} LTT
@aryocar villosum:. 9" 141

Cashew nut (Anacardium occi-
Henealeyec ss nth, 31, 137, 141

@ascrn fepula eek 86

Castanea dentata_________.

Bl CEraxitisysp.) eof 124 | Casuarina equisetifolia_________

Ash, white (Fraxinus americana) _ 69 | Catclaw (Acacia greggii)_______ 133

Atrocarpus hirsuta__-___ 28, 30, o0, 141 1 Cedreia toona__ = 86

Audibertia polystachya_-__-_-____ UE Cre be) i aD 79, 110

Avocado (Persea americana)____ 10, | Cercidium sp_________________ 97
103, 139 | Cercidium torreyanum____ 75, 129, 133

PERC CUAEIC Spies y See 95
Ppaikiaeas plurijuga._______-. 84
Balanites roxburghii___________ 28

Bampoo_-_ 26,28, 29, 31, 32,36, 66, 71,
? 84, 90, 92, 100, 124, 125, 141
Bambusa arundinacea__ 28, 31, 86, 100

Bambusa polymorpha__.-_______ 28
Banana (preparations) -______-_- 31, 35
ArORSCO TEOIS 22 ce 33
PREG Sine nnn es 35
Bantatus. edulis. ~2 = 7-2 o= 227 te 84
Bauhinia variegata____________ 36
SS ATO see Ct 35
meecch (Pastis sp.) 2. 79

Gercis Ganadensis_______..=_—._ 124
Cereals and meals___________-- 33
iSlibebe ecm see ee 8 ees 35
Chinaberry (Sapindus sp.) -_____- 130
Ghermy (trrunus sp.) 10, 69
Cherry, sweet (Prunus avium)__ 111
Chestnut (Castanea dentata) ___ 56,
64, 108
Cinnamomum zeylandicum____ 31, 141
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zey-
Rantivempay) = a1, iial
Plemingie tee 64
Coast live oak (Quercus agrifo-
eee an ee Gee 81, 111

154 INDEX
Page Page
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) _____- 137; GRU GIs 0 ee. Basa Steg 21122
139, 142] Furniture and wooden orna-
Wottonietres Sen ne see esd 8, All|) Meme musta te Seg oy aha 14, 46, 86
Cotton, wild (Thurberia thespe- Gardenia/florida_2i31)_1/) 24 141
a te ble: end 5 Al ae panes qOUNMa ta. 2 ee 36. 86
Ou (inva) ewe ee Ns 40 | Giant reed (Arundo donax)__ 32, 64, 90
CorkeGnainsect boxes). =2- 2 = = 35 | Gleditsia Pecees pees 124
peoualan anagyToOides. 222 25" Si) (Grapeseees Genet. ae a 10,
ryptocarya palmerstoni____- 139, 142 17,-18;,56, 64, 69, 71, 73, 915 93,
Cuberoots= seas amass Tk te, 33 106, 124, 141
Cirramc (Ribesis) meee 10| Grape, fox (Vitis laibrusea) === 113
©ypressy (lumber) see ee 44 | Grains (Gigs 7) aa pian s Se SF
Dalbergia melanoxylon_________ 63) \Grewaa, tiliaefolia== 1-9 =" = eee 29, 61
Dalbergia sissoes 2922 55-2 2-2 36, 86 | Guava (Psidium guajava) _____ 31, 141
Dendrocalamus— see EE tn cae ee 103
SANUS eee ee Res 31) Gum (Eucalyptus sp.)__ 63, 66, 84, 111
Hamilton seen ee 31] Gum, blue- (Eucalyptus elobu-
i‘ SEnIChUS= ate nee 28, 31, 36, 86, 100 A lus) gh kc ye eRe 0! 14, 124
erhisgellipticaue == se se 139) Gurumee ee oe eee 29, 30
Dernissroots. = 33, 59, 103, 139, 141 Hack bene (Celtis Sp). oe 79, 110
Diospyros virginiana________-_- 124) Elazelmute ees A ee 66
Dipterocarpus— Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) --- 46
AIA tictc keene. 29.30 | Heritiera formes? 2.) 92) see 36
POLO SUS 2 rs ae te an Ss 86 | Hleveaispo awe tae 27 a ee 137
SDE CICS ee te eee te 141 | Heyes brasiliensis= = s"= "oes 31, 141
EUEbInAt See eee ome oe 86, 137| Hibiscus rosa-sinensis___ _ _-___- 141
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga taxi- pseu UE NGS 139, 142
Oli) MepeR nh Spree ela ok ic,” Bed 46 a
Dnues (stored) = see = 2. 35 DUD. = sass sess Skeet hese 124
Durian (Durio zibethinus)____ 31, 141 glabra a ee aE ee 82
Durioyzibet Minus sees s = peas 31, 141 _ _ Species__----------.-.- 69, 79, 108
inten Hickory pecan ____._--- 69, 71, 79, 124
cena (Ulmus america- Helouies integrifolia_ _~_--_- 3 61
SE Paste ae 124 Bee (Gleditsia tri- r)
E *; acon : 1 CAMGIN@S) = 2225. le ee
ng ish (Ulmus ee aie He Hone Spores mirrmacirmenaes Were 8 By
ppc cig: aa oie 64,79; 107, 110 | seeder Det vnOrS eae 137
re orsebean, little leaf (Parkin-
Emery oak (Quercus emoryi) __-_- 110 SgieD. ae 5
crophy 129) ase tini y o 75
Endospermum chinese_-____-__ ~~ 86 . .
Horsebean (Parkinsonia acu-
English elm (Ulmus campestris) - 10, leata) 121. 126. 130
111, 124 | pruadil ~ (Pithecolobium brevi-
English oak (Quercus robur) __ 56, 113 folium) cumieataon EON a 126
Erythrina indiea-————-- 31) Huira-huira roots. BB
Eucalyptus— Huisache (Acacia farnesiana) _ __ 8,
elobulucsse=ses eee 14, 124 121, 126, 130
SERINE 8 hn 66 | Hymenoclea monogyra_________ 74
cee ssSase S53 5S55555555 63 ae antl ee eee 31, He
n1a— VV ae ee
Jambolanass oss = eas = = = h lov yalanaerootse oe eee
MAA CCeNStsa= == aaa wo feet Tiplade Se rs eee 40 110
INVA GINO ieee teen 10 Juplansmmgra 1 3 ae ' 404
Huphorbiaimbisy ===. e =e ees 66 | Jujube (Zizyphus lotus)_______-
Evergeen oak (Quercus coccifera) 113] Kiaat (Pterocarpus angolensis) __ 84
Hae palm (Washingtonia filifera) - 53 | Kimoungone_____ ee See 141
icus— Koompassia malaccensis_______- 86
benealencismee eee oe 28, 29 | WKeydiasesiycina= == a ee 33, 86
elomeratae nen ae 137 | Canneaterandise = = ee 28, 86, 132
RE WOT O Sale eer sere eye ee 137) Larixglaricma. oe eee 124
ica (hiGUSss py) eee ee 8, 10,| Laurel, California (Umbellularia
64, 71, 107, 113, 126, 141 CalonmGa) =. = oo => eee 14, 13]
Eb white (Abies concolor) pe a 49) Weadtediles sc. 2 ee 61, 63, 112
ORPET ADE Seka Sets Many Penns Y TLS || eenione sn eae a ne eee 125
Bra xinus(spss2 225 seers To 124:| Lentilsn@ry) 22 2220s See eee 35
Rraxinus amenicanagsse2—. - 69 | Letchi (Nephelium litchi) _____- 141

INDEX 155
Page Page
ieuesensa plauea__-- - __.__--== 86 | Oak—
BREOFICe. THOUS) ofa erie ot ht 56 Arizona white (Quercus ari-
Little-leaf horsebean (Parkin- Vc er) ee ek 110
sonia microphylla)___________ 75 California black (Quercus
Live oak (Quercus sp.)________- 10, 14 Reliogeni) les oa hE ose 111
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)_-___ 50, 51 California blue (Quercus
Locust— degetasw) = es je |
black Robinia pseudoaca- canyon live (Quercus chry-
Cia) E ee aie a het Ss 124 ea). 5 oe eae nA. 111
honey (Gleditsia tria- coast live (Quercus agri-
ELS) je Sl Se ene 124 ETE y eS aaa ir aire 6 81, 111
TEN ee Se 56, 64, 71 Emory (Quercus emoryi) - -- 110
Lumber (building)____________- 28, English (Quercus robur)__ 56, 113

31, 44, 46, 59, 85, 139
STS 5 es ot a 73

Machilus odoratissima_________ 132
_ LSE Tirit ies ee Seth oe reeereps 14
_ (SUD ET ee a ee 86
Maize. ee on ls net ee 31, 32, 35
Mallotus philippinensis__-_------ 36,

100, 137, 141
Reis Spe 10 Tz, 69, 79, 124

Ranpiters indica 522° 520 + 28,
33, 61, 68, 100, 137, 141
Mango (Mangifera indica) aoe Ae 28,

33, 61, 68, 100, 137, 141
Manico (dry roois)_—___ = ____ 33, a0
Manzanita (Arctostaphylos to-
REC ES-T) eee sp eis eel 10, 14
Maple—
big-leaf (Acer macrophyl-
CUTE Lge ie ee et
Oregon (Acer macrophyl-
| CE PPEN Vice Si aie ee en 10
Pacific (Shorea sp.) ___--_--- 137
silver (Acer saccharinum) __ 10
Teh ut: ow 69, 80
MRastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus) _ _ 113
Ries azedarach—_ =" > - =. 31
Merostachys racimaflora__-____~_ 32,44
Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) ____ ik
B7, 8252126, 127, 129, 130,. 132;
133
Mexican white pine (Pinus stro-
AES) ee 47
CLE Sa a a eee a Tee Se 35
Mistletoe (Phoradendron fiaves-
TET es re ee eee 75
Mockernut' hickory (Hicoria
TEP et el sy aa 124
TS eee a 63
Morus—
ED ee ee ee 141
UC i tk es 86
gL) ey? eS es pe ea ae 124
20 ee eee 56, 64, 113
Mulberry (Morus sp.)_-____ 56, 64, 113
Mulberry, red (Morus rubra)___ 124
Myristica longifolia___________-_ 137
___ | ae Sa es eee 56
Myrtle, Oregon (Umbellularia
SxUNOEINCAD. 28 2 ast 111
Nephelium lappaceum_ -_-_-_-_-__-_ 31, 141
Mephehum litehi- =. 141

evergreen (Quercus cocci-

ST y i eri irs oy 0h Se 113
Nive (Quercus sp.) =. = 22. 10, 14
species 4. +... =. _ seattle

38,
56, 79, 80, 86, 109, 124, 137
tan bark (Quercus densi-

AUT) pe 2S kp Boe ted oe ed 10, 111
valley white (Quercus lo-

leah) ote i eee Oe, 111

white (Quercus alba) ______- 109

Sais ee en a eS he 35

COREL £26 Res Sree oe Fs 10, 64

Crate aod oN et ee do 10, 71, 111
Oregon maple (Acer macrophyl-

ih Ree = 21 ee ere sees 10
Oregon myrtle (Umbellularia cali-

COO) ee 78 ee 111
Oxytenanthera nigrociliata____- 29, 31
Pacific maple (Shorea sp.) __-___- 137
Packing cases and wooden boxes_ 32,

59, 86
Palirus aculeatus_._-—._____-.-~ 64
PAN ee pee A 53
Palen tntis se 2 e =eS ete eths 33, 53
Palo verde (Cercidium torrey-

Tih as ar ee 75, 97, 129, 133
Parashorea stellata... .< = 24 86
Parishia imsignis.___. =.= — St. a6,.137
Parkinsonia aculeata_____ 121, 126, 130
Parkinsonia microphylla__-_-____- 75
Peach (Amygdalus persicae) - 10,

64, 69, “tl, 124
Pear (Pyrus communis) -_-_____- 10,

64, 69, 71, 124
Pecan (Hicoria pecan) -__- 69, zi. 79, 124
Persea americana_________ 10, 103, 139
Persen eranissima.__- 2 = te 31
Persimmon (Diospyros_ virgini-

Tier) Set Se eee CS eon? 124
Phoradendron flavescens________ 75
Phyllanthus emblica____________ 137
Phyllostachys Sp... = _ ua. 31

Phyllostachys sulphurea viridis_ 124
Pine—
Mexican white (Pinus stro-

INMERIIS) 4550 4 5 AT
loblolly (Pinus taeda) ___-_~- 50, 51
pifon (Pinus edulis) --____- 48
poo a ee ee aera 50
single-leaf pifion (Pinus mo-

DET ee ee 49

ee ee

156 INDEX
Page Page
Pine—Continued. Raspberby 2.22.2 kL) DO ee 10
Virginia (Pinus virginiana) - 51]) Redbud (Cercis canadensis) __-___ 124
western yellow (Pinus pon- Red mulberry (Morus rubra) _ __ 124
Genosa)) in 2 a 7, 50} Rhus—
white (Pinus strobus) ------ 50 ME COPING 2% LM NE te 103
Pinus— toxicodendron. 22242 ee 124
Equlis S22 2 ie ea ESL Ot 48 VETM Deseo ets eo ee 124
Klneyrpyay ae ee eds ME) te 28;'29, 315] Riceks Sager Siie s) ae Sie
Koya 0) es Se ea 29 | Robinia pseudoacacia__-_--_-___- 124
monophylla cones _- ------- 49 '\ ROOTS -2eeene yrs SAREE? 31, 38, 40, 92
PONGEerOSaa == ooo 5s SE 47, 50 VROSe2 2 sean Se US U8 10, 64, 111
speeiesv Uk 2 aa 40, 44, 46,56] Royal poinciana (Poinciana
Stropilormis= = ee tt oY i Wha 212 2) Nene 8, 121, 130
Strobussh 289 Wa Ae 50)! Rubbers eesee usa (ith eos ee 31, 141
SiIVIVCS URIS Ha Aree eee ce ELE 46 | Sal (Shorea robusta) ___-_____--_ 28,
1/21 2(6 7 pases, > <i Ba 50, 51 29, 31, 36, 61, 86, 137, 141
AV UI TUDE Ee eae 51.) Sambucusispessss 2: oo. Se ee 95
Piquia (Caryocar villosum) _---- 141) Santalumraligum 5 = 5 ee 141
Pistaciatlentiscus2v2 vt) wn. f 113) | Saprmrdusts peste 2 ins see 130
Pithecolobium brevifolium__-__--- 126 | Shorea—
eV UH 0 oiipind © Ral: eek SENSOR es Es ie me 69 leprosy eee ony ie aa 86
Poinciana— TODUStAS ee Sn See
Clataas s+ NUE FIEe 31, 86, 137, 141 29, 31, 36, 61, 86, 137, 141
TOGIQE oa 92 eo Ae ote 121, 1380 SeaClear an 8°!) seherae 137
TOV en do 8, 121, 130 | Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) _ 10
Poison-ivy (Rhus toxicodendron) 124] Sindora siamensis_____________ 141
Poison sumac (Rhus vernex) - - - - 124] Single-leaf pifion pine cones
Polyporus gilvus_ 22022 2.-.. == - 21;/22)|., Pinus monophyita).. 9-2 se 49
Pomegranate (Punica granitum) - 113 | Smilax—
Potatoest*dried 22.5455. ..-.4_ 382 35, 84 bonponicaet | 9) es 9) tele 31
Prickly-ash (Aralia spinosa) -- - -- 124 Elmina 100
IPrOSOpISiSps. 14 eRe 2) GEO 97, 132 Species. 5 Sat 40, 69, 71, 100, 103
Prosopis juliilora oes oe 125, | Sonneratia apetala_____________
126, 127, 129, 130, 133 Sone bmn = fs Oh Ea ee 35
HAE UE SR SIRE opel wy hal SAE 10 | Spondias mangifera___________- 31
PR UNIS HD VU Pe = I, 111 | Sterculia—
Prunus:communis_..- 22. U2 10, 14 leer se ns mole ty A 86
PSidiumeanaj ava |e se 30, 141 campanulata.-- 223-2 28, 36, 86
Pseudotsuga taxifolia_-_.__=--- 46 HREM Ga ee ee ee eee 29
Pterocarpus angolensis__-------- 64. | Strawberry tree. eee 10, 56
Pterocarpus indicus___---- 86, 100, a SUganeateee ek | 31
UMC a earn, Canc eae epee 113] Sumac, poison (Rhus vernix)___ 124
Pyrus communis____ 10, 64, 69, 71, 124| Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) ___ 111
Quercus— Sweetpotato (Batatus edulis) ___ 31
AGTHRO TAM sarees ae ee ae, 81, 111} Swietenia mahagoni___________ 141
selva emis ta opened PERRY OETA 2 109|Sycamore (Platanus occiden-
ETZOM CR eee he See 110 EEE ATISS) pa, = ce eee eae gia alg ey 8 79
EhinySOle pis = ae eee 110, 111 | Tamarack (Larix laricina) ______ 124
COCCHET Art sta einer T LIE 113} Tamarind (Tamarindus sp.)____ 121
densitlonras! i424 seat bE © TO) Maa a nun Gdise ss 2 fon so mie eee 121
douplasne 22 22 cheeses FA Lit | Pamarmdussindicuss==“25 2s esa 141
(EHO OKOY Ook ck gee ees age Oe 110| Tamarisk (Tamarix gallica) _____ 129
camibelinmeesar ya eee sel 80 | Tamarix—
HEX: sah 1 nen de RED 56, 64, 113 WiOIC Awa) 8 I= ae ee Se eee 29
Kellog gnix se 28 3 5 aa Tee) 2084: 111 callienwe ws Ahh as 2) ee 129
LOD a Cae Bee ett eh SWAP MIAH Seles Sees 2 4 eee 73
RO) OU Ne ae SR el ae 56,113] Tan bark oak (Quercus densi-
SPE CTESe anes 2 eee 2 38, PLONE) eae es ea he Nees ae DG poids bE
56, 79, 80, 86, 109, 124, 137 aplocasOOiss = sae. hue See ee 35
CO 2p IESE EEA Bee et 6| Teak (Tectona grandis)________ 28, 29,
Quinces =. ies Ne ERD EN 10 30, Gt 141

31, 141

um)

Tectona grandis__-_-_-_
RepHrosiavcandidas. 4s aeneee

INDEX 157
Page Page
Terminalia— Wat enemertnie a 2 St es ee 141
Ce 50 ee Sa 86 | Vitis—

Sepa ee 61, 86, 137 Pepeaeeietesa a, ea Pe se 2 e 113
myriocarpa_______ 61, 86, 137, 141 Sieh tis. a ar oe 124
eres 137 inmate = oe eS Ee 137
tomentosa_________ 29, 36, 86, 137| Walnut (Juglans sp.)_________-_ 110
Theobroma cacao__-_--_-_-_ 137, 139, 142| Warmia triquetra_____________ 31
Thespesia populnea____________ 31, 36| Washingtonia filifera___________ 53
Thurberia thespesioides)________ 41, 71| Wattle (Acacia sp.)____________ 111

Weems eee ts oe res ee 31} Western yellow pine (Pinus pon-
Tsuga canadensis______________ AUD) Ler ne A 47, 50
_TUSIRCLE 1) ews Se ee) ee aa 8 2 ee oe, <0
Wibrerite en e ate recs es 35, 40| White ash (Fraxinus americana) _ 69
rere 35 | White fir (Abies concolor) ______ 49
us— Whe tecae seeds... 2 se 35
So es 124| White oak (Quercus alba) ______ 109
campestris__-_-______- 10, 111, 124| White pine (Pinus strobus) _____ 50

_ _Species_____ <----- 64, 79,107,110] Wild cotton (Thurberia thes-
Umbellularia californica_______ 14,111 pesioides) 41. 71
Vachellia farnesiana___________ 71 A ee ? 90

Valley white oak (Quercus idle» Seep ee
‘Ta ee 111 | Wooden packing cases and casks_ che
Vateria indica Len Ae 31, 137 395, 95, 103, 112, 124, 137
Vateria lanceaefolia__._________ 1374 Yamegery roots. = =o. 33
Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) _ Sl Pweg fois 2 2 56

O

Se — SS nen ———————————————————————————O—Ow7nr ange ~ - > —— ee a re x vem -.2e wv —<